AmakhompyuthaUkuphepha

Diffie-Hellman algorithm: aphoyintimenti

Ngokusobala, bambalwa abantu namuhla, usebenzisa idatha phezu iziteshi okungavikelekile zokuxhumana, ngeso lengqondo lokho algorithm Diffie-Hellman. Eqinisweni, abaningi abaqondi futhi kudingeka. Noma kunjalo, abasebenzisi tangcondvomshini, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, ukwazi kangcono lokhu ngeke ubuhlungu. Ikakhulu, i-exchange key Diffie-Hellman kungase kube usizo abasebenzisi abanesithakazelo nezindaba zolwazi ukuphepha kanye indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo.

Iyini indlela Diffie-Hellman?

Uma sisondela umbuzo algorithm ngokwayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe kanye zezibalo, singakwazi bakuchaza ngokuthi indlela ukubethela nencazelo kolwazi ngocansi futhi wathola phakathi kwabasebenzisi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu computer noma ezinye izinhlelo ezihilela exchange of idatha nokusetshenziswa isiteshi ukuxhumana ungazivikele.

Njengoba kusobala, ngokungabi bikho isiteshi Ukuvikelwa nokunciphisa noma ukuguqula amafayela e inqubo yokudlulisela nokwamukela, kanye umhlaseli can. Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa ukhiye Diffie-Hellman sokufinyelela ukudlulisa kanye nokwamukela ulwazi yokuthi ukunqanyulwa noma ukuxhunywa kwamapayipi siqedwa cishe ngokuphelele. Kulesi Imininingwane yokuxhumana ezibhaliswe ne isiteshi zokuxhumana (ngaphandle Ukuvikelwa yalo) iba ephephile uma zombili izinhlangothi zisebenzisa ukhiye owodwa.

prehistory

I-algorithm Diffie-Hellman wethulwa emhlabeni emuva ngo-1976. Abasunguli balo badume Uitfrid Diffie noMartin Hellman, ngubani ocwaningweni lakhe izindlela ukubethelwa kwedatha eziphephile nezithembekile esekelwe umsebenzi Ralph Merkle, abasungula le okuthiwa kokhiye uhlelo wokusabalalisa.

Kodwa uma Merkle ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo kuphela theory, Diffie futhi Hellman wethulwa emphakathini ikhambi lenkinga.

Isizathu esilula

Empeleni, isivivinyo kusekelwe cryptographic ukubethela ubuchwepheshe ukuthi manje wamangaza ochwepheshe abaningi kulo mkhakha. Ciphers Anthology kuhlanganisa ngempela anomlando omude. Ingqikithi yonke inqubo wukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona amaqembu amabili, e-mail, noma enye idatha ukushintshisana ngosizo nezinhlelo ze-computer. Kodwa ukuzivikela kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi Diffie-Hellman algorithm uqobo idinga ukuthi isihluthulelo ukuqaqwa is amaqembu amabili eyaziwa (ukuthumela nokwamukela). Lapho lokhu ngokuphelele shu yimuphi kubo ayoba ukhiqize inombolo kokuqala okungahleliwe (leli phuzu ngeke ukuchaza lapho ucabangela amafomula ukhiye ukubala).

Izindlela ekufihleni idatha lezinkathi ngaphambili

Ukuze wenze kube sobala, siphawula ukuthi indlela bakudala kakhulu ngemfihlo idatha is, isibonelo, isipelingi akuyona kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, njengoba kujwayelekile izikripthi kakhulu futhi kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi kalula ukusebenzisa futhi esikhundleni izinhlamvu zamagama esitatimendeni. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi kushintsha incwadi lesibili nelokuqala, owesine - eyesithathu nokunye. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kakhulu efanayo lapho bebona kungase kube umbhedo ephelele. Nokho, omunye owabhala ikhodi yomthombo, ngokuvumelana kumuntu onesifo ukufunda, kulokho oda kumele ibekwe izinhlamvu ezithile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukhiye.

Qaphela ukuthi eminingi yemibhalo namanje undeciphered futhi umbhalo we-cuneiform eyabhalwa yamaSumer asendulo futhi abaseGibhithe bengayiqondi mfihlo-abahlaziyi kuphela ngenxa yokuthi abazi ukuthi ungasetha kanjani ukulandelana oyifunayo kwezinhlamvu.

Futhi uma kwenzeka yethu - okufana Diffie-Hellman izitshela ukuthi ukhiye ukuqaqwa is a inani elilinganiselwe labasebenzisi ezaziwayo. Nokho, futhi lapha kubalulekile ukwenza ukubhuka, ngoba ukuphazamiseka ukudluliselwa idatha ngekhodi yalolu hlobo kungenziwa woniwa besithathu, uma bayoxazulula endaweni noma esikhundleni izinhlamvu.

Nakanjani ukuthi asemaningi manje cryptosystem inemandla esekelwe algorithm ezifana AES, kodwa aziyeki isiqinisekiso egcwele isivikelo nokugenca idatha third-party.

Awu, manje sigxila uhlelo ukubethela kakhulu, isicelo salo esisebenzayo kanye nezinga Ukuvikelwa.

Diffie-Hellman algorithm: aphoyintimenti

I-algorithm yadalwa ukuze siqinisekise hhayi kuphela ubumfihlo bemininingwane ngesikhathi sokudlulisa elilodwa inhlangano kwenye, kodwa futhi ukuze ulikhiphe ngokuphephile kubo ekwamukelweni. ukukhuluma Cishe, uhlelo ukudluliswa ezinjalo kumelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka eligcwele lazo zonke iziteshi kungenzeka yokuxhumana.

Khumbula, ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho intelligence wonke amazwe ahlangene wangaphumelela ozingele inyamazane umshini ukubethela ngokuthi "Enigma", ngawo adlulisa imiyalezo efihlekile ukuze Morse code. Phela, akakwazanga ukuxazulula noyedwa cipher, ithinte ngisho nendlela thina ukhuluma ngani, "eziphambili" uchwepheshe indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo. Kuphela ngemuva kokuthwebula yayo etholwe isihluthulelo sokuqonda imiyalezo ethunyelwe lasolwandle German.

Diffie-Hellman algorithm: ekuhlaziyeni

Ngakho, i-algorithm kuhilela ukusetshenziswa imiqondo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo. Ake sithi ube kunjalo elula, lapho amaqembu amabili (umsebenzisi) abakhona ku uxhumano. Thina ubhekisele kuwo njengoba A no B.

Basebenzisa izinombolo ezimbili X Y, akuzona imfihlo kulesi siteshi zokuxhumana, ukulawula kwethulwa. Lonke okushiwo umbuzo yangempela, ukwakha on ngesisekelo kwabo uhlobo olusha ukubaluleka ukuthi kuyoba ukhiye. Kodwa! Ofonayo lokuqala sisebenzisa enkulu inombolo esiyinhloko, kanti eyesibili - njalo inenombolo (sihlukaniswe), kodwa aphansi ukuze kulokuqala.

Ngokwemvelo, abasebenzisi uyavuma ukuthi lezi zinombolo agcinwa eyimfihlo. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi isiteshi singumuntu ongazethembi, izinombolo ezimbili bangaba onentshisekelo ezaziwayo kanye nezinye. Yingakho abantu imilayezo efanayo benana ukhiye secret ukuqhaqha umyalezo.

Amafomula eziyisisekelo ukubala ukhiye

Kusolwa ukuthi Diffie-Hellman libhekisela uhlelo okuthiwa ukubethela lesinesitfombe-sibuko, lapho kwakukhona imibiko cipher quin. Nokho, uma sicabanga ngezici eyinhloko ekubalweni ukhiye amaqembu aphethe, kufanele sikhumbule okungenani Aljibhra.

Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ngamunye ababhalisile yakha izinombolo nomaphi futhi b. Ziyazi kusengaphambili amagugu x kanye y, okuyinto bangaze "ithungwe" e-software adingekayo.

Lapho yokuthumela noma yokuthola umlayeto lotsite isikhokhelo A ubalisisa ukubaluleka ukhiye, kusukela ifomula A = x y mod, kanti eyesibili isebenzisa inhlanganisela B = x b y mod, kulandele ukuthumela ukhiye uguqulwa umsebenzisi kuqala. Lokhu kuyisinyathelo sokuqala.

Manje ake sithi wesitsatfu lotsintsekako unazo yayo kokubili amagugu ibalwa of A no B. ngezinye Zonke efanayo, ngeke angenele inqubo ukuthumela idatha, ngoba Isinyathelo sesibili siwukuthi ukwazi ukuthi ukubala ukhiye ezivamile.

Kusukela amafomula ngenhla, ungahlala ngesikhathi ezivamile ukubala ukhiye. Uma ubheka isibonelo Diffie-Hellman angase izobukeka ngale ndlela:

1) ilinganisela zokubhalisa isihluthulelo sokuqala esekelwe x by ifomula B mod y = x ab mod y;

2) Okwesibili, esekelwe kokuqala inombolo y futhi walungisa ngokusho inethiwekhi olandelwayo inketho B, ichaza ukhiye kusukela ipharamitha A ekhona: A b mod y = x ba y Mod.

