Amakhompyutha, Ukuphepha
Ntoskrnl.exe - kuyini? incazelo eningiliziwe ingxenye
okusebenza izinhlelo Windows ngezinga elithile kukhona ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke. Nokho, ngokuphathelene kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako, lesi simo sivezwe ngokucace kakhudlwana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa iningi abasebenzisi ezifuywayo elithi "yesistimu yokusebenza" akubangi nezinye izinhlangano, ngaphandle nesenzakalo phambi iso ejwayelekile "amafasitela."
definition
Uma sikubeka kalula, ngalesi igama enesizotha efihla akukho okunye, kodwa umnyombo NT izinhlelo. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona yonke ikhenela, kodwa ngempela ingxenye enkulu-ke. Lokhu intambo yakhelwe ukuqala kwimodi ephephile. Yiqiniso, yingenxa lokhu ke oluphakeme Okuqondiwe ejwayelekile yokuhlaselwa yi-malware ohlelweni nge.
Lapho itholakala?
Ngakho, lapho ingozi umonakalo ngenxa yesistimu yokusebenza noma ukuhluleka kwehadi, igciwane attack noma inqubo izinkinga sokubuyiselwa iba lula kakhulu. Nokho, ake kusesho olujwayelekile wonke amalayelo-Windows. Kusukela XP, ungakwazi ukuthola ifayela kufolda kuleli kheli elilandelayo: c: \ amawindi \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.
izinguqulo ezihlukene zefayela
Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi kuze kube manje e OS izinhlelo Windows ngesikhathi esifanayo nawe lingabonakala njengoba izinguqulo ezine leli fayela. Nampa:
- ntoskrnl.exe kungaba ingxenye nucleus ku uniprocessor uhlelo ukucupha ;
- ngokufanele, kungase futhi kube ingxenye version multi-processor OS;
- uniprocessor imodi inqobo ezingaphezu kwezintathu gigabytes RAM futhi kudinga operation esitebeleni of version ayo ifayela;
- Ekugcineni, ntoskrnl.exe ahlukene abe izinhlelo multi-core ne gigabytes ezingaphezu kwezintathu RAM.
Ukubamba iqhaza ekuphathweni ebhuthini uhlelo
Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ukulayisha Loader (bootloader) uhlelo ezithwala inqubo control ifayela uhlelo Ntoskrnl. Kugcine ukuqalisa kwencazelo kumadivayisi ezahlukene, futhi kakhulu ngesivinini ukulungiswa imvelo uhlelo ekuqaleni komsebenzi izicelo ahlukahlukene nezinye izinkonzo.
Okuqakathekileko ukuze izinhlelo ezintsha ntoskrnl.exe? Lwe-Windows 7 (kanye Windows 8 ne-Vista) engaphansi nakakhulu kuyo (uma ziqhathaniswa amadala OS), kanye esikhathini sethu ikakhulukazi ebaluleke yesimiso sokuzivikela kwimaliwe. Namuhla, ziye zaba okuningi "sokusungula", engena phakathi OS at the stage of yethulwa.
uhlelo Siqu Ukuvikelwa
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo, hardware Abstraction ungqimba core - Hardware Abstraction Layer. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba enqubeni ntoskrnl.exe uyabulawa imodi nelungelo we-CPU. Lokhu ochwepheshe kukho futhi ngokuthi "zero indandatho yokuvikela» (Ring 0). Ngamafuphi nje, ukufinyelela mode ekhethekile evumela inqubo ukufinyelela ngqo izingxenye uhlelo, ngokudlula ngisho uphazamisa ubuchwepheshe. Lena ukukhulisa ijubane ikhenela, ukulinganisela kwaso futhi ekubusweni zangaphandle uhlelo igobolondo. Maye, kodwa umkhuba kungase Ihambe ngokuhlukile kancane.
Uma kabanzi mayelana malware
Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje le nkinga iye unqobe. Kwakona nje ukugxambukela ngempumelelo wavula ukuqhathanisa okulula ntoskrnl.exe ifayela hashi ezishisiwe (okungukuthi, usuwazi), okuyinto kuthé izinqubo uhlelo, okufanayo "inkomba" Inani kuhlinzekwe ngu-Microsoft.
Ezinye izindlela yokuvikela
Uma uzama ukususa leli fayela kusuka endaweni yalo efanele ifolda Windows ke emva kwemizuzwana eziyishumi noma abalitjhumi nambili, wababiza iyoba waphinda kube endaweni efanayo! Lapho iyothathwa khona? Yebo, nje ukopishe ke ohlelweni ngokuqondile inkumbulo.
Indlela qiniseka ukuthi inqubo?
Ake sihlole, ingabe ngempela ohlelweni icubungula uhlu ntoskrnl.exe etholakalayo. Kusho ukuthini? Okokuqala udinga ukugijima "Task Manager" (ngokucindezela izinkinobho amathathu, njengoba sishilo ngenhla), bese kukhona iphuzu ayiqaphele "Bonisa izinqubo kusuka kubo bonke abasebenzisi." Ngemva kwalokho, le nqubo kungabonwa. Yiqiniso, kufanele uqale kusukela lezi zindawo ezilandelayo: amawindi \ system32 \ ntoskrnl.exe.
izinkinga ezingase zibe khona
Maye, kodwa umkhuba akusiyo ezingavamile ngakho ukuhlangabezana izimo lapho umthwalo uhlelo engasakwazi ngenxa ifayela elingekho ntoskrnl.exe. "Blue Screen Ukufa" futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa ke Nokho.
Ochwepheshe kugcwale umlomo ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, le nkinga kwenzeka ngenxa yanoma iyiphi iphutha disk hard of computer. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi ebhekene nalo enkingeni emva esikhundleni main uhlelo disk noma ukufaka idrayivu entsha kanzima. Ngamafuphi nje, ngemva kwanoma iyiphi zokukhwabanisa ezingokomzimba hard drive.
Imbangela ezivame kakhulu yenkinga
Naphezu ezinye vagueness kwetheminoloji, ezinye izimbangela eziyinhloko ahlale injalo ingashintshile. Nampa:
- Amacala isistimu yefayela amaphutha, kaningi i-XP nangaphezulu wokusebenza (ungabheka futhi ulungise umyalo chkdsk).
- Ngenxa kanzima ukwehluleka disk hardware kubangelwa okungazelelwe kukagesi.
- Lapho hard disk ebusweni kwenzeka embhedeni amabhlogo (ihlolwe futhi uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi "Victoria" ukuqondiswa).
Ngingaba ukubuyisela ifayela abonakele?
Chofoza Faka. Uma konke kwakwenziwa ngendlela efanele, uzocelwa ukuba uvumelane isula amafayela system. Cindezela inkinobho Y futhi, chofoza Faka inkinobho. Ifayela Sizophinda ukukopishwa kudiski optical uphinde ubhale izinto onakele ohlelweni lwakho.
Okubalulekile! Ukubuyisela, sebenzisa kuphela esemthethweni ukufakwa ezilengayo. Kunoma ikuphi, ungayisebenzisi le njongo zonke izinhlobo "inhlangano", ngenxa ungathola izinkinga nakakhulu!
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