Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": Isifinyezo kanye main izinhlamvu

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla nashtampovat futhi uchungechunge ungakujabulisi amanoveli mayelana uhlamvu ngokwethukela ngibuyela izinhlamvu zakudala futhi izindaba ngazo: Dumas - "The Musketeers Three", Conan Doyle - "Sherlock Holmes", Cooper - "Pathfinder". Isifinyezo adventure siyikhumbule ukuphila ngamunye. Lena amadayimane yangempela etemibhalo. Phela, ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo ukubhala ezinye izindaba, kuyilapho esaziwa isitayela izingqikithi, ukugcina umfundi futhi wonke umuntu ephoqeleka ukuba abuyele ochungechungeni lokuqala amanoveli ukuze uthole imininingwane.

Kwazi bani Chingachgook

Omunye umjikelezo emangalisayo izindaba mayelana amaNdiya wabhala Dzheyms Fenimor Kuper. "Pathfinder ngaphambi kwalokho, noma ogwini lalo Ontario" - ukuqhutshekiselwa okunengqondo amanoveli esedlule oyenzile. Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1940 futhi ngokushesha wathandwa izinhliziyo abafundi abaningi, ukuphinde bahlangane elinezinhlamvu zakho ozithandayo. Lokhu umzingeli abanesibindi Nataniel Bampo nomngani bakhe abathembekile Chingachgook obomvu - amaqhawe izincwadi ezimbili eyedlule, "Deerslayer" futhi "The Last of the Mohicans."

Sifunde ukuthi iqhawe ayithandayo, ubhala Cooper, Ranger. Izinhlamvu main kule noveli yesithathu - Thuli abasha amahle Dunham a seaman abanesibindi Charles Kep, owayaziwa 'amanzi Salt ", omncane juqu Dzhasper Uestern, okuyinto captivates le ngendlela elula neqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlamvu ezimbili ezintsha Indian: iqhawe ukushayisa Umcibisholo futhi umkakhe osemusha Rosa I Juni.

Wonderful nemvelo - ngesisekelo ugqozi

Le noveli lihlelwe 1759 ngesikhathi neMpi ngesihluku futhi olunegazi French futhi Indian ogwini Lake Ontario. Lona wahlala khona njengomfokazi walwa Ranger; Cooper Izibuyekezo ngizwile ngokuphindaphindiwe ngobuhle emangalisa zensimu Indian. Ikakhulukazi umbhali abasha, kokuba aphonswe izifundo zakhe Yale University inkonzo lemikhumbi yempi, wathola ukuthi ukuqashwa kwakhe okokuqala kwