"Bora" - umkhumbi missile hovercraft: incazelo, izincazelo kanye nokubuyekezwa

Wayekhona RKVP "Bora" isikhathi eside, akazange asifake isicelo, sasizungezwe iveli ekusithekeni Imininingwane. Njengoba, abaningi izindawo Russian lempi. "Bora" - emkhunjini, okuyinto abanawo analogue emhlabeni. Ukudlala, lobubhalo, isivinini phezulu ukuze akakwazi uhambisane ngisho torpedoes homing imicibisholo evuthayo kuyinto. I Black Sea Fleet uye wabambelela ngokuphindaphindiwe imfundiso, lapho RKVP nezisebenzi ubhekana imisebenzi, ehola impi oyimpumelelo imikhumbi isitha eyenziwe.

Umqondo ku ukusungulwa umkhumbi

Ukucabanga wokuqala ngokwakha umkhumbi enjalo sekuvele ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho ngo-1942 amaJalimane wafohla eCaucasus. E-Moscow, emkhandlwini waxoxa okusalungiswa Rocket umakhi Chelomeya. isiphakamiso sakhe - ukusungula missile torpedo izikebhe ukuhlasela ukufakwa akhatshana amakhulu isitha. Bonke bavumelana ngokuthi iphrojekthi liyathembisa ngempela, kodwa lihlehliselwe okwesikhashana.

Kuphela ngemva kwempi kuma-oda kukaStalin VMKB "Diamond" yadalwa ngo-1949. Abasebenzi icala imiklamo lwemikhumbi ku i isiguqo emoyeni, kwaba imfihlo, isihloko esisha ngokuphelele. Inhloso kwakuwukuba ukudala eshesha missile izikebhe. Brainchild kwale phrojekthi esikhathini esizayo futhi babe "Bora" - hovercraft.

Indima Bureau "Almaz"

Ngakho, ngo-Leningrad Design Bureau "Almaz" baqala ukuvela imibono - ukukhwezwa iziqhumane e izikebhe ezinesivinini encane. Emhlabeni emisha Russian asabela ngayo izibambe bayangabaza. Kodwa Six neMpi Day ngo-1967 baphendula ukubukeka, ngemva isikebhe waseGibhithe (USSR ukukhiqizwa) nangomcibisholo Salvo olulodwa ethunyelwe phansi i ngumbhubhisi Israeli. Inkathi entsha in the Navy. In the 70s onjiniyela CB "Diamond" ngaphansi kobuholi V I. koroleva aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono phambili imibono ukudalwa izikebhe ukukhanya, catamarans, hovercraft. Lokhu kwandise ijubane lokuya, ubungqabavu, ayenganqobeki. Inselele - ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye, umthelela kanye ukunyamalala efanayo okusheshayo. Yavela kanjalo-ke encane umkhumbi "Bora" hovercraft.

Uhlolo lokuqala

Ngokokuqala ngqá RKVP "Bora" wethulwa 1988, kodwa isimo sezombangazwe zomnotho ezinzima ayivumeli ukuhlola ngokushesha. Lo mkhumbi "Bora" yokuqala yabonisa impumelelo yabo ngo-1991. Endaweni Snake Island, ukuthi woLwandle Olumnyama, umlilo sokuqala, bayakukholwa abangela isiyaluyalu sína angaphandle amasevisi biko. Lokhu ngoxhaxha akakaze wahlangana. New Russian umkhumbi wezempi, uhamba ngesivinini 40 ifindo, kuyilapho ekukhiqizeni missile ukuqalisa. Missile Salvo ekulungiseleleni amasekhondi angu-30 nje kuphela. Phakathi ekuhlolweni kokuqala ezicitshwayo ezine "Mosquito" kwalotshwa off bawubhubhisa ngokuphelele isikebhe patrol. Njengoba kulindelekile, laba isibhamu ongabhubhisa ngisho nemikhumbi ngobukhulu, kuhlanganise abathwali izindiza.

Small umkhumbi "Bora" yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Sea ngumbhubhisi" ngoba umsebenzi wakhe wawuwukuba decapitate ngoxhaxha, okusho kubangele buhlungu elimazayo umkhumbi esemqoka ye isigaba isitha. Ngemva kwalokho, ngejubane eliphezulu ukwedlula noma yisiphi isitsha esenziwe zasolwandle, fihla singabonakali.

Ngo-1991, Black Sea Fleet has hovercraft zayo zokuqala - lokhu kwaba "Bora".

Izici umkhumbi

Lo mkhumbi has a displacement amathani 1050. "Bora" unamahlangothi ezifana: ububanzi Imininingwane - 17,2 m, ubude - 65,6 m Okusalungiswa isitsha - 3.3 m, lapho supercharger sengezwe 1 m ngesivinini esiphezulu 55 ifindo ... ukuphindaphinda ibanga ngesivinini 12 ifindo - 2500 amamayela at 45 ifindo - 800 amamayela. Sokuphehla amandla kuhlanganisa: 2 GTU M10-1 nomthamo ayizinkulungwane 36 Besebenzisa amahhashi, ezimbili udizili M-511A nomthamo ayizinkulungwane 20 amahhashi udizili kanye ezimbili M-504 umthamo ayizinkulungwane 6.6 amahhashi .... Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali kuhlanganisa isiqalisi RCC "Mosquito" - 8 3M80 kweminsalo, rocket 20 PU SAM "Osa-M", AK-176 - 76 mm wezikhali izinhlelo, ama-AK-630 - 30 mm wezikhali izinhlelo. umkhumbi rocket Small "Bora" igcina iqembu abantu abangu-68.

Mal futhi isuswe

Amabili izindlu ewumngcingo (ubude - 64 m, ububanzi - 18 m) embozwe platform. Phambi umshini screen nezimo. Ngisho noma ukuphakama kwegagasi amamitha amabili, injini 60 amahhashi okunamandla, okuvumela ngesivinini afika ku 55 ifindo. Uma ukuphakama 3.5 imitha ngesivinini wave kufinyelelwa ku 40 ifindo. intuthuko Okwezomnotho inikezwa yi ezimbili udizili. esinejubane ivumela umkhumbi ukugwema bamba homing imicibisholo, futhi gwema torpedoes.

Lapho edala RKVP etsheleka kakade yazuza okuhlangenwe nakho bureau kanye umkhakha shipbuilding ekwakhiweni kokwehla izikebhe uhlobo "Bison", "Adelia".

Yini eyingqayizivele mayelana RKVP? "Bora" - umkhumbi, kokuba platform hydrodynamic ukuthi kungenziwa kalula zishintshe. Propulsion isitshalo has Ukusebenzisa 36. "Bora" - lokhu isikebhe, elawula kuze ijubane ukuze ifindo 20, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhumbi, uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa Yiqiniso kwamafindo ezingaphezu kuka-50. RKVP has a ezahlukene motion esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi esimweni esivamile. Phakathi neminyaka engu-wokusebenza kwakungekho cala umkhumbi wafika ku-port zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyakwazi ukuhamba ngisho ne ophephela kuvaliwe ngenxa injini emoyeni izimpimpi ekupheleni kwesikhathi esicamelweni emoyeni.

RCC "Mosquito"

Esikebheni kwakuneqembu "Bora" (umkhumbi) iyona esabulala abantu abaningi ukuzedlula ukufakwa RCC "Mosquito." Mayelana nabo ngokuningiliziwe. Amandla umthelela la kweminsalo ekuhlanganisweni enamandla okubhubhisa abasesigabeni esiphakathi ngisho nemikhumbi Cruisers. Iziqhumane 3M80 "Mosquito" inobungako 150 kilograms. Ukuqala ububanzi - kusuka amakhilomitha 10 kuya kwangu-90. Ukuqala rocket Kuphendula up, okwenza ekukhuphukeni, iyehla kumuntu ukuphakama 20 m, lapho kusondela elitsheni kuyinto 7 m ngaphezu amagagasi futhi uhlevane ku sikebhe. Polubroneboynaya ingxenye kanye namandla omkhulu kinetic ukuvumela ukuba kudlule noma isiphi isithiyo. Ibhomu elinamandla kwenzeka ngaphakathi. Ngisho noma abaphikisi isebenzisa uhlelo Jamming, kuhlangene uhlelo lokulawula ephumelelisa okusezingeni eliphezulu nokunemba rate kuya 99%.

