Disemba 1 eKazakhstan iholidi likaMengameli weRiphabhliki

I-Disemba 1 e- Kazakhstan iyigubha elizinikezelwe umongameli. Kubhekwa njengomphakathi. Abaningi bangabuza ukuthi kungani lolu suku lufanelekile, njengoba ukhetho lukaNazarbayev lwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 1990. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho uMkhandlu oPhakeme okhishwe khona.

Kwavela kanjani isiko?

Ukuthola mayelana nokugubha iholide eKazakhstan ngoDisemba 1, sizophinde sithole ulwazi lokuthi ngo-1991, ngalolu suku, umongameli wathola igunya lokuphatha i-republic, enikezwe abantu baseKazakh. I-electorate ibambe ukhetho oluqondile, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube nelungelo lokusebenza njengomkhulumeli wentando yabantu.

U-Nursultan Nazarbayev uqoqe cishe ama-99% wamavoti, okwamnika ilungelo lokuphatha iKazakhstan. Akuwona wonke amazwe anesiko esifanayo. Ukuphenya ukuthi yiliphi iholide ngoDisemba 1 eKazakhstan, kuqonda ukuthi abantu kuleli zwe bayamethemba ngempela umongameli wabo, beqaphela umthwalo wakhe, ukuthanda izwe. Noma ubani ukuxhunyaniswa kwegama lakhe kuziphakamiso ngegama elithi "kuqala" akusilo isimanga.

Ukuphathwa Okuhlakaniphile

Ngenkathi ehlobo lika-1991 isivumelwano sombhikisho sisayinwe neGorbachev neYeltsin, osombusazwe bavuma ukuthi uNazarbayev uzommela uhulumeni weNyunyana njengosihlalo. Kodwa kwaba khona i-putsch ngo-Agasti, okwaba yisithiyo ekuboniseni lezi zinhlelo.

Ukuthola iholide ngoDisemba 1 eKazakhstan kugubha ngenhlonipho enjalo, kufanelekile ukubuyela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuzimela. I-USSR yawa, izibopho zezomnotho zahlukana, kwavela inkinga, ukungasebenzi kwakungavamile. Emkhakheni kamasipala, futhi, kwakukhona izinkinga eziningi, akusho lutho ngekusasa, ngoba izigidi zabantu zilahlekelwe.

Disemba 1 eKazakhstan - iholidi eliyisikhathi sokukhazimuliswa komongameli. Ngoba wayenokuhlakanipha namandla okuqondisa umbuso ngendlela efanele. Abantu bahlangana ngaphansi kokuphatha kwakhe. Naphezu kokuthi izinhlanga eziningi zihlala embusweni, kunezingxabano eziningi phakathi kwamaqembu ezizwe. Abantu bagcina umoya wezwe kanye nothando ezweni labo.

Izinjongo zokuthula

I-Disemba 1 e-Kazakhstan nayo iholide ngoba inhloko yombuso yakwazi ukugwema ukungavumelani okuningi okwenzeka kwamanye amazwe. Imibono yentuthuko kanye nomsebenzi ohlangene basekelwa ngenzuzo evamile.

Iziphathimandla zibiza ukuhlukahluka kobuhlanga kanye nokunye okudala amandla okuthuthukiswa. Ngo-Disemba 1 e-Kazakhstan iholidi ngesizathu sokuthi ubumbano kanye nemodeli yakhe eyakha imvume phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene wabantu wadalwa. Kusetshenziswe izimiso, isisekelo salo ubungane, isimo sengqondo sokubekezelela izakhamuzi zakanye, ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ekufezeni ngamunye. Lo mfanekiso uhlolisiswa ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1995, uMkhandlu Wabantu Wadalwa eKazakhstan, owenza imisebenzi yokweluleka nokucebisa, esekela umsebenzi we-presidium. Ngenxa yalokho ungagcina ukuzinza nokuhleleka komphakathi.

Ukuhlonipha uMongameli

I-Disemba 1 yiholide e-Kazakhstan. Ngempelasonto unikeza abantu ithuba lokukhumbula uthando lwabo ngombuso wabo wasekhaya. Kusukela ngo-2003, kuye kwaba nezinkomfa zabaholi bezwe, kanye nezinhlangano zenkolo zendabuko. E-Kazakhstan, kunethuba lokubandakanya inkhulumomphendvulwano yabameli bezinhlanga ezahlukene. Umbuso uvulekele konke okusha nokuqhubekayo. UNazarbayev waba yindoda ephikisana nezwe lakhe ekuhlanganiseni endaweni yase-Eurasia.

I-Disemba 1 iyiholide ebaluleke kakhulu e-Kazakhstan. Njengoba sivame ukuphumula ngosuku lwe- Independence, izenzakalo zenziwa lapha ezenza abantu bazizwe benothando ekhaya. Umongameli uvale indawo yokuhlolwa kwezinto zenuzi futhi washiya isimo sakhe emandleni asebenzisa izikhali eziyingozi. Kulesi senzo kwakukhona uhlobo olusha, ngoba uNazarbayev wenza lokhu njengesibonelo kwabanye, ebonisa ukuthi ukuqonda nokuthula kubaluleke kakhulu kunamandla. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa ukuhlakanipha nobuntu ekuphatheni.

Ngakho-ke, inhloko yombuso yabonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuziphatha okungokomoya phakathi kwabantu. Wakwazi ukuvusa ukuziphatha kanye nezifiso ezingokomoya eziphakeme kakhulu.

Isibonelo kwamanye amazwe

Ngenxa yalowo muntu, kuhlanganise nokuzibusa esandleni sasiya emigomweni enokuthula, eyayiyigugu kakhulu emlandweni wabantu baseKazakh. Ngo-Ephreli 2010, uMongameli wathola isimemo esivela eNobhala Jikelele we-UN ukuba eze eWashington emhlanganweni wamazwe angu-60 emhlabeni.

Uzwe umbiko ngokubaluleka kokuphepha komhlaba kanye nokuphila ngaphandle kwezikhali zenuzi. Wayenelungelo lokuziphatha langempela kulokhu, ngoba iKazakhstan yizwe elithatha isinyathelo esinqumayo sokulwa nokuhlukunyezwa nokubhujiswa. Umncintiswano wezikhali kuyisenzo esiwuhlukumezayo sokuthi, emzabalazweni wamandla, kungabhubhisa konke okuzungezile.

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNazarbayev wamemezela ngesinqumo sakhe sokuthi inhloko-dolobha yase-Almaty kufanele idluliselwe e-Astana. Leli dolobha lalihlanganiswa ngokuzikhandla, ngenxa yalokho okwakungenzeka ukudala iphoyinti, ekhonjiswe yingqalasizinda yomhlaba wonke ekhulwini lama-21. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-National Foundation yakha, ngenxa yalokho, ngezinkinga zemali zomhlaba jikelele, ukuzinza kombuso kugcinwa.

Uhlelo lwezenhlalo lwenziwa ezingeni elifanayo njengangaphambili. Ngo-2010, iKazakhstan yaba yilungu le-OSCE. E-Astana, yabamba ingqungquthela yomlando wezinga lamazwe ngamazwe. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezibambelela kulo mcimbi kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi uNazarbayev ujabulela igunya elikhulu emhlabeni. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ngoDisemba 1 abantu babonisa ukubonga kuye futhi bagubha usuku lukaMongameli waseRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan.