Mayelana nokuthi ulwandle luvelaphi umbono wesayensi

Namuhla, wonke ingane cishe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zakhe azi ukuthi ulwandle luni. Sonke sithatha abantwana ukuba baphumule ogwini lwamanzi usawoti, baphefumule umoya ogcwele ion iodine, futhi konke lokhu ngenxa yokuphulukisa, ukuqiniswa kokuzivikela kanye nenjabulo. Kodwa njengoba izingane zingena esikoleni, futhi ohlelweni lwabo zikhona izifundo kwi geography, ulwandle alona nje indawo yokuchitha amaholide, kodwa futhi isihloko esihlukile okufanele sifundwe futhi sinikezwe. Kuyini olwandle kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi, yini ekhonjiswe yiyo nokuthi yini ehlukile kwamanye emithanjeni yamanzi namabhasi, sizocabangela khona manje.

Ukuchazwa kwegama eliyinhloko

Ulwandle luyingxenye ehlukile yolwandle lonke lomhlaba. Njengomthetho, lawa manzi ahlukaniswa ukukhululeka okhethekile, okungaphansi kokuqina kwawo, noma umhlaba. Kuyinto futhi ukuthi noma yiluphi ulwandle, ngisho noma lufika obala olwandle, luphila impilo yaso. Ngaphezulu kwawo, izimo zezulu azizona ezinzima kakhulu futhi zibukhali njengenhla kwesibhakabhaka.

Ngokufanayo, izinto zithuthuka ngaphansi kwamanzi - impilo iyalinganiswa, ihlazile, ayikho izinguquko ezibukhali emigudini ebanda futhi efudumele, ukuqhuma okujulile kanye nama-whirlpools amakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho ivaliwe livaliwe umhlaba, imifino ehlukene kakhulu iyahlolwa kuyo. Ngempela, kungaba kuhle ukucabanga ukuthi sharks whale ngeke akwazi ukufika olwandle lwaseCaspian emanzini ase-Atlantic.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa izilwandle emhlabeni

Ngombono ojwayelekile walokho olwandle, sikucabanga. Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo zamanqamu anjalo amanzi. Okokuqala, ulwandle luvulekile futhi luvaliwe. Esikhathini sokuqala, zihlobene nezinye, izikhumba zamanzi amakhulu (ulwandle olukhulu noma olwandle). Isibonelo, i-Azov ine-Black, eyesibili - eya eMedithera, neyokugcina - eya e- Atlantic Ocean. Kodwa i-Caspian Sea, eqinisweni, ilwandle lasawoti, njengoba kungenakulinganiswa nendawo enkulu yamanzi.

Imingcele yolwandle nayo ihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nezici ezikhethekile ze-microclimate kanye nabakhileyo kule ndawo noma leyo ngxenye yamanzi. Isibonelo, i- Aegean Sea ebalazweni yingxenye yeMedithera. Phakathi kwazo akukho zwe, akukho ukuphakama okuphansi komhlaba noma okungekho emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi nezilwane ezihlala emanzini alawa mazwe amabili zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.

Yini enye engaba ilwandle?

Ngokuvamile ulwandle lubizwa ngokuthi izindawo ezinkulu ze-oceanic. Kwezinye zazo, eqinisweni, i-stratum ehlukene yezemvelo neye-hydrological yakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti amanye asehlala engxenyeni yolwandle lwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, iGulf of Mexico izakhamuzi eziningi zamazwe azungezile kuthiwa yizilwandle, kuyilapho kulamanzi akukho lutho oluhlukile e-Atlantic.

Ekuseduze uLwandle lwaseCaribbean luhlukaniswe kuphela neziqhingi ezivela emanzini amakhulu, noma yikuphi okuncane kakhulu kuye. Umakhelwane walezi zimbi ezimbili zemvelo yiLwandle iSargasso, ogama lakhe lingena phakathi kwe-Atlantic Ocean ekude. Nokho, leli gama lisetshenziswe kuphela ngoba lesi sifunda sizungezwe izinhlangothi ezihlukene ngamagxolo amathathu.

Ulwandle olungaphezu kweplanethi yethu

Futhi umqondo walokho olwandle, futhi uqonde izazi zezinkanyezi. Izindawo kuphela zocwaningo lwabo zihamba ngaphesheya kwezwe. Njengomthetho, leli gama libhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokulasha, izimbiza ezinkulu kakhulu, ezivame ukubunjwa ngenxa yokushayisana nge-asteroids, ama-craters. Uma uqala ukutadisha imephu yenyanga noma i-Mars, uzothola ukuthi akulona "ulwandle" olulodwa olungenawo amanzi. Ngakho lezo zingxenye ezimnyama zobuso bezimpawu ze-cosmic zibizwa ngokuthi, ezifomeni zazo zisikhumbuza izilwandle zethu zasemhlabeni. Mhlawumbe, uma kwakukhona isimo kulezi maplanethi, lezi zikhubekiso zingagcwaliswa ngamanzi futhi ziqonde ngokugcwele amagama abo.

Lapho ungazitholela khona

Izilwandle, ezibalwe ngezansi, zithandwa kakhulu ngokuzilibazisa. Ngakho-ke, zonke izingane kufanele zikwazi indawo, izici nesimo sezulu. Phakathi kwazo kuzoba nezindawo ezinkulu, ezifana kakhulu nolwandle. Ngakho, lokhu kuMnyama, i-Azov, iMedithera, i-Aegean, i-Adriatic, i-Red, iCaribbean, i-Andaman, iLwandle elwandle, i- Persian Gulf.