Ukwabela idivayisi, ukusebenza isikhathi. Yangaphakathi omlilo injini: mshini ukusatshalaliswa igesi

Negesi ukusatshalaliswa indlela imoto - omunye indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke endaweni design injini. Ukuphathwa eyanele kanye qeda valve, le yangaphakathi omlilo injini amanga ngokuphelele isikhathi. Mechanism elawula inqubo ngokugcwalisa uMbhalo uphethiloli emoyeni ingxube ngembobo esifike valve eyanele phakathi unhlangothi eyanele. Iphinde ilawula isikhathi kakade ukususwa qeda umoya ovela yangaphakathi omlilo ekamelweni - ivula valve qeda ku-stroke qeda.

isikhathi Kudivayisi

Imininingwane isikhathi imisebenzi ehlukene:

• I camshaft livaleke valve.
• Ukuhamba indlela kubangela camshaft ukuba ngesivinini ethile.
• Amaphayiphu ivule beyivale itheku futhi esidayisa iziteshi.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko isikhathi camshaft valve. Rotary noma ukusatshalaliswa, oluthi eyilungu ku ngalo Cams ahlelwe. Yena eliqhutshwa, uzungeza kuma amabombo. Ngesikhathi edonsa unhlangothi noma qeda Cams ngokufanele kwi shaft Ukujikeleza kuthiwa sicindezelwe ngokumelene lifters valve.

Isikhathi indlela isendaweni ikhanda isilinda. Inhloko isilinda has a camshaft kanye amabombo esuka kuye, rocker, ama-valve futhi valve lifters. Le ngxenye engenhla ikhanda avaliwe valve cap, sokushona okuyinto ayenza usebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile.

Isebenze wesikhathi

ukusebenza Isikhathi ngokugcwele ezazihambisana ukuthungela nophethiloli umjovo. Uma sikubeka kalula, uma ucindezela isinyathelo igesi kuvula lo mpintsha, edonsa komoya phakathi ezininginingi eyanele. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni. Ngemva kwalokho uqala lo mshini ukusatshalaliswa igesi. Isikhathi kwandisa throughput futhi ukhiqiza amagesi qeda esuka egumbini amandla omlilo. Ukuze enze kahle lo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukuthi imvamisa ephumela isikhathi itheku and qeda valve, yayiphezulu.

Amaphayiphu kuthiwa actuated distributor motor kushaft. Lapho injini speed uyanda, iqala ukujikisa ngokushesha kanye camshaft, okwandisa ukuvama ukuvulwa valve kokuvala. Ngenxa ukukhuphula ijubane injini, futhi ubuyela kuwo.

Inhlanganisela we crankshaft futhi camshaft kwenza ashise yangaphakathi omlilo injini inani emoyeni-fuel ingxube, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ukusebenza injini imodi inikezwe.

Izakhiwo isikhathi, uchungechunge nebhande

Camshaft isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo drive lingaphandle ikhanda isilinda. Ukuze ugweme uwoyela ukuvuza iphutha entanyeni kushaft itholakala indlala. Timing wesifunda kubangela lonke umphini indlela wenziwe futhi uhlangothi kuya sprocket enophephela noma isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo, kanye nezinye ezithwala amandla kusukela crankshaft.

Kusukela ibhande drive valve incike isakhiwo efanele futhi uhambisane we crankshaft futhi camshaft isihlobo komunye nomunye. Ngisho ngeziphambeko ezincane isikhundla okungenzeka kube isizathu ukuthi isikhathi, injini izohluleka.

Kuthathwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu uchungechunge ukudluliswa usebenzisa roller isikhathi, kodwa kukhona ezinye izinkinga edingekayo ibhande ukungezwani ezingeni. Inkinga eyinhloko ezibhekene nabashayeli okuyinto ejwayelekile indlela uchungechunge, kuba evulekile, okuvame ukubangela valve eguqa.

Phakathi kwezinye izakhi mshini zihlanganisa isikhathi roller esetshenziswa ukungezwani ibhande. I nemibi isikhathi uchungechunge drive, ngaphezu ingozi ukwehluleka zihlanganisa futhi ezingeni eliphezulu umsindo ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa futhi isidingo sokushintsha zonke amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 50-60.

valve igiya isixhumanisi

Umklamo mshini valve kuhlanganisa isihlalo valve, emkhonweni Umhlahlandlela, ukujikeleza indlela valve nezinye izakhi. Amandla kusukela camshaft idluliselwa induku noma eliphakathi nendawo - rocker ingalo noma rocker.

Izikhathi eziningi ungayithola amamodeli isikhathi adinga ukulungiswa njalo. imiklamo ezinjalo washers ekhethekile nezikulufi, ukujikeleza okuyinto embukisweni we nokusulwa kunesidingo. Ngezinye izikhathi izikhala ayagcinwa kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo: Lungisa indawo yabo wenza hydrojacks.

ukulawula isikhathi isinyathelo

Modern injini onobuhle iye yashintshwa abalulekile, kanye nokulawula izinhlelo ezintsha, okuncike microprocessors - okubizwa ngokuthi ECU. Emkhakheni wezingalo injini Injongo eyinhloko wayengeyena nje ukwandisa umthamo kodwa futhi ngamandla ukonga amayunithi kukhiqizwa.

Thuthukisa izinjini kokusebenza, kuyilapho ekunciphiseni petrol, kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ukusetshenziswa isikhathi control izinhlelo. Engine nge izinhlelo ezinjalo ibusa hhayi kuphela fuel kancane, kodwa akaphelelwa amandla, kangangokuthi zaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza imoto.

Umgomo we operation amasistimu ezinjalo ukulawula ijubane ukuzungeza isikhathi camshaft. Eqinisweni, valve zivulwa kancane ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi camshaft uzungeza ohlangothini ngokushintshana. Ngempela, izinjini yesimanje camshaft ayisekho uzungeza ngokuhlobene crankshaft nge speed njalo.

Umsebenzi eyinhloko ukugcwaliswa kahle kakhulu amasilinda injini kuye imodi yayo akhethiwe wokusebenza. izinhlelo ezinjalo ukuqapha isimo ingxube injini kanye yokudla efanele fuel: ngokwesibonelo, idling umthamo yayo encishisiwe cishe zimbalwa, kusukela inqwaba fuel ziyadingeka.

isikhathi

Kuye nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela injini yemoto kanye camshaft ngokukhethekile inombolo kanye nohlobo ngemoto ziyahlukahluka.

• Chain drive. Nokho ngandlela-thile ekuqaleni kwalo drive kwaba ezivamile, futhi manje esetshenziswa isikhathi injini diesel. Nale isakhiwo, a camshaft ise ikhanda isilinda, futhi inhlangano is eliqhutshwa drive chain kusukela pinion. Ububi lokhu drive - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi esikhundleni sebhande, njengoba itholakala ngaphakathi injini kuzuzwe Lubrication njalo.
• idrayivu Gear. Ogibele ogandaganda izinjini kwezinye izimoto. okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuba silondoloze. A camshaft lokhu indlela itholakala ngezansi block isilinda, lapho igiya camshaft linamathela igiya crankshaft. Uma isikhathi lolu hlobo beze labhidlika, injini lashintsha cishe ngokuphelele.
• Ziyisivikelo drive. Uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu efakwe kwi likaphethiloli powertrains e izimoto ezithwala.

Izinzuzo nezingozi idrayivu ibhande

Ziyisivikelo drive ithole kwayo ngenxa zako uma ziqhathaniswa izinhlobo ezifanayo oshayelayo.

• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo ukukhiqizwa esakhiweni esifana nzima iketanga, kubiza ishibhile.
• Akudingi Lubrication njalo, ukuze idrayivu iye onikezwe ohlangothini elingaphandle amandla iyunithi. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla isikhathi futhi uphethwe ngenxa ye kakhulu saba ngcono.
• Njengoba izingxenye zensimbi ibhande Drive hhayi nihlanganyele njengoba iketanga, kunomsindo ngesikhatsi operation kwehle kakhulu.

Naphezu inani elikhulu izinzuzo, babe idrayivu ibhande nemibi yayo. ukusebenza inkathi ibhande izikhathi eziningana ngaphansana iketango esibangela esikhundleni njalo. Endabeni ibhande zokugwema ukuphuka kungenzeka ukwenze ukulungisa yonke injini.

Imiphumela ukuphulwa noma buthakathaka ibhande isikhathi

Uma isikhathi uchungechunge amakhefu, ukwanda umsindo ezingeni ngesikhathi ukusebenza injini. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ezifana akubi imbangela okuthile impracticable ngokuya ukulungisa, ngokungafani ibhande isikhathi. Lapho ziba ngcono ibhande futhi yokweqa izinyo igiya kuyinto ukuphazamiseka kancane operation evamile zonke izindlela futhi izinhlelo. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungacacisa avuse ukuncipha kwamandla injini, kukhuphuke vibration ngesikhatsi ukuhlinzwa, ukubulawa nzima. Uma ibhande ngokushesha wagxuma ngendlela amazinyo ambalwa noma ngokuphelele ziklebhukile, imiphumela ingaba ezingalindelekile kakhulu.

Inketho ayinangozi kakhulu - kuba Ukungqubuzana le piston kanye valve. amandla umthelela luyoba olwanele ukugoba valve. Ngezinye izikhathi kwanele ukuze agobe induku noma ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe piston.

Omunye ukwehluleka enkulu imoto siphukile isikhathi ibhande. Injini khona-ke kuyomelwe noma adalule kulungiswe ezinkulu noma kulungiswe ephelele.

Izikhungo isikhathi ibhande

Izinga ibhande ukungezwani futhi isimo sayo jikelele - omunye njalo kunazo ihlolwe ngesikhathi yesondlo imoto izici. Imvamisa ukuhlolwa incike ukwakheka ethile futhi imodeli lomshini. Inqubo Control Isikhathi ibhande ukungezwani: injini zihlolwe, ikhava zokuzivikela esuswa ibhande whereupon mithandazo lwahlolwa ukuze curling. Ngalesi zokukhwabanisa awusebenzi uphendukisa engaphezu kuka-90 degrees. Kungenjalo, ibhande is some ngosizo imishini ekhethekile.

kangakanani esikhundleni ibhande isikhathi?

Gcwalisa indawo ibhande inikezwe wonke amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane 50-70 of run imoto. Kungaba afeze futhi ngokuvamile esimweni umonakalo noma ukubukeka iminonjana babhekane nezinga elikhulu nokusasamba.

Kuye ohlotsheni nokuba yinkimbinkimbi isikhathi ushintsho inqubo ibhande esikhundleni. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezimbili isikhathi asetshenziswa izimoto - amabili (DOHC) noma omunye (SOHC) camshafts.

yomiselela isikhathi

Ukuze afeze esikhundleni isikhathi ibhande uhlobo SOHC, ngokwanele ukuba babe khona ingxenye entsha kanye nesethi isikudilayiva okhiye.

Khipha kuqala Ikesi lokuvikela ngebhande. Yena abethela noma ku isiqhebezo noma ibhawudo. Ngemva kokukhipha ikhava enikeza ukufinyelela ibhande.

Ngaphambi athambise ibhande, wamisa izimpawu isikhathi kwi sprocket camshaft kanye crankshaft. On the crankshaft emamaki ezibekwe phezu ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza. Cranks kuze kube isikhathi uphawu ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza izindlu futhi zihambisana nomunye. Uma zonke izimpawu uqondane nomunye, aqale ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi ususe ibhande.

Ukuze ususe ibhande kolenchatnogo pinion shaft, kumele ahlukanisa isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo isikhathi. Ngenxa yale njongo, lo jacking imoto futhi wasusa isondo kwesokudla enikeza ukufinyelela ibhawudo isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo. Ezinye zazo yilezi izimbobo lapho ungakwazi ukukhiya crankshaft. Uma bengakwenzi, bese kushaft iqinile endaweni eyodwa, ukubeka ku ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza indandatho ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela nokugcizelela ke emzimbeni. Ngemva kwalokho, lo isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo iyasuswa.

Ukufinyelela ibhande isikhathi kuba usuvulekile, futhi usukulungele ukususa. I sigqoka ezintsha igiya crankshaft bese ebambelela futha amanzi, futhi zigqokwe sprocket camshaft. Ukuze tensioning ibhande isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo waholelwa baphendukela zokugcina. Phela, ungabuyela izinto ukubeka oda reverse. Ingabe kuphela qinisa ibhande usebenzisa tensioner.

Ngaphambi kokuqala injini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukushintshanisa crankshaft izikhathi eziningana. Ukwenza kube ukuhlola kuqondana amalebula nangemva ukuzungeza kushaft. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukuthi injini isiqalile.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule nqubo isikhathi ibhande esikhundleni

On izimoto nge DOHC isikhathi ibhande uhlelo esikhundleni ngokuhlukile kancane. kakhulu imininingwane ekushintsheni isimiso okufana nalokho okuchazwe ngenhla, kodwa ukufinyelela kuso kusuka imishini enjalo kunzima kakhulu ngoba kunamaseli eqondiswa imishudo ezinoqwembe zokuzivikela.

Ngo inqubo ukuqondanisa izimpawu kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi indlela cam e ezimbili, ngokulandelana, kuzo zombili amalebula kumelwe uvumelane ngokugcwele.

Kulezi izimoto, ngaphezu roller Umhlahlandlela, futhi roller ukwesekwa. Nokho, naphezu roller yesibili, ibhande lufakwa phezu roller Umhlahlandlela ne tensioner e baphendukela yakamuva.

Ngemva ibhande elisha ifakiwe, qinisekisa ilebula ukuhambisana.

Kanyekanye ibhande ezinamasondo ukufaka esikhundleni kimi njengoba ukusebenza kwabo kuba igama elifanayo. Kuyinto uyelulekwa ukuhlola isimo ketshezi futha amabombo ukuthi emva inqubo yokufaka izingxenye ezintsha zokulinganisa isikhathi ukuhluleka kwe-futha akubi ukumangala ezingemnandi.