"Chloramphenicol": yokusetshenziswa. Drops "Chloramphenicol"

Kuyini ekhuthaza kwamakhemikhali chloramphenicol? Iziyalezo ukusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ngokusekelwe le nto, izokwethulwa ngezansi. Siphinde ngikuxoxele ukuthi izakhiwo leli thuluzi, igama ezohwebo, kuba, okuyindawo iqondiswa, nokunye. D.

Uhlolojikelele

Yini izakhiwo esivela kumakhemikhali ezifana chloramphenicol? Yokusetshenziswa ibika ukuthi ummeleli elikhanyayo we iqembu kwamaphilisi amphenicols. Okukhulu kunakho izakhiwo elwa namagciwane has isomer yayo laevorotatory.

Wathi kwakwakhe kuyinto crystal ngaphandle iphunga nombala. Kuyinto kahle oncibilikayo emanzini, kodwa kalula encibilikayo propylene glycol, pyridine, ethylene glycol futhi ethanol. Lokhu kwaziswa lalisetshenziswa njenge-antibiotic hhayi kuphela imithi kodwa futhi nemfuyo.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi igama angathengwa ngaleso chloramphenicol ikhemisi? egameni lendawo yokuhweba noma ithuluzi kuzwakala "Chloramphenicol".

isakhi Okubukwe yaqale kwemiqondo ngo-1940 esuka Streptomyces venezuelae. Namuhla le-antibiotic uzilungiselele kusuka styrene-10-step zamagama.

Kubhekwe umuthi ngempumelelo ngokwanele. Nokho, kuyinto enobuthi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile imbangela ukusabela ezingezinhle.

Ukuthaka imithi oqukethe chloramphenicol (tradename yethulwa ngenhla) akhiqizwa uhlobo amafutha, lehla, isixazululo kwezokuphatha esicutshini futhi emthanjeni, kanye amaphilisi kanye amaphilisi.

pharmacodynamics

Kanjani chloramphenicol? Iziyalezo imibiko ukusetshenziswa ukuthi ejenti uyakwazi ukuphazamisa amaprotheni zamagama icubungula amagciwane by ezivimbela-enzyme ezifana dioxo-peptidyl transferase. Asinakusho ukuthi chloramphenicol has a imakwe umphumela bacteriostatic. He is streptococci asebenzayo, amagciwane elikhulu, ama-bacterium igremu-negative futhi stafilokkok. Isici nobuntu le-antibiotic Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kubathinta kabi nesigqi amelana sulfonamides, penicillin ne-streptomycin. Ngokuphathelene ukubekezelelana, emuthini kubhekwe sibangelwa kancane kakhulu.

Pharmacokinetics

Ingabe chloramphenicol ugxile? Yokusetshenziswa ibika ukuthi ekuphathweni ngemlomo ngaloko lokusandza kwenteka ketshezi ngokushesha ugxile kusukela ipheshana emathunjini zomuthi. Ubuningi chloramphenicol lokuhlushwa izuzwe ngemuva kwamahora amathathu, futhi bioavailability salo 90%.

Cishe isigamu zomuthi sibopha kuya amaprotheni oketshezi olungenambala olusegazini.

Chloramphenicol is akheka esibindini futhi okukhipha amahora amathathu izinso, futhi kanye Bile futhi indle. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le kwakwakhe is hydrolyzed esiswini, kuphumele kumiswa metabolites esingasebenzi.

Isicelo lendawo nomuthi noma contact yayo ne conjunctival sac it has kancane ka ukumuncwa letindzala. Kodwa ngesikhathi lo muthi ofanayo idala phezu kwesikhumba noma uketshezi iso liningi ngokwanele ukuba babe neqhaza isinyathelo bacteriostatic.

izinkomba

Iyini injongo ebekiwe amaphilisi noma amaphilisi "Chloramphenicol"? Chloramphenicol ukusetshenziswa temlomo ekwelapheni typhoid, neparatyphoid ebangelwa, salmonellosis ngefomu generalized, izifo ezihlukahlukene rickettsial, brucellosis, tularemia, uhudo, abscesses ubuchopho kanye nezifo meningococcal.

Futhi lokhu kusho ngokuvamile ebekiwe iziguli chlamydia, trachoma, pyogenic izilonda, peritonitis, ehrlichiosis, lymphogranuloma inguinal, izifo eziningi, Bile futhi urinary ipheshana izifo, yersiniosis.

Yikuphi ephatha yezifo chloramphenicol yangaphandle? Wamafutha engabelwe izilonda, tesikhumba, amathumba, ukusha, izilonda emithambo yegazi futhi bedsores. Futhi-ke lisetshenziswe imifantu izingono ka mame.

Drops "Chloramphenicol" kwagxilisa ku sac conjunctival ukwelapha keratitis, webhaktheriya izifo zamehlo, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, futhi episcleritis keratoconjunctivitis.

Izimo nomuthi

Imithi, okuhlanganisa chloramphenicol, is hhayi Kunconywa:

• ebuntwaneni (kufika ku ngenyanga eyodwa);
• izifo igazi;
• izilonda fungal esikhumbeni, psoriasis futhi eczema;
• abantu ukuntula glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, futhi isifo sesibindi;
• ukufukamela omama kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe;
• uma iguliswa ketshezi, noma namanye amanxusa ama-antibiotic fanele kuze lo xuku.

Kumelwe uqaphe kakhulu nasemkhakheni izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanye nokuthambekela kokucabanga komzimba.

"Chloramphenicol": ukufundiswa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amathuluzi esekelwe yalolu ketshezi isetshenziswa intramuscularly, ngemithambo yegazi, ngokwezihloko, ngemlomo nangekubhala conjunctival.

ukwelashwa iSu, ubude bayo abancika ekwakhiweni izidakamizwa futhi isifo. Bazimisele udokotela ukwelapha umuntu ngamunye.

Iphilisi "Chloramphenicol" Kumele kuthathwe imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokudla noma ihora elilodwa emva.

Lapho umjovo emthanjeni noma esicutshini kanye nokuphathwa ngomlomo iziguli omdala eyabelwe 2 g isici esebenzayo ngosuku (ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 4).

Umthamo esiphezulu sale imithi ngosuku kuba iminyaka 4 Nge imithi eminingi kangaka, qiniseka ukwenza ukulawula nezinso igazi nemingcele.

Izingane lokhu izidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe ngokuvumelana esisindo:

• kuze iminyaka 3 - 10-15 mg ngayinye kg;
• iminyaka 3-8 - 15-20 mg ngayinye kg;
• abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-8 - 20-30 mg ngayinye kg.

Imvamisa isicelo yesixazululo noma amaphilisi e izingane kuyafana ukuthi abantu abadala.

Isikhathi ukwelashwa nge wathi imithi elwa namagciwane izinsuku ezingu-7-11. Isikhathi esiphezulu yokwelapha - 2 amaviki.

Lapho isicelo ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko ekuwulungiseleleni isetshenziswa endaweni ethintekile izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, usebenzisa gauze. Uma kudingeka, kungase kusho isicelo kanye i ngebhandeshi occlusive. Kulokhu, wenze ukugqoka zonke izinsuku 3 kuze isilonda ehlanzekile ngeke kuhlale sikhathi.

Ngokuphathelene udedele, bajwayele ngesimo 0.25 futhi isixazululo 1% lihambisana namanye izidakamizwa.

side effects

Isicelo obuyekezwayo, izidakamizwa kungabangela:

• ukulunywa futhi ukucasuka (lapho isicelo ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko);
• agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, anaemia aplastic, leukopenia;
• goiter;
• delirium, neuritis, ukuhhema ahlukahlukene, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukudideka, ukucindezeleka;
• gipogemoglobinemiyu, reticulocytopenia;
• Angioedema, urticaria, ukuqubuka;
• isicanucanu, ukubuyisa, ukukhishwa isisu, yokucasuka umlomo, ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa;
• izifo fungal, dermatitis;
• ukuthanjiswa kokuzwa futhi umbono, bezibona kahle ukunambitheka.

Ezinganeni izinyanga 12 angagcina nciphisa zenhliziyo.

Inani, bomcondvofana kanye analogue

Ezibhekwa izindlela lahlotshaniswa "Levovinizol", "sintomitsina" "Chloramphenicol" "Chloramphenicol Aktitab", chloramphenicol sodium succinate, "Chloramphenicol-Lect" isixazululo utshwala "chloramphenicol", chloramphenicol sodium succinate oyinyumba, "Chloramphenicol-akos".

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Pharmacy kanye analogue ungahlangana le izidakamizwa "Levometil", "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin) "Levosin" (sulfadimetoksin dioksometiltetragidropirimidin + Chloramphenicol + trimekain).

Njengoba ngentengo, khona-ke kubhekwa ama-antibiotic akuyona eliphezulu kakhulu. Nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi angathengwa ruble 40-90.

Uphenyo imithi

Naphezu inani elikhulu side effects kanye ubuthi izidakamizwa oqukethe chloramphenicol, bajwayele kaningi impela. Iziguli eziningi bakhangwa izindleko ongaphakeme zomuthi, kanye ukuhlukahluka umthamo yayo amafomu.

Ngokwe-art, imithi elwa namagciwane enjalo ngokuvamile ezinqunyiwe isicelo baqonde izinto ezenzekayo ukuze ukuqeda induna kanye nezinye izintaba-mlilo ziqhume isikhumba.

Lapho yokuswela amathuluzi zisebenzisa omqondofana analog ezifana "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin). Kodwa ikwenza lokhu kuphela ngemva ubonane nodokotela.