Hasidi Umani. Kungani amaHasidi eya eMan?

Esigodini saseCherkassy yidolobha elincane, elibizwa nge-Uman. Uyaziwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, epaki lakhe elihle kunazo zonke iSofiyivka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uman kanye ngonyaka iyaphenduka ibe uhlobo lwe-mecca kubalandeli bezinye zezimpondo zeHasidism, ezihlambiza lapha ezinkulungwaneni ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Pho kungani amaHasidi aya eMan futhi benzani lapho? Lokhu sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko.

Ngubani oya ku-Uman?

Ukuhlukunyezwa kungenye yezindlela ezisebuJuda. Kulungile ekuqondeni kwayo futhi kuseduze nomanje wama-orthodox, ngenkathi ugcina ubunikazi bawo, ngokuvamile obangela ukubhekana nezinye izinhlangano zamaJuda. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akusibo bonke abalandeli bakaHasidism abafika ku-Uman, okuyinto futhi engavamile ngaphakathi kwayo. I-Hasidim Umani yiyona okuthiwa i-Bratslav Hasidim. Leli yigama labo lamanje ngaphakathi kwenhlangano yenkolo jikelele. Igama alisho ukuthi bonke abalandeli bakhe bahlala eBratslav - bangatholakala emazweni ahlukahlukene kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Kodwa kwakuvela eBratslav ukuthi umsunguli wabo, uRebbe Nachman, weza. Futhi umuntu wakhe uyisihluthulelo sombuzo wokuthi kungani amaHasidi eya eMan. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuleli dolobha ingcwaba lakhe. Futhi wonke umlandeli othembekile walesi sigaba sobuJuda uthatha umsebenzi wakhe okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe ukuba eze ethuneni lakhe ukuze ahlangane khona noMnyaka Omusha WamaJuda. Ngokwezinkolelo zamakholwa, lolu hambo luyisibambiso sesibusiso esikhulu, kanye nenhlanhla, injabulo nokuchuma kulo nyaka ozayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubamba iqhaza kulolu hambo kubhekwa njengento nje engcwele futhi ejabulisa uNkulunkulu, kodwa futhi kuyadingeka kumakholwa. Yingakho amaHasidi aya e-Uman ukugubha umnyaka wabo omusha. Ukungavakashela le ndawo okungenani kanye empilweni kubhekwa njengesono. Kodwa empeleni, amaHasidi amaningi acebile aya eMan kaningi. Abanye baze benze lolu hambo njalo ngonyaka. Ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke emakhono omuntu womuntu. AmaJuda afanayo abangakwazi ukuhamba ngezindleko zawo, aphendukele ezakhiweni zobuJuda ezikhethekile zokusiza. Isibonelo, kwa-Israyeli kunezinhlangano eziningi ezinjalo. Bakhokha indinganiso ye-pilgrim, banikeza ukudla futhi banikeze indawo yokuhlala endaweni ka-Uman. Uhambo oluya kuleli dolobha lukhulu kangangokuba ngo-2010 u-Ukraine ne-Israyeli basayina isivumelwano sokubusa kwe-visa-free phakathi kwabo.

Ubani u-Tzadik Nachman?

Umsunguli wegatsha laseBraslav leHasidism kusukela ebuntwaneni wayelungiselela umsebenzi weRabi. Kodwa wayebukeka kancane kancane ebuJuda. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sokuthandaza, wakhetha ukuhlala emapulazini noma ensimini futhi lapho isikhathi eside ukuthandaza ngamazwi akhe. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili wayeshada nendodakazi yomJuda ocebile. Lapho uyisezala efa, wathuthela edolobheni lakhe waqala ukushumayela imibono yakhe phakathi kwamaJuda asendaweni. Izakhamuzi zazingenwa yizintshumayelo futhi zamkhetha uthisha wabo, nakuba le nsizwa ngaleso sikhathi yayingakafiki iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wancenga amaJuda ukuba ashiye imithandazo yawo evulekile ngesiHeberu futhi athandaze esuka enhliziyweni yawo ngesiJiddish sazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphikisana ngokuthi ukukhulumisana noPhezukonke akufanele kube yisibopho, kodwa kufanele ulethe injabulo nokuthokoza okungokomoya. Ngakho-ke wagcizelela ukuthi kufanele athandaze ngezingoma, emidlalweni nangenjabulo engathandeki. Zonke lezi zici kwakuyizici ezihlukanisayo ze-Bratslav Hasidism. U-Tsadik Nahman wavakashela iJerusalema, lapho afunda khona iKabbalah, wabe esehamba ngokuzungeze izwe lakubo.

Lapho esevakashele uMan futhi wanquma ukuthi wayefuna ukungcwatshwa lapha, emathuneni angamaJuda, lapho izinsalela zalabo abahlukunyezwe amaJuda aphefumula khona. Lapha wahamba ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, lapho umkakhe namadodana akhe amabili bebulawa yisifo sofuba. Intshumayelo yakhe yokugcina yomphakathi ayifunde ngehora loNyaka Omusha WamaJuda, lapho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wancenga umlandeli wakhe ukuba eze ethuneni lakhe emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngemva kwenyanga wafa wangcwatshwa e-pogost yamaJuda ka-Uman, ngokusho kwentando yakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abahambeli bebelokhu bezama ukuvakashela ithuna lakhe njalo ngonyaka, begcwalisa isivumelwano somfundisi wakhe.

Ukwakhiwa kwama pilgrim

Okokuqala, kumele ngithi cishe yonke iHasanis ye-Uman yindoda. Ngokuvamile abesifazane abahlanganyeli kulolu hambo lonyaka. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokuyinhloko emasikweni enkolo, ngenxa yokuthi uhambo oluya eMan Hasidim luzinikeze ngaphandle komkawo. Ngisho nezingane ezithathwe nabo ohambweni "AbaPilgrims" bangabesilisa kuphela.

Ukubukeka

Ngokuqondene nokubukeka, kungcono kunesimanga futhi kungavamile, uma siqala emithethweni evamile yaseYurophu evunyelwe. Ngisho phakathi kwabalandeli bezinye izimpande zamaJuda, amaHasidi ngezinye izikhathi aphuma ngokubonakala kwawo. Emakhanda abo bagqoke izigqoko zobuchopho eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izigqoko, ezivela ngaphansi kwezingubo ezilengekile ezithempelini, okuthiwa i-peysami. Ngaphansi kwesigqoko esidala noma ijaji likhona ihembe elimhlophe, egqoke amahhashi amnyama. Izicathulo ze-Chasid azikho izikebhe noma ama-plaque. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazama ukungagqoki izibopho, ngoba lesi sigaba sifana nesiphambano esimweni sabo, asihlonishwa kakhulu emiphakathini yamaJuda.

Inani elihle labahlali bendawo

Isikhathi sokufika kwabamakholwayo silinde izakhamuzi eziningi zase-Uman, ezithola imali enhle ngalokhu. Ukugeleza okunjalo kwamanye amazwe kuholela ekudleni okukhulu kwezindlu kanye nezinye izimpahla zesidingo sokuqala nesesibili. Amanani ngenxa yalokhu asusa izikhathi eziningana, okuvumela izakhamizi zendawo ukuba zithole imali eyengeziwe.

Inani elibi labakhileyo bendawo

Noma kunjalo, akuwona konke okungajwayelekile. Izakhamuzi eziningi zendawo zisho lokho amaHasidi abakwenza eMan, ngaphezu kwemikhosi yabo yenkolo. Okokuqala, izikhalazo zihlobene nokuziphatha kwazo nendlela yokusebenzisana nabangewona amaJuda abonakala ngokuziqhenya. Ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza kuzivakashi ezivela kwa-Israyeli, ngubani, uma eqhathaniswa nama-co-religion aseYurophu, e-America nase-Australia, ubukeka asendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi seholide yamaHasidim, izakhamuzi zendawo zizwa kabi. Isiqu sokuphila sokuphela siphelile, futhi idolobha libonakala sengathi liyashisa. Abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi bahlukaniswe lapho abahambeli befika e-Uman. I-negativedi yonyaka omusha yenza lokho abakushoyo, kusukela enhliziyweni. Inkolo yabo ibeka izinto ezikhethekile njengokuphakanyiswa kwezenkolo, injabulo, ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo phakathi kwemithandazo nemikhuba yenkolo. Ukubonakaliswa okucacile, okucacile, okucacile kwemizwa yenkolo ye-Hasidim kuyinto evamile engamangalisa ngempela futhi ngisho nokumesaba umuntu ongazijwayele.

Enye inkinga ihlobene nokungcola komuzi ngesikhathi sokugubha uNyaka Omusha. Abaningi bezithunywa zevangeli bavela kwa-Israyeli, enemithetho ejulile kanye nehlawulo kulabo abachitha umgwaqo. I-Ukraine nayo ayihambisani neze nale nkinga, izivakashi eziningi ziza unganqikazi ukulimala lapho zifuna khona. Nakulokhu, lapha kuvame ukuphawula umehluko womqondo phakathi kwamaHasidi aseMelika naseYurophu namakholwa avela kwa-Israyeli. Lezi zinsuku ziyeka ukungcola kakhulu emgwaqweni ukuthi izinkonzo ezikhethekile azikwazi ukuthola isikhathi sokuhlanza udoti. Inhlangano yamaJuda, ehlela ukuhambela eya e-Uman, kufanele iqoke abasebenzi phakathi kwabahlali bendawo ngokuqoqa imfucuza.

