Car tappet: isimiso wokusebenza futhi idivayisi

Lezi zingxenye afakiwe ekuklanyweni imoto muva. Esikhathini 60s baqala ukuhlomisa amanye amamodeli izimoto. Sakhiwo isimiso zokusebenza wokubacindezela ezithakazelisayo kubashayeli abaningi, ngakho udinga ukukhuluma ngazo.

Yini Wayenzani?

Lapho imoto is ahlala, yonke imininingwane yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu ukufuthelana lokushisa sezingeni eliphezulu. Esinye we physics esikoleni Yiqiniso sonke siyazi ukuthi ukwandisa lapho ukufuthelana umzimba. Ukuze ugweme zokugwema ukuphuka, ukugqoka-ibangelwa izingxenye ngazinye, kuphela kukhona ekhethekile izikhala ezishisayo injini. Lapho injini sekuqala ukufudumala, bona esikuthola ngenxa ukwanda ngobukhulu imininingwane ethile. Kodwa njengoba izingxenye uzokhathala osayizi babo uma ukufuthelana angakwazi ukuqonda igebe ezishisayo. Lokhu akuyona indlela engcono kuthinta izici ashukumisayo nezinye we powertrain.

Kungani tappet emotweni

igebe Thermal e idrayivu mshini valve kuthinta kakhulu izinga lomsebenzi, futhi ngokuvamile ukusebenza injini. Ngenxa evamile izingxenye bafake njalo ushintsha ibanga valve. Ekuqaleni emlandweni we yangaphakathi omlilo engine, lezi izikhala kuyalungiswa esebenzisa ukusonta abavamile. Le nqubo edingekayo njalo, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa kushuba izindleko inqubo.

Ngakho-ke, onjiniyela kufanele kube lula ukuphila abashayeli, ithuthukiswe tappet. Umgomo we operation kuba ukuncela izikhala phakathi izingxenye tekusebenta camshaft futhi phakathi rockers, rocker izingalo, ama-valve futhi nemigoqo. Ngakho, lokhu enano kuxhomeke lokushisa noma degree of bafake izingxenye nemikhulu.

izinhlobo ngolaka

Faka lezi zingxenye kungaba kunoma iyiphi inhlobo isikhathi izindlela. Kuye onjani isikhathi design, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyisisekelo lifters wokubacindezela. It abashushumbisi, gidroopory ngoba iziyisikhombisa noma rocker izingalo, kanye roller tappets.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umklamo imishini ihlukile, izenzo isimiso esifanayo. Bonke zenzelwe isinxephezelo izikhala phakathi lifters valve futhi camshafts.

Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso se-ukuqhuma ku "Chevrolet Niva" kuyinto ukuthi esikhundleni nokusulwa bendabuko zokulawula in the imishudo isilinda ikhanda manje asetshenziswa plunger yesifunda. Lezi ngazimbili kohlelo Lubrication engena wokubacindezela uketshezi ukusebenza. Lokhu kubangela isigwedlo sonke isikhathi sicindezelwe ngokumelene camshaft cam. Ngamadivayisi ezinjalo asikho isidingo ukulungisa nokusulwa.

Kusukela umlando lamasu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi iningi imoto yokuqala okuyinto ifakwe kulezi amayunithi amancane, kuyinto "Cadillac 452". Lokhu eqoqwe ngo-1930. Njengoba amandla iyunithi esetshenziswa V16. Ukuze kube lula nokugcinwa nokulungiswa izimoto kuyilapho wazibuza ukuthi kungani tappet, isimiso ke yasungulwa kamuva kakhulu. Ngakho, kukhona ulwazi ukuthandwa lezi zinhlelo weza in the 80s, lapho emakethe wayegcwele izimoto Japanese.

Kanjani tappet

Phakathi izingxenye ezinkulu indlela kungaba avelele umzimba plunger pair, isiphethu kanye valve isheke. Njengoba izindlu (a izindlu zingase zihluke kuye ukuklanywa actuator) kungaba cylindrical tappets, rocker ingalo, noma ingxenye ikhanda isilinda.

Umgomo we operation imoto wokubacindezela yakhelwe isici futha. Yena, siqukethe emikhonweni, elivumela plunger ukuhambisa indlela ethile. Futhi e ukuklanywa plunger kungathiwa. Kuyinto steel isilinda okuyinto ezansi ine ukuvulwa. It uxhuma kuvulwa ingaphakathi ngaphakathi imininingwane nangaphasi.

Ezinye izindlu lapho odnoplechny isigwedlo plungers azinikezi izimbotshana yangaphakathi. Plunger entwasahlobo elise phakathi plunger kanye emkhonweni uqobo. Valve ukubuya isetshenziswa a steel ibhola isiphethu.

Umgomo we operation ye-valve wokubacindezela

Kanjalo. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho cam isihlobo camshaft kuya pusher kuyinto uhlangothi lwalo reverse, yena akazange akwesabe. Nakuba injini kubanda, phakathi umlandeli cam futhi kukhona igebe. Spring lapho amandla isetshenziswa sizoqala ibenze plunger kuze kube ibanga ingabe usekhona ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amafutha kusuka ohlelweni Lubrication imoto sidlula isiphethu ukulayishwa valve ibhola umgodi engaphakathi compensator.

