Siyini "into ngokwako" ifilosofi? "Into ngokwako," Kant

Siyini "into ngokwako» (Ding i Sich)? Le nkulumo ibhekisela ifilosofi ukuba khona izinto ngokwabo, hhayi mayelana nolwazi lwabo, okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basuke wafunda. Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini Kant wathi, kumelwe acabangele ukuthi umqondo we "into ngokwako" ke inezincazelo eziningi, futhi kuhlanganisa nezincazelo ezimbili eziyisisekelo. Okokuqala, kwakusho ukuthi ulwazi izinto aziphilele ngawodwa abe yizinto, ngaphandle amafomu okunengqondo futhi enengqondo, ngawo ziqondakala ukuqaphela kwethu.

Kulesi mqondo, "into ngokwakho," Kant kusho ukuthi noma yimaphi ukuwathuthukisa ushona ulwazi kuba khona ulwazi kuphela asho into, kodwa hhayi izinto ngokwabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwenzeka amafomu subjective okucabanga futhi unembeza. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Kant ukholelwa ukuthi ngisho wezibalo kuyinto isayensi ngqo, akubonisi ngokoqobo inhloso, ngakho-ke lithembeke kithi kuphela, njengoba kubonakala ne esingokwemvelo Kithi amafomu priori okucabanga futhi unembeza.

Cognition ngombono Kant sika

Siyini "into ngokwako" ngoba Kant? Lokhu isikhathi nendawo, okuyizinto ngesisekelo ukunemba wezibalo, izibalo kanye geometry. Leli akulona uhlobo khona kwezinto ngqo, futhi izinhlobo unembeza wethu, akuyona kuyabonakala namanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, causality, izidakamizwa kanye nokuxhumana akuzona izinto sezinto, kungcono amafomu priori ekuqondeni kwethu kuphela. Umqondo wesayensi , isimiso, akusho ukopisha izinto zobujamo, iwela esigabeni sezinto ebekwa isizathu ku "izinto". Kant ukholelwa ukuthi izakhiwo ahlinzekwa yi-isayensi, musa kuxhomeke ukuphazamiseka ngamunye endabeni ethile, kodwa azikwazi wagomela ngokuthi imithetho, nesayensi yebuhlakani, ezimele ukwazi.

ulwazi Limited futhi angenamkhawulo Kant

Ikhono ukufunda futhi kungaba elinganiselwe futhi engenamkhawulo. Kant uthi isayensi enokwehla Alinamkhawulo ukuba ushona wayo kanye ukunwetshwa. Ngokugcina nekuhlatiya imihlola thina engena ijule imvelo, futhi owazi kude kangakanani singaya nalezi zikhathi.

Noma kunjalo, i-Science, ngokuvumelana Kant, kungaba elinganiselwe. Kulokhu, ibhekisela yokuthi nganoma yisiphi ushona kanye ukunwetshwa ulwazi lwesayensi hhayi ungadlulela ngalé ifomu okunengqondo, ngawo kukhona ulwazi inhloso engokoqobo. Okungukuthi, ngisho noma siyakwazi ukuhlola ngokugcwele zemvelo, asisoze bakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ezingaphezu kwemikhawulo nemvelo.

Incognisability "izinto ngokwabo"

"Into ngokwako" - okungukuthi, eqinisweni, umbono wokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa efanayo. Kant wasikisela ukuthi imfundiso yakhe we amafomu priori okucabanga futhi unembeza efika unqobe kugxeka ka Hume kanye abagxeki lasendulo, kodwa empeleni umqondo wakhe we umnqopho kanye nezincazelo edidayo. Iqiniso ukuthi, ngokwendlela Kant, kuyinto "Injongo", eqinisweni, kuyehla ngokuphelele wonke jikelele ukuswela, okuyinto libhekisela kuzo njengemimoya incazelo priori ka ukuzwa nokuqonda. Ngenxa yalokho, ungumthombo omkhulu wazo "umnqopho" uthola ngendaba efanayo, hhayi emhlabeni zangaphandle langempela, okuyinto kubonakala ayekhulekela yolwazi bokusungula.

