Chile: labantu, usayizi waso, ukuminyana kanye nokwakheka National

Chile iyizwe, okuyinto ingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Ubude izwe ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu imayelana ayizinkulungwane 4 amakhilomitha, kuyilapho ububanzi esiphezulu - mayelana 200 amakhilomitha. Omunye izici ezithakazelisayo kukhambelana nenomboro kwezakhamuzi Chile: isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke libhekene ukukhula aphansi endaweni zwekazi American.

ikoloni

Njengoba ucwaningo lokubala ubuningi babantu phakathi nayo yonke inkathi wamakoloni efika kuleli zwe, ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kusukela 50 kuya kwezingu-75 abaMhlophe. Iningi noku Bonke babeyizinceku Basque neSpanishi. Phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye lapho lawela amaJalimane angaba yizinkulungwane 20. Ngo zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, abameleli ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane yeYurophu abafudukela eChile. Inani labantu base-lizwe ngesikhathi ikoloni layo liye landa ngamaphesenti ayizinkulungwane 250 abavela kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi mancane uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo emazweni angomakhelwane-South America. Ngakho, kukhona manje sinesizathu esizwakalayo sokukholwa ukuthi uhlanga lwasendaweni mhlawumbe ngenxa ukuxuba izifiki Aboriginal neSpanishi.

ukwakheka kaZwelonke

Uma sikhuluma Ukwakheka kazwelonke, kucatshangwa ukuthi labantu Chile is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ezinkulu ezintathu. Eyokuqala yalezi kukhona nabantu bomdabu. akhawunti Bona cishe 7% abantu sebebonke ohlala endaweni isimo. Abomdabu edume kunazo nazi Araucania, abangaphezu abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Ezinye izizwe aziziningi kangako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zazo zingabantu on the esengozini yokuqothulwa.

Iqembu lesibili yobuhlanga - lweSpanishi abaseChile, emelela inzalo bamakoloni lokuqala kuleli zwe. kuhlangana wabo ne lalolo hlanga kwaholela yokuthi manje akhawunti cishe 92% labantu base.

Iqembu lesithathu limelela abokufika European. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iningi lawo lalingabantu abaseSpain futhi Basques. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili eChile sathuthela abantu abaningi kusukela UK, eFrance, eJalimane, e-Italy ne-Croatia. Namhlanje, abaHlakazekile yezwe ngalinye has abantu ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi.

Omunye akufanele bayakhohlwa abakhileyo e-Easter Island kungokwalabo eChile. Ngoba lezizinto ikakhulu emelelwa zasePolynesia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-isimo abahlala emphakathini ngempela enethonya elikhulu Swiss amaJuda, Dutch namaGreki.

ezahlukahlukene nabanamsiko

Inani labantu base-Chile, inani okuyinto njengoba namhlanje nje nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-17, zingahlukaniswa zibe ezintathu isigaba seminyaka yobudala. On akhawunti intsha ikota labantu kuleli zwe, futhi asebekhulile - 8% kuphela. Isilinganiso sokuphila abesifazane engu-80, kuyilapho amadoda - iminyaka 73,3. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, isimo elinesimo aphansi kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso kwaqobe mnyaka kunombolo abahlali, kusukela Eighties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, akazange ukunqoba ezingeni 1.7%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingasaphathwa yokwehla kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva usana bebeletha.

Izindawo

ukusatshalaliswa Abaningana impela engalingani zezakhamuzi - kungenye isici eChile. isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke bagxila ikakhulu ezindaweni ezimaphakathi of the state. mayelana 67% wabantu abahlala kuzo. Uma isilinganiso kwabantu labantu kuleli zwe abantu 22 square kilometre, esikhathini eSantiago isifinyelele uphawu 355 izakhamuzi. Lona isibalo esiphezulu eChile. Ezindaweni enyakatho ngayinye square kilometre ka bebathathu ngokwesilinganiso, futhi eningizimu - akukho engaphezu kweyodwa. AboMdabu base bahlala ikakhulu eningizimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthambekela okwesikhathi kuthuthwa kancane kancane amaNdiya ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.

ulimi

State kuleli zwe ubhekwa Spanish. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba iningi abaseChile, kuba bomdabu. Lalolo hlanga yeChile wakwazi kakhulu ukugcina izinhlobo eziningi ezilimini zokhokho babo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulimi lweSpanishi esetshenziselwa nekufundzisa etikolweni, kanye iningi abamele Aboriginal ukuxhumana nomunye.

inkolo

Izakhamuzi eziningi bangamaRoma Katolika. Bayakhothama-70% bonke abakholwayo abaseChile. Mayelana 15% abantu bendawo bazibheke ukunyakaza YamaProthestani ehlukahlukene (ngokuvamile amaPentecostal). AmaNdiya wawulokhu abathembekile isiko, ngakho-ke abathi inkolo yabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSonto LamaRoma Katolika linendima ebalulekile, hhayi nje kuphela kodwa futhi e impilo zezombusazwe ka izwe. Ikakhulukazi, it is bahileleke ekuziphatheni insimu ka izinguquko ezihlukahlukene.

KwamaDorobha futhi umsebenzi

Ngokuvamile, i-State uthathwa njengomunye wezinye emadolobheni kunawo wonke kulo lonke Ningizimu Melika. I kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni yeChile seyihlanganisa 86% yesizwe sonkana, okuningi kwakho okubangelwa bagxila kulezi zindawo ezimbili emaphakathi uSantiago Valparaiso. Imizi ngobukhulu yezwe Kwamiswa ngesikhatsi sebukholoni, ngakho akumangalisi ukwakheka yobuhlanga bezakhamuzi zakhona. Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi inzalo abanqobi Spanish futhi abantu bendawo abo. ikakhulukazi yasemaphandleni uhlala zokungcebeleka kanye ngamaqembu amancane ezindaweni.

Zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko labantu Chile - iyona inkonzo wemboni, umkhakha kanye nezolimo. Ngayinye yalezi imikhakha akhawunti ngokulandelana 63, 23 no-40 angu-inani eliphelele izakhamuzi enamandla. Kepha lizinga lalabamnyama labangasebenti esimweni, kuba ngezithuba 8.5%.