Njengoba ubona, amagugu lokugcina ngisho nalapho permutation degrees luqondane. Ngakho, emagama idatha zombili kuyehla, njengoba besho, zifana.

Sengozini ngesikhathi sokungenelela Inqubo yokudlulisa idatha

Njengoba ungase ulindele, kokungenela wesithathu is hhayi ngaphandle. Nokho, kulesi simo kuba ekuqaleni ucacise isibalo 10 100, noma ngisho 10.300.

Nakanjani ukuthi ayikho namuhla ukudala iphasiwedi noma ukufinyelela ikhodi ugesi ukucacisa inombolo uqobo bengayi (ngaphandle kokuqala nokokugcina hhayi ongakhetha zesikhashana ukungenela uhlelo ukudluliswa). Kungashona isikhathi eside kangaka ukuze ukuphila emhlabeni kube kuzophela. Nokho, izikhala uhlelo zokuphepha ezifana sisekhona.

Ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa ulwazi logarithm leyehlukene. Uma ulwazi onjena crack algorithm Diffie-Hellman kungaba (kodwa kuphela nemingcele kokuqala nokokugcina njengoba kushiwo ngenhla). Enye into ukuthi ifa ezifana ulwazi amayunithi.

Ukusebenzisa algorithm yesikhulumi Java

Diffie-Hellman algorithm isetshenziswa Java kuphela izikhalazo efana "amaklayenti-server".

Ngamanye amazwi, iseva isalinde imishini iklayenti Connect. Lapho ukuthi uxhumo senziwa, kukhona ukusebenza algorithm efuna ukhiye wahulumende nobe wangasese, bese umsebenzisi ungathola ukufinyelela okugcwele yonke imisebenzi kanye nedatha leseva uqobo. Nokho, lokhu abantu abambalwa kakhulu ukwazi, Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho izinhlelo mobile, kulapho ukuthi ingxenye executive imisebenzi kwimodi engabonakali efomini zokubhala elisebenzisekayo.

Ukusebenzisa algorithm yesikhulumi C (+ / ++)

Uma ubheka i-Diffie-Hellman kule «C» (+ / ++), khona-ke akukho bushelelezi ngakho. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunenkinga uma iningi umsebenzi nge izibalo yena uHlelo ulimi elihlobene ne iphuzu elintantayo. Yingakho uma usetha inani inamba, noma uma uzama ukuqoqa (ngisho Exponentiation), kungase kube nezinkinga ngesikhathi ahlanganise. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana umsebenzi kabi int.

Nokho, kuwufanele ukunaka lonke izingxenye elisebenzisekayo okuyinto, njengoba umthetho, kukhona amakilasi umsebenzi, Exponentiation efanayo noma okuhlobene umtapo GMP attachable.

Modern ukubethela algorithm

Kukholakala ukuthi Diffie-Hellman namanje ukushaya, akekho okwaziyo. Eqinisweni, nguye owakhonza njengoba isisekelo ukuvela izinhlelo ezifana eyaziwayo Ukuvikelwa emkhakheni ukubethelwa kwedatha njengoba AES128 futhi AES256.

Nokho, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, naphezu ukutholakala izinombolo abstract akuyona ziqondakala indoda, iningi izinhlelo lokhu ukusetshenziswa hlobo kuphela inani le kweshumi lokuqala (engasekho), kodwa i-algorithm ngokwalo libonisa inombolo izikhathi million ngaphezulu.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ngokuvamile, cishe, isivele kucace ukuthi ziyini lesi simiso futhi yiziphi ezinye zezici zalo algorithmic. It kuphela uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi sinikezwe ukwenza izinto ezinkulu ukuthi ngokugcwele cishe isebenzisa akekho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi sengozini e-algorithm ngokucacile ngokwanele. Uzenzela: Eqinisweni, bhala uhlelo kukhompyutha logarithms leyehlukene, cishe noma yikuphi kumdlali angafinyelela hhayi kuphela nemingcele kokuqala esabekwa umsebenzisi, kodwa futhi ukuze ukhiye womphakathi, okuyinto ekhiqizwa kuleli ukubethela nencazelo uhlelo.

Endabeni elula kwanele ukwenza ukufakwa elisebenzisekayo ka-Java applet, okuyinto lungasetshenziswa in zokuxhumana mobile. Yiqiniso, umsebenzisi ngeke bazi ngakho, kodwa idatha yayo bazokwazi ukusizakala ubani.

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