"Bora" ethekwini Turkish of Sinop

Ngo-2013, e-Turkey, esikhathini kusebenze CHVMG "BLACKSEAFOR", iyiso Russian Federation "Bora" - umkhumbi rocket ku-isiguqo emoyeni. Yempi Romania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine iqhaza izivivinyo ayisithupha namabhola. Ngigxila wenzani? amaqembu Sokuzindla ukuhlaselwa emoyeni, izintambo ngoba trawls, kuveza ukuhlaselwa amatshe amatshe amancane, inhlangano yokuxhumana, ikhuluma ngokuhlanganyela, ukulawula ukuhamba umkhumbi wabahwebi owawufike, ukucinga kanye khulula olwandle zezisulu.

Amatilosi emkhunjini "Bora" yabonisa side yabo engcono. Zonke izenzo iphansi kwesandla sika-uCaptain 2nd Rank Trankovskogo kwenziwe kahle, ngendlela ihlelwe ngokucacile - lokhu kuqinisekiswa amazwana bencoma wabo bonke abaphatha wabukela izivivinyo.

Esikhathini "Artek"

Sekela Black Sea Fleet amatilosi amasiko, izikhungo kusukela nenkathi yamaSoviet. Lapho ukuphela shift International Centre "Artek" kufika "Bora" - umkhumbi, egcwele ukuziqhenya izimoto zethu. Ngemva kokwenza combat ohambweni RKVP "Bora" wasukuma begasela isikhungo sezingane.

Emkhunjini akhwela amakhulu ezingane, izinkambo ekhethekile yayiqhutshelwa ngabo. Owazana lwalufundisa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abaye bathweswa iziqu imikhumbi asolwandle zezingane e "Artek". Lapha zamasiko nezombusazwe ukukhululwa abafundi.

Zonke izingane bajabula kakhulu lapho kuphuma umcimbi washiya impendulo efanele ngemuva kokuvakashela umkhumbi.

bonfire kwesiko, ushintsho yokugcina International "Artek" ikamu lalihlale ovuthayo umlilo othathwe capsule, deflated emkhunjini "Bora".

"Bora" futhi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu"

Ukukhuluma umkhumbi "Bora" hovercraft, ingasaphathwa mayelana yomuntu wakubo. It RKVP "Isivunguvungu esikhulu". Izindaba ayefana. "Isivunguvungu esikhulu," kancane abasebasha. "Bora" futhi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu" - imikhumbi yohlobo olufanayo okuqondene ekilasini missile hovercraft.

Eyokuqala sabekwa phezu umkhumbi "Bora" e Zelenodolsk eduze Kazan ngo-1984 e-ngisemsebenzini "Red Metallist". Amanzi wethulwa 1987, futhi ngo-1991 - kufakwe Black Sea Fleet.

"Isivunguvungu esikhulu" linomlando othakazelisayo ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. RKVP yasungulwa ngo-1991, kwehlisa amanzi ngo-1992. Inland mfula wayiswa oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngo-1992 - e Kerch, ngo-1993 - e Sevastopol. Ngezizathu zezobuchwepheshe, ngawo lowo nyaka kwathiwa kabusha anezinhlaka e Zelenodolsk umenzi. Ngo-September 1994, waya aseBaltic. Kube kusukela 1996 lwavivinywa e Baltiysk. Ngokusemthethweni, aseBaltic imikhumbi yethulwa ngo-2000. Ngo-2002 kuphela RKVP "Isivunguvungu esikhulu" liya Sea Fleet. Wazihlanganisa 41st missile isikebhe lamabutho Black imikhumbi.

Guys abathwala inkonzo kulezi yempi, eside ukukhumbula iminyaka eminingi Navy, kusale ukubonga ukubuyekezwa. Othile uthi isevisi kulethwa futhi ngeke lungadambisa umlingisi, omunye phakade ukukhumbula umzimba ezempi. Futhi-ke, wonke umuntu ukhuluma ngemfudumalo mayelana kwemicabango iqembu, ubungani nokusekelwa bobungani. Kuyinto kulezi yempi abasafufusa welibhola letinyawo.

Lapho benza igama "Bora" futhi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu"

Ukuze eSoviet amagama imikhumbi ezifana "Bora" futhi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu", Uma unganakile kubonakala engacabangeki angavamile. Phela, iningi labo ngalezo zinsuku zonke izinto ezibalulekile ngokuthi amagama iyiphi ubuntu nobuqhawe noma izenzakalo eziphawulekayo behlonipha Communist Party congresses, imihlangano, izingqungquthela Komsomol.

Kodwa lapha yiso lo mugqa izimoto waklonyeliswa amagama obungajwayelekile. Emuva ku 30s of leminyaka elidlule, kwaqala ukuvela ku kwathunyelwa imikhumbi, ukuqapha (eqinisweni, kubabulali), obani ababefaka amagama isiphepho ezifana "I iSiphepho." Amatilosi walibiza ke "sezulu esibi kakhulu ukwahlukana." I abazolandela salolu chungechunge kwaqala "Flurry", iphrojekthi MRK "The Tempest", "Storm" Kusukela 1234 futhi waqhubeka isiko missile hovercraft Project 1239 Umklami Korolev okuphakanyiswe ubahlambalaze okungazelelwe nemimoya enamandla. "Bora" - Black ulwandle squally Wind sivela enyakatho. ezingezwakali Ikakhulukazi "Novorossiyskaya boron". "Isivunguvungu esikhulu" - igama Arabic ezishisayo umoya Afrika okuletha iziphepho zesihlabathi eqinile, falling konke elele endleleni yayo. Ngakho, lo mkhumbi ezimbili Russian ogama lakhe behlonipha nemimoya enamandla, nge ngejubane elifanayo usike amanzi olwandle, zizosusa izithiyo.

INGQOPHA-MLANDO

Naphezu kobusha bayo, umkhumbi rocket "Bora" phakathi ukhona, owenzé engaphezu kwekhulu wezikhali kanye missile firings. Ngokuphindaphindiwe ngazimemezela RKVP best uxhumano yakhe, imiklomelo ehlukahlukene kuzo zonke izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa. Uhlala ngokuvumelana negama layo, njengoba "Bora" - yisifiso esinamandla lokho kukwenze olusha.

• Ngo-June 2002, saba nomhlangano ukubambisana eziningi ezingeni likazwelonke phakathi Ukraine neRussia, okwathi ngemva kwalokho hovercraft nangomcibisholo, yaqanjwa umoya "Bora" futhi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu", banamathela umqondisi weqembu surface imikhumbi Russian Black Sea Fleet
• Novemba 2006. "Bora" imodeli umkhumbi embukisweni show e Jakarta Indodefence embukisweni.
• 2008. Esaba Ngayo ukulungisa zamanje.
• Mashi 2009. izakhi Usebenze Yiqiniso umsebenzi K-2.
• May 2013. Ekuhambeleni kokuqala echwebeni e Istanbul. Ukubamba iqhaza embukisweni IDEF-2013.
• Agasti 2013. iqhaza abaphumelele kusebenze kanye nokusebenzisa Sea VMG "BLACKSEAFOR".
• 2015. Ukuhlanganyela hero-emzini Sevastopol umbukiso asolwandle ngoSuku Navy.
• Summer 2015. ukulungiswa yamanje emkhunjini aphethwe kakhulu ngempumelelo.
• Summer 2016. RKVP "Isivunguvungu esikhulu" Uthole umbukiso e Sevastopol ngoSuku Navy iqhaza.