On ligijima camshaft le cam ngazo ngokumelene komzimba pusher. Ngakho, a izindlu Umfutho wehlela, ukuvala amavesi uwoyela. Valve ibhola ivaliwe ngalesi sikhathi, futhi wokubacindezela ingcindezi uketshezi ngezansi inyuka plunger. Njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukuba cindezela uketshezi, umusi isebenza isimiso ukwesekwa eqinile force cam idluliselwa ku stem valve. By the way, lesi simiso se-"Priory" ngolaka eminye imibukiso okukhulu.

Nakuba igebe okukhona element futha kuyinto 0.8 microns kuphela, uwoyela namanje e esincane uya ngenqubo ekamelweni phakathi plunger kanye emkhonweni. Ngakho, plunger kancane eyehlisiwe. Ubukhulu drawdown kungase kuxhomeke inombolo linemibhikisho we crankshaft. Ngokwandisa RPM kunciphisa ukuvuza wokubacindezela uketshezi plunger.

Igebe (ngesikhathi lapho umlandeli cam ushiya cam-) inxephezelwa ukubuya entwasahlobo amandla futhi umthamo kawoyela. Lesi simiso yokusebenza imoto wokubacindezela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukwenzelela Isikhala eyengeziwe phakathi izakhi. Kungenzeka ukufinyelela ngenxa izixhumanisi kanzima phakathi ISIZINDA gas-ukusatshalaliswa indlela. Lapho injini heats, yezingxenye compensator osayizi nazo uyashintsha, kodwa lezi zinguquko ihlawulelwa cishe ngokushesha.

Ngebuhle nebubi

Ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo vumela abashayeli ukuba bagweme inqubo ukulungiswa valve imvume ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi injini baba ethambile. Kakhulu ziyancipha ukushaqeka imithwalo, okuvumela ukunweba ukuphila izingxenye nokwehlisa isikhathi nemisindo kwebhizinisi lapho uqhuba iyunithi. Lash, isimiso ke babezinika isikhathi ngaphezulu ukuba bagcine ngokunembile izigaba ukusatshalaliswa igesi. Lokhu kwathinta ukulondolozwa engcono kwamandla amayunithi, amandla, Dynamics kanye petrol.

Phakathi nemibi angawodwa izinga abampofu futhi ekuqaleni ezinomsindo yenjini abandayo. Esikhathini imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala ingcindezi lamafutha akukafiki ezingeni olufunayo, ngakho compensators kungaba ongqongqoza kancane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho izimoto angaphandle, ngoba isimiso okusebenzela kuyo ukuqhuma "I-Great Wall" akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela ngentuthuko yasekhaya.

Izizathu ophumayo esikhula ezingxenyeni ezithile zesimiso

Naphezu inkimbinkimbi umklamo, lezi amayunithi futhi behluleka. Ezimweni eziningi, isizathu ethandwa kakhulu - kungcono injini ezingcolile lubricating iziteshi. Noma bafake okunzima izingxenye tekusebenta backstop valve. Ukonakala okungenziwa singenzeka ngenxa uwoyela okungalungile, esikhundleni eyenziwa ngesikhathi esingafanele, noma ukuhlukaniswa lemifanekiso uwoyela.

Uma igebe luyanda kokwehla plunger umhlangano, inqubo uwoyela ukuvuza wande. Ukuqina kulahleka, nesebenzela tappet, ukusebenza yayo isimiso ngokuthi umthamo kawoyela kumele ngempela kube khona. Kwenzeka okufanayo uma kakhulu ezigugile ukubuya valve ekamelweni ingcindezi.

Ngaphakathi tappet kumelwe sisetshenziselwe wokubacindezela Lubrication uketshezi. Uma kukhona emoyeni ngalo ingaphakathi, izikhala kungukuthi ihlawulelwa ngokuphelele, uma ngaso sonke ngeke. Kulokhu, kungasiza ukulungisa ukuqhuma. Futhi, kungenzeka ukulungiswa okudingekayo uma nto washaya indlela ukubeka doti.

Indlela yokugwema kuso?

Kuyadingeka ukuba sihlale sihlanzekile ingaphakathi injini. Kunconywa ukuba esikhundleni njalo futhi begcoba izihlungi esikhathini Kunconywa ngumkhiqizi. Kufanele wageza njalo phambi esikhundleni injini igrisi. You azi ukuthi izikhala ezincane gizhrkompensatore ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kakhulu eliphezulu amafutha. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa zokwenziwa noma ephuma kabili zokwenziwa uwoyela naphakathi viscosity.

Ukuxilonga kanye nokulungiswa wokubacindezela

Xilonga nto ephukile kungaba isici engqongqoza. Khona-ke indlela osolisayo kukhishwe futhi zibukeke zihlolwe kokugqokwa futhi umonakalo. Uma into engcolile, kutuswa ukuba kugezelwe acetone.

Izakhi ayisebenzi kahle, kukhona okufakiwe okukhethekile ukuqhuma. Kusho ivumela ukuqeda izimbangela ezingokwenhlalo imisindo ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwe-mshini, futhi ahlanze ngempumelelo lento.