Ngokuvamile kuneziqephu zokuziphatha okungazenzisi, okuboniswa yi-Hasidim ye-Uman. Kunezimo zokuphikiswa yizithunywa ezizayo eziya emadolobheni. Kungani amaHasidim e-Uman athambekele ekuziphatheni ngale ndlela, kunzima ukusho ngokungaqondile. Kodwa njalo omunye wabo kufanele axoshwe ezweni.

Ukuqala kohambo lokuhamba

AmaHasidi afika nini ku-Uman? Inqwaba yezinyawo zihanjiswa eMan, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuNyaka Omusha WamaJuda, obizwa ngokuthi uRosh Hashanah. Kodwa-ke, owokuqala kubo bafika lapha ngesonto ngaphambi kokuthi babe nesikhathi sokuqasha indawo yokuhlala enhle futhi balungiselele leli holide. Njengomthetho, laba bangabameleli abacebile kakhulu emphakathini, ngoba izindleko zezindlu zingafinyelela ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane zamadola ngosuku ngosuku lomuntu ngamunye. Ngezinsuku ezine noma ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwemikhosi, ukufika okukhulu kwabantu abahamba ngezinyawo kuqala. Izindiza ezikhethekile zebhasi ziwaletha ezikhungweni zezindiza zaseKiev nase-Odessa. Zonke zihanjiswa endaweni eyodwa, ezisezitaladini ze-Chelyuskintsev. Lapho, izivakashi zihlola ngokucophelela amadokhumenti kanye nemithwalo yokutholakala kwezinto nezinto ezingavunyelwe ukuthutha. Leli phuzu lokusabalalisa lilondolozwe ngokuqinile ngamaphoyisa namagatsha akhethekile edolobheni. Abanye abahamba ngezinyawo bathunyelwa ePushkin Street, lapho iqoqo labo elivamile likhona khona. Kodwa-ke, kakade lapho sekufika khona, abantu bahlasela izivakashi ngeziphakamiso zokuqasha izindlu, abaningi bavakashela iHasidim Umani bathunyelwa ngokushesha ezindlini zabo.

Indawo yokuhlala abahamba ngezinyawo

Ngesikhathi sokufika, ngaphezu kwama-ejenti okuphoqelela umthetho, kukhona nabamele izakhiwo zamaJuda ezihlela ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Bahlangana nezivakashi, basize ukuhumusha kusuka kolimi kuya kululwimi futhi ugcine amarekhodi abafika. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kusukela ekufikeni emva kwazo zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo abahamba ngezinyawo bayathunyelwa ePushkin Street, lapho wonke amaJuda ahambela i-Uman abuthana khona. Abahambeli abahamba ngezinyawo bathola indawo yokuhlala lapha. Ngokuyinhloko basizwa izakhamuzi zendawo ezithatha ngomusa indawo yokuhlala yazo imali ehloniphekile. Intengo yalokhu yokugcina ixhomeke endaweni, phansi, uhlobo kanye nezimo zokuphila. Izakhiwo ezakhiweni eziphakeme ePushkin Street, eBelinsky, Kulik naseSofia Perovskaya zithandwa kakhulu yiHasidim eza eMan. Ingcwaba lomsanta wabo - tzaddik Nachman, ohlala eduze nalezi zitaladi, kungesizathu. Kuyinto eshibhile kancane ukuqasha izindlu ezizimele endaweni efanayo. Ishibhile sibhekwa njengezindlu kwezinye izindawo ezikude. Akavame ukuqashwa yi-Hasidim owafika e-Uman. Incwaba kaNakhman, ngokuqondile, indawo yayo, ayithinti izindleko zokuqasha izindlu ezisezingeni elingaphezu kwesitezi sesihlanu, ngisho noma zitholakala endaweni eseduze nayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nokugubha uNyaka Omusha amaJuda avunyelwe ukusebenzisa zonke izimpumelelo zentuthuko, kufaka phakathi iziphakamisi.

Izinkinga zabahambeli

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ngabahambi bezokuvakasha ukuthi umzila okhona eKievni - Uman noma o-Odessa - Uman awukhululekile kakhulu. Ngempela, kungani amaHasidi ehamba e-Uman evela emadolobheni ngamabhasi, echitha imali nemali engaphezulu, kunokuba bahambe ngqo lapho beya khona? Impendulo ikhona eqinisweni elilula lokungabikho kwezindiza. Kungekudala, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, kwakuhloswe ukuthi kulungiswe izindiza eziqondile kusuka kwa-Israyeli nakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa umphumela wale nkampani wawuwukudilizwa okuphelele kwendiza yezindiza.

