China Natural Resources: ukuhlolwa kanye nokusetshenziswa

izinsiza Abaningana impela ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene zemvelo e China - ezweni oluthatha usayizi wendawo endaweni yesithathu ngemva Russia nase-Canada. ukusetshenziswa Economic wabo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise indawo kanye izimo zezulu.

geography Izici

Iningi China, wonke awo abayizigidi ezingu 9.6 square metres. km, imbozwe izintaba namagquma. Entshonalanga yezwe ithafa Kunawo Wonke Emhlabeni Tibetan cishe 4.5 amakhilomitha okusezingeni eliphezulu. Uzungezwe yinhlangano edumile izintaba - zaseHimalaya, Kunlun, Karakoram, Tien Shani. izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo China ngenxa insimu kunalokho olunzulu futhi enwetshiwe.

Okuningi sivumelane kwezomnotho emathafeni umsebenzi akhawunti cishe 30% endaweni ingqikithi China. Namanje mayelana amabili nanhlanu amaphesenti insimu kuyinto endaweni engamamitha 500 m ngaphezu kolwandle, 17% - 500 kuya 1 ayizinkulungwane amamitha cubic kanye 25.1% - .. 1000 m labantu is bagxila ikakhulu Littoral kanti ezinye izifundazwe yangaphakathi yezwe. Ezinkangala density salo ingasaphathwa. isikhundla Geographic kanye nemithombo yemvelo of China kuhlobene. Ukuthola izwe ngaphakathi esishintshashintshayo ezintathu zezulu (athokomele, nakwezifudumele futhi ezishisayo) ebangela sokusabalalisa engavamile amanzi, umhlaba, ihlathi kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

izinqolobane Water e China

Okokuqala, isikhundla ezindawo ikakhulukazi kwathinta izindlela zokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Basuke sasivumela ngokulinganayo basakaza kuyo yonke insimu, kanye izikhala, ezahlukene umswakama okweqile, kukhona labo lapho amanzi eyindlala khona. Bangaphezu kuka-70% azo zonke imithombo yamanzi basuke bagxila engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Kukhona umfula Inethiwekhi ebanzi, ogxile umfula iYangtze River, Yellow River, Xi. Phakathi iziphepho zasehlobo, uqondane ukuncibilika iqhwa, kwakukhona nokwanda okuphawulekayo amazinga amanzi emifuleni kakhulu.

amachibi eziningi - liphinde wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu engokwemvelo China, okuyizinto kwesigubhu yemvelo nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo zitholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe (Lop Noma, Ebi Lake, Kununor) kanye elisemcengezini esisempumalanga yoMfula umfula iYangtze (Dongting, Taihu, Poyang).

lemiqulu emikhulu ukudedelwa kwamanzi abakhwabanisi, eziningi zazo aluphumeleli pre-yokuhlanza, kuholele ngezinga eliphezulu ukungcoliswa emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi. Namuhla, China ikakhulukazi kudingeka ekuziphatheni ngokulandelana emikhulu isinyathelo ku ukwelashwa indle.

amaminerali

Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza lezi kwemithombo yemvelo of China kafushane, njengoba zahlukahlukene. Leli lizwe njengelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu ngokuya izinqolobane Imininingwane amaminerali, okuyinto ethulwa bacishe bayifunda yonke ishadi lesikhathi. ukuhlola Geological waqinisekisa khona abangaphezu kuka-160 izihloko. IChina umholi wezwe ekukhiqizeni izinsimbi non-ayoni: ithini, zinc, okuhola molybdenum, antimony futhi mercury. idiphozi Tungsten, ise-South China afanayo - the ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Amasheya ezingavamile emhlabeni metal akhawunti-80% emhlabeni. Imali ye-nsimbi, manganese, titanium, vanadium.

izinsiza Rich amaminerali non-metallic atholakala e-China. The izikhundla ehola kuthiwa elalihlala: Magnesite, graphite, talc, Gypsum, asbestos, kaolin, fluorite, Silica, alunite, futhi bentonite. Ikhwalithi ephezulu zemabula ezahlukene negwadle, nakho wathola eziningi ezweni.

amandla izinsiza

Okubekiwe amalahle, China ingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni. Ngokusho ukuhlola, bona azisizi 1,0071 isigidintathu amathani. Kodwa isizinda uwoyela negesi yemvelo leli lizwe kakhulu kunabayeni amandla ehamba phambili uwoyela. Ezigcina eyinhloko fuel zitholakala ezingxenyeni enyakatho futhi mpumalanga China, emashalofini Yellow nabaseNingizimu China iziLwandle. izinqolobane uhlole futhi uwoyela oluthambile. Lezi imithombo yemvelo China nokusetshenziswa kwawo olawulwa olukhethekile isimo futhi eziqakathekileko.

Land nomhlabathi izinsiza

Izici ezindawo yezwe kanye nomthelela kwi imithombo ezweni China - ingxenye yalo engasempumalanga kuhlala umhlabathi olimekayo, ku ngasenyakatho nasentshonalanga zitholakala asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi ezindaweni zitholakala kule esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga nangaseningizimu-ntshonalanga nedlelo.

Nenhlabathi kuhluke ukwehluka. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe ubuswa podzolic, ukushintsha ensundu, ihlathi. Esikhathini eningizimu zenhlabathi lateritic. Omkhulu endaweni esezintabeni presents enhlabathini. I eyigugu kakhulu kukhona nenhlabathi anesihlabathi, okuyinto zitholakala ku-Great Plains.

Cropland

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo of embonini yezokwakha kuye kwaholela nokuncipha umhlabathi olimekayo, yingakho lezi kwemithombo yemvelo of China angaphansi kuka-10% ezweni emhlabeni okuhloswe ukulima.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye ala mazwe zisezindaweni abaphethwe nokuntuleka kwamanzi, usawoti kanye ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Ukuthola kwesivuno okuphindaphindiwe kungakapheli nonyaka owodwa kancane ukhulula simo. Noma kunjalo, ukushuba kwezitshalo ilinganiselwe. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela umhlabathi olimekayo uyakwazi ukubambezela ukukhula komnotho China.

Timberland

amahlathi elikhulu ukumboza mayelana 17% of the indawo Imininingwane yezwe. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo zitholakala Greater futhi Lesser Hinggan futhi enyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe. Lezi amahlathi ukunikeza cishe ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke kwezinsiza ihlathi wezwe. Izinhlobo ezinkulu izihlahla ezikhula lapha - a fir, sonwele zikaphayini Yunnan. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona ezibalulekile, ezifana kwangangopapamusi isihlahla, camphor, obomvu, pterocarpus santalinus.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu endaweni enkulu (ngaphezu kuka-30%) ezakha ihlathi yokufakelwa. ipulazi izindawo ukumboza indawo engaphezu kuka 6370 amahektha. ukunakwa okuningi ikhokhelwa China windbreaks okuhlose ulwe emoyeni futhi ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Umsebenzi omkhulukazi, ukuqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngcono ngemvelo - ukudalwa uhlelo Ukuvikelwa ehlathini, okuyinto sidlula endaweni North China ngokusebenzisa ehlane lingenamuntu. Kukhona izinhlelo eziningana on ingadi nezitshalo ukuvikelwa, esiza kugcina kanye nekusita imithombo yemvelo China.

izwe yemifino

I ikakhulukazi isimo ezindawo kwaleli zwe namanye kuye kwaba nomthelela ukuhlukahluka ezimileni. Ezingaphezu kuka-30,000 zinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zimila China. Phakathi kwabo kukhona eliyingqayizivele njengoba nomsayipuresi fudzyansky, metasequoia gliptostrobovidnaya argirofilla Chinese, eokommiya, uDavide kanye nabanye abaningi. Ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zezitshalo ezikhulayo kuleli zwe, zinenani kwezomnotho eliphezulu. izindawo zemvelo amelwa amahlathi ezibanzi enezicabha empumalanga asemaqeleni izimila, kuphenduke semi ehlane entshonalanga.

emhlabeni isilwane

izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo China ezihambelana eduze futhi bahlale endaweni izilwane zwe. Lapha kukhona mayelana 9.8% azo zonke izinhlobo eplanethini yethu. Ezinye zazo bahlala ikakhulu e China (panda, inkawu segolide, lwengwenya Chinese, ihlengethwa ezimhlophe). Ingabe amaphiva ezivamile, izinyamazane, amabhere ansundu, izinkawu, armadillos, izingulube zasendle. Ikakhulukazi ezihlukahlukene enkulu nezilwane kuyahluka esiseningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina, okuyinto ubuswa izilwane relict, ezifana bear bamboo, amavukuzi ukumba futhi panda ebomvu.

ukuhlolwa olunzulu kwemithombo yemvelo China, eyenziwa neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, ebasiza ukuba abone ukubaluleka komphakathi kanye isikhathi ukuthola izixazululo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulondolozwa of izinto zokusetshenziswa.