Mass Atomic: amaphetheni kwendle

Zonke ezihlukahlukene izinto ezikhona kungenxa inhlanganisela izinhlobo zama-athomu. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zama-athomu - kancane engaphezu kwekhulu namuhla. Kodwa - guys ngempela ezingezwakali, futhi kuhlanganiswe nomunye hhayi imithetho combinatorics, nangokuhambisana imithetho yamakhemikhali. Noma kunjalo, inani ejenti nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu, it is ezikhulayo. Kodwa inani eyaziwa izakhi zamakhemikhali cishe ukhulise. Ngamunye uhlukile futhi ine "portrait" ayo. Futhi isici esiyinhloko yawo wonke amakhemikhali - isisindo athomu.

Iyunithi mass - inombolo lincane kakhulu. Akekho izinhlobo etholakalayo zama-athomu Lifanele njengoba umfundi ngokuba iyunithi isisindo (kodwa abaseduze kwaba hydrogen ukukhanya). Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye banquma ukuthatha lula ukubala inani - owodwa weshumi nambili ka-mass eliphelele into ezifana carbon. Kwatholakala, ukuthi inombolo ezinhle kakhulu siveza isilinganiso lapho athomu izinto ezingumsuka komunye nomunye. Ngakho, e-athomu mass phiko elibonakalayo eziningi ngezinga elincane kakhulu, lena mntwana omncane "eziyishumi emandleni lokususa amabili nesikhombisa."

Kuyacaca ukuthi ukusetshenziswa isibalo esinjalo ungakhululekile. Uyaqonda ukuthi izibalo yonke indawo hudula lokususa amabili nesikhombisa degree hhayi esandleni, futhi ngenxa yalokho inani kungase kube ungakhululekile esifanayo, nzima. Yini okumelwe uyenze? Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo iyunithi efana isihlobo-athomu mass isici. Kuyini lokhu? Konke kwenziwa kakhulu ukumane - kuthathwe ngokuphelele mass-athomu (inani kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu, cishe ezingeni elifanayo e-negative), ihlukaniswe yethu-yeshumi nambili eyodwa mass carbon. Pho kunani lokho? Kunjalo, degree of sinciphile etholwe baningana ehloniphekile. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abayishumi nesithupha umoya-mpilo-athomu, nane - I-nitrogen. I-Carbon, ngokunengqondo, kwakuyodingeka mass nambili. I-hydrogen atomic weight - omunye, kodwa hhayi ngokufana ncamashí umuntu efakazela ukuthi akubona bonke-hydrogen sathathwa tekubala, nakuba isibalo esondelene kakhulu isisindo sayo.

Khona-ke kungani isihlobo mass athomu element ngayinye - inombolo akayena ngempela ezithakazelisayo, okungezona inamba? Into wukuthi izakhi, sengathi ukuba izinhlobo zama-athomu ohlotsheni oluthile lwento ephilayo ungakwazi ukukhokhela "ukwehluka". Ezinye zazo yilezi engazinzile, uma sikubeka kalula, umuntu Kulula kakhulu angesabi ugoqe. Kodwa isikhashana lapho, ngakho-ke abakwazi indiva. Ngokuvamile, futhi njengoba sonke ifomu element esitebeleni kuhlanganisa subtypes nge ezahlukene mass athomu. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi isotopes. Lokhu uhumusha ukuthi luthathe yeseli eyaziwa zonke ithebula wesikole - yebo, wena ukuyichaza ke kwesokudla, ishadi lesikhathi.

Kodwa ingabe mass athomu element kwenza isici? Lutho neze, element libhekene inombolo eyisisekelo okuningi ka-proton nucleus. Lapha kungaba wamaqhuzu futhi kubonisa omuhle ophethe kuyi-nucleus. I 'sokuthula' we-electron-athomu njengoba kwenziwa proton nucleus, ngakho ngokuqondene athomu kuyinto kagesi hlangothi. Ngokwe ophethe le nuclei ngama-athomu , futhi ahlelwe ngokulandelana ethebuleni gqwa, kodwa isisindo sabo ngezinye izikhathi musa abalalela lo mthetho. Ngakho-ke, kukhona-ngaphandle uma athomu ngoyisiwula kusinda eme phambi kwetafula ngokulandelana. Nokho, ukuthi akuyena obangele leso simo kuphela isotopes. Imvelo "wafuna" ukuze isotopes esindayo babenegunya elikhulu kule nto. Kodwa isihlobo mass-athomu adalule ngokulingana nenani isotopes ezahlukene. Kalula nje, uma uhlobo isotopes eside usinde - mass-athomu kuyoba ngaphezulu, uma ukukhanya okuningi - imfushane. Futhi indida kohlelo gqwa.

Eqinisweni, wathi mass athomu ezimbalwa lula. Kukhona imithetho okujule nakakhulu futhi sina ngokuphathelene ishadi lesikhathi. Kodwa zidinga sihloko ndawonye, mhlawumbe sizobuya ukucabangela nabo kamuva, mfundi othandekayo.