Enye inkinga yilabo abahambelayo akukho uhlelo lokubekwa kahle lokucatshangelwa kahle. Ukwakhiwa kuleli hotele akakwazi ukuhlala wonke umuntu, futhi izivakashi eziningi zedolobha ziphoqeleka ukuqasha indawo yokuhlala izakhamuzi zendawo, okubonakala zibiza kakhulu futhi akuzona ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokuthola ikhaya ngemuva kokushayela indiza, ukuhamba ngebhasi, ukuma emgqeni lapho ufika khona futhi ukuhlola okuncane kuyinkambiso engafanele. Futhi uma singeza kulokhu ukungazi ulimi, ngenxa yalokho, amathuba okulinganiselwe okuxhumana nabantu bendawo, kubonakala ukuthi kunenkinga kangakanani inhlangano yeHasidim. E-Uman, nokho, abahambeli beza, bebekezela ngokuqinile konke ukuhlupheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona abalamuleli abazama ukuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona futhi banikeze abahambeli konke okudingekayo.

Iziphakamiso zokudluliselwa kwethuna lika-Tsadik Nachman

Abanye abantu, bobabili phakathi kwamaHasidim kanye nabakhileyo base-Ukraine, bayazibuza ukuthi kungani amaHasidi eza eMan njalo ngonyaka, esikhundleni sokudlulisela nje ithuna lika-Nahdik ku-Israyeli. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuphila kwabanamathela abaningi kule mfundiso bese ubagcina imali enkulu. Ngesinyathelo sokudlulisa ithuna, u-Israyeli wasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2008, ecela ukuyihambisa eJerusalema. Uhlangothi lwase-Israyeli lwalulungele ngisho nokushiya isinxephezelo semali esivulekile uma kwenzeka isinqumo esihle. Noma kunjalo, iphrojekthi yokudlulisela indawo yokungcwaba yaleli ngcwele yamaJuda yayingakaze ifinyelelwe. Ngakho-ke amaHasidi aqhubeka ekhuphukela e-Uman unyaka ngamunye, futhi inani labo, ngendlela, liyakwandisa unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kubalulekile, okokuqala, ngokuqedwa kohulumeni we-visa, futhi okwesibili, ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kweHasidislav Hasidism kumibuthano yamaJuda eminyakeni yamuva.

Izingane ekuhambeni

Kungani i-Hasidim igubha uNyaka Omusha e-Uman, sithole. Kodwa kungani abanye babo beletha izingane lapho? Iqiniso liwukuthi ubudala ebuJudeni buya phambili kunalokho okudingekayo ngemithetho yezwe. Ngakho-ke, abafana kakade baneminyaka engu-12 ubudala babhekwa njengabantu abagcwele kanye namalungu omphakathi, ngakho-ke, futhi kufanele, uma kungenzeka, vakashele ethuneni likaNachman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthatha izingane kanye nentsha nabo, abazali baphishekela imigomo yokufundisa. Ngakho-ke bafaka inhlonipho ngenkolo, amasiko awo kanye nokuhlonipha izinto zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi amaHasidi amaningi ahlala ngokuvumelana emiphakathini esemadolobheni angewona amaJuda futhi aphikisana nesizinda jikelele sabantu. Lokhu kusebenza, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga, nakuba ngisho nase-Israel, amanye amaHasidim aphuma esixukwini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingane zingabhekana nobunzima obungokwengqondo, ngakho-ke kubasiza kakhulu ukuba bavakashele izindawo zokubutha kwamasonto ezinkolo zabo, bazizwe umphakathi wabo ngezinkulungwane eziningi zomphakathi, izikhungo zazo emhlabeni jikelele.

Izingane zenzani ngesikhathi sokuhambela? Ngokuyinhloko, kufana nabantu abadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi somkhosi weRosh-Hashanah, abafana bafundiswa iTorah nomthetho wenkolo.

Ukuhamba kusuka ku-Uman

I-Hasidi ihamba nini i-Uman? Ngokuvamile ngemva nje kweholidi. I-Rosh-Hashana ngokwayo ihlala izinsuku ezimbili futhi iwa ngokuvumelana nekhalenda lamaJuda inyanga kaTishrei. Ngokwekhalenda yaseGregorian civil , lesi sikhathi nguSepthemba noma Okthoba. Lapho nje leli holide liphela, amakholwa aqala ukuhlangana emgwaqweni. Ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu bonke bayahamba.