UkuhambaIzinkomba

Chauvet Umgede, France: eyingqayizivele eqoshwe emadwaleni

Rock imidwebo emihumeni, senziwe ezikhathini komlando, kukhona into ososayensi ucwaningo emhlabeni wonke. Le Umdwebo ubhekwa the sikakhokho yobuciko kanye nokudalwa emangalisayo ibukeke isithombe ezimbili-ntathu. Namuhla sikhuluma yobuciko umxhwele kakhulu kwesokunxele indoda bakudala emhumeni eningizimu yeFrance, esigodini eMfuleni Ardèche.

Kuvaliwe ukuvakashela Chauvet Umgede

somlando yezwe, efakwe njengendlela UNESCO Site, ivaliwe ukufinyelela komphakathi, kusukela kunoma iyiphi ushintsho nomswakama ngeke esilimaza isimo imidwebo yakudala. Nje abavubukuli ezimbalwa, ngokuqinile ukugcina ukulinganiselwa ezivumelekile amahora ambalwa ngaphansi komhlaba, izibalo okuyinto ukutshela wokuphila lempilo yabantu lasendulo.

A yokuthola eyingqayizivele eningizimu yeFrance

Abahlukile Chauvet Umgede (grotte Chauvet), beyizidlova 800 metres ubude, lavulwa ngo-1994 ngu-speleologists ezintathu, wathola ingxenye wangcwatshwa yokungena unexamined wobuciko zemvelo. Ososayensi, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu nezitebhisi emhumeni igalari, eye alondolozwe izinsalela rocks eminyakeni eminingi edlule, abangu stupefied imibukiso esiyingqayizivele: bathola idwala imidwebo, walondoloza kahle futhi masterfully ababulawa. Abacwaningi bathi lesi silwane nameless bemvelo luphakeme lingakanani kanye nenani izithombe zonke ezazaziwa lolu hlobo izakhiwo ngomshoshaphansi.

Izici imidwebo nezindlela kwesicelo sabo

Chauvet Umgede (France), yaqanjwa omunye ososayensi abasithola ngesintu waqunywa wasuka ezweni elingaphandle by amatshe Lesi sibalo sehle sisuka esikhathini Ice Age, okuholela idwala imidwebo walondoloza ngokuphelele. Izwe komhlaba yakhiwa amakamelo amathathu ivulekile zixhunywe imihubhe eside. Emihumeni imidwebo emibili eyenziwe nge ocher obomvu, futhi kule minyaka lokuqopha waphawula futhi izingcezu abamnyama.

On the izindonga camera ngemifanekiso ezingaphezu kuka-400, zososayensi ukumangala kwakuwukuthi ukuthi bakudala abahlala emgedeni akabuyisanga kuphela izilwane zawo ezingelwa, kodwa futhi uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi esesabekayo njengamabhongo ezingonyama nasezimpisini. Njengoba ososayensi, kukhona lenqwaba obhejane isithombe izimbangi amandla ka-mammoth.

isilwane ezingasekho nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani mayelana ezintathu ekhanda ukuthi wawuhlotshiswe okusezingeni eliphezulu uphondo ubude phezu imitha elilodwa, kwaba uhlaza, kodwa wathukuthela kakhulu, futhi lokhu kufakazelwa yesigameko obhejane empini Chauvet emhumeni. Ngemva kwezifundo leli nani liphindeke neyaziwayo njengoba endala kakhulu emhlabeni.

"I abaculi enkulu»

Kukhona esinye isici eyayikhanga ukunakwa Ochwepheshe: ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise upende, abantu ngokuphelele ukugeza angabekwa odongeni, nama-altare empepho zenziwa ngobuciko ukuthi cavers kusimangaze ikhono lakhe. Ilinganisele obangelwa ukukhanya nethunzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa ngezabelo Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ukuba ososayensi, ukusungula engu-rock imidwebo - eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 35-37, nakuba usuku oluqondile namanje kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa impikiswano enkulu.

Ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela le art idwala, bathi umuntu bakudala, zaveza ke, angabizwa ngokuthi umculi omkhulu. izithombe sidilizwa ezitholakala France, kukhona art benza ubufebe, okuyinto abonakala ofanele futhi ezihlukahlukene engele.

Rock imidwebo, wenza isiyaluyalu eside emhlabeni yesayensi

Umgede imidwebo Chauvet emhumeni - izibonelo ezinhle imidwebo ekuqaleni kwesikhathi Paleolithic, kodwa awaveli alula eyayivela Nokho, ngokuvumelana ngezigaba eyaziwa usosayensi A. Leroi-Gourhan, imidwebo emhumeni kwakumelwe ube izindawo ethafeni nemigqa. Umvubukuli French kanye Isazi, owathi art Sisuka bakudala kuya kokulukhuni, akazange alindele ukuvela enjalo sekwedlule aqoshiwe.

Nice ukuhlola emihumeni Chauvet, izibalo okuyinto ibheke phansi zonke izinkolelo-mbono eziphathelene ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko, buye baphoqa ososayensi ukucabanga mayelana illegitimacy kwanoma iyiphi nohlaka yasungulwa futhi ngeengaba.

amazinga lwasekuqaleni noma okusezingeni eliphezulu abaculi lasendulo?

abacwaningi French baye basikisela ukuthi abantu ekuseni babesazi ngombono kanye chiaroscuro, futhi engavamile engeli ikhamera bekhungathekile ochwepheshe abaningi. Njengoba ojwayelekile, izibalo bheka static futhi idwala azithola kahle wasithatha Dynamics kanye nohlobo isilwane, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu isikhathi Paleolithic, futhi ngokuyinhloko ukushintsha umqondo abantu bakudala.

Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso ihhashi egijima emhumeni Chauvet, futhi ungami, amabhubesi abadlala zinyathi, futhi uzalela nowesabekayo, futhi bheka, ehlele phezu komuntu. Futhi abaculi bakudala ezihambisana ngokuvumelana kuhlanganisiwe imidwebo endaweni evamile isiboshwa. It kuvela ukuthi ekuqaleni abantu bokuqala kwadingeka ikhono nobuciko ezingeni eliphezulu.

Abahlukile emhumeni imidwebo

Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba abantu bakudala kamuva isikhathi akazange ashiye ikhona iminonjana ngaphandle amnyama kusukela izimbaqa. Rock imidwebo bayamangala iqiniso lokuthi bangabuka izithombe kwezilwane ezingaziwa, zazo umlando bathulile. Tibangela isithakazelo Amazing phakathi Izazi. Ngokwesibonelo, yokuqothulwa mammoth kunobhejane kukhona omakhelwane nomakhelwane, unqunu ngokuphelele. Futhi wezingonyama ukuboniswa ezindongeni, akukho mane ajwayelekile.

Isithombe nabantu emhumeni kuncane, nakuba kukhona bobunjwa eziyinqaba, okusikhumbuza akusilo elomuntu futhi isidalwa kumnandi ne inhloko zinyathi.

Kodwa, mhlawumbe, isithombe ngakuthathu kwakheka ekhosombeni sesiwa, angabizwa ngokuthi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu. Ziyakwazi Sinesithakazelo esikhulu Ochwepheshe futhi zenziwa besebenzisa izinqubo azisebenzi ikuphi. Ososayensi bathi lo okuthiwa Paleolithic izithombe ezimele isithombe nentaba imali efana laminated komunye nomunye, futhi lapho sigameko ukukhanya izimbaqa isithombe, kuba 'siphila. "

ososayensi ucwaningo

Ongoti, amaphethini abathintekayo ubudala, uye kabusha umlando futhi wathola ukuthi Chauvet Umgede isibe into komsebenzi womuntu lasendulo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 37 edlule, futhi ngaphambi kokuba kuhlale amabhere, okuyinto njengabakhulu kunani isisindo brown yesimanje. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza abaningi amathambo atholakala basonta nomzingeli okukhulu, nakuba abanye abacwaningi abathi ukuthi kukhulekwa izakhamizi ababethi isilwane ihlelo.

Phela, emhumeni Chauvet, isithombe aqoshiwe engeke abashiye ubani nandaba, ayizange bezilokhu owakhiwe. eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili lalingenalutho, nososayensi baye exhumene leli qiniso nezinguquko Geological le planethi, ngokukhethekile, ne kwenhlabathi yamadwala.

engamashumi amabili nambili ukutadisha komhlaba amahholo, ososayensi, futhi izifundo ezingaphezu kuka-350 sezenziwe ukusungula ukuphola emidwebo izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise Radiocarbon Dating. Nokho, ngokusho kongoti, ngisho lokhu ukuhlaziywa alanele ukusungula engu yesithombe kweqiniso.

izimfihlo isiboshwa

Chauvet Umgede, kubhekwe ezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu komlando emhlabeni yobuciko yombango izimfihlo eziningi, ngoba, kwacaca ukuthi, it akazange aphile isikhathi eside abantu, kodwa kuphela ukudala izithombe. A bear skull etsheni elikhulu ubonisa ukuthi emhumeni yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo indawo yokukhulekela kwezilwane namasiko imilingo. Ososayensi baye ukutolika ahlukene okutholakele, kodwa izimpendulo esichazayo kodwa abangenakukwazi ukukunikeza.

Ikhophi emhumeni

Ngo-2015, umcimbi obalulekile emhlabeni kwamasiko: eFrance, kwakukhona ikhophi emhumeni abadumile, emnyango lapho ivaliwe, futhi ngonyaka isikhungo esiyingqayizivele wavakashelwa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-350. abayizigidi ezingu amahlanu nanhlanu euro sasetshenziswa i sivale indlela engena emgedeni yokufakelwa, ukukhiqiza futhi ngokunembile amahholo ivulekile, imidwebo yakudala ngisho elilengayo.

Yikuphi baba sombuso ezobuciko eYurophu emhumeni, okuyinto amakhophi umthombo wokuqala wanoma isithombe phansi nemininingwane emincane, elinde wonke umuntu ukuba uthinte imfihlakalo nangenkathi esidlule.

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