"Into ngokwako" ifilosofi

Kuchaziwe ngenhla ngalokho okwakushiwo "into ngokwakho," Kant isetshenziswe kuphela uma bezama ukuchaza ukuthi kungenzeka eqondile wesayensi zezibalo kanye zemvelo. Kodwa ngokubonisa ukuthi ulungile umbono wefilosofi bakhe kuhambisana nemigomo, ke Uthola incazelo ethe ukuhluka. Ngakho-ke yini ngokuthi "into ngokwako" e nefilosofi Kant sika? Kulokhu, lisho izinto ezithile zomhlaba stroke - inkululeko yencazelo wezenzo zomuntu, futhi awufi uNkulunkulu njengombusi isizathu kwemvelo futhi iqiniso emhlabeni. Izimiso zokuziphatha Kant sika futhi ihilela lokhu ukuqonda "izinto ngokwabo."

Isazi sefilosofi waqaphela ukuthi indoda sizalwa nawo ineradicable okubi futhi aliziphikisi kokuphila komphakathi Kwabenza. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi wayeqiniseka ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu unxanela isimo ngokuthula phakathi isimo zokuziphatha kwengqondo nokuziphatha. Futhi, ngokuvumelana Kant, lokhu kuvumelana bungatholakala hhayi enokwehla, kodwa emhlabeni stroke. Impela ukuze ahlinzeke ukuze izwe zokuziphatha, Kant ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini "into ngokwako". Ukuze izwe "imihlola," Uyalandisa ubunjalo kanye izenzakalo zalo njengento ulwazi lwesayensi, futhi kuleli zwe "izinto ngokwabo" - ukungafi, inkululeko futhi uNkulunkulu.

incognisability kwendikimba

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, "into ngokwakho," Kant uthi indlela yokumazi, futhi incognisability - noma nini futhi kwezinto, futhi ngomqondo obanzi zingenakunqobeka yinoma yimuphi ulwazi lwendabuko kanye intuthuko. Nkulunkulu ayikho indlela yokumazi ngakho "Into e ize ngobumsulwa." ukhona abakwazi ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphika. UNkulunkulu ukhona - lena postulate okucabanga. Man encenga ukuthi uNkulunkulu kusekelwe ebufakazini umsindo, futhi kubaluleka categorical ka nonembeza. It kuvela ukuthi kuleli cala, Kant wagxeka isizathu lokugcizelela futhi baqinise ukholo. Imikhawulo ngalo osebenza ku isizathu theory - kuba ngemingcele kufanele ayeke isayensi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umkhuba ukholo. Ukholo kufanele libe ngaphandle kwalezi imingcele futhi babe invulnerable.

ifomu Kant sika ukukhohliseka

Ukuze uthumele ikhambi izingxabano futhi aliziphikisi - the kwezenhlalo-zomlando futhi zokuziphatha - emhlabeni aqondakale, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa incazelo idealist ka nemiqondo eyisisekelo nefilosofi theory. Kant khona idealist zefilosofi nemfundiso yokuziphatha, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yakhe ithiyori yolwazi emibonweni yami. Kodwa kunalokho, kunalokho, imfundiso kwaba uyiphupho, ngoba ifilosofi umlando nasezimisweni zokuziphatha babe emibonweni yami. German izikhathi ngokoqobo Kant inqatshelwe ngokuphelele ithuba ukuxazulula ukungaboni ngaso yangempela yokuphila nomphakathi umkhuba futhi amathuba reflection yabo ezanele ngomcabango theory.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isimo zefilosofi of Kant ithuthukiswe vein yendabuko ukukhohliseka ngaphansi kwethonya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Hume, futhi nomunye - Leibniz, Wolff. Ukuphikisana kulezi amasiko bese uzama ukuhlaziya ekusebenzelaneni kwabo uboniswa imfundiso Kant ku imikhawulo kanye namafomu yolwazi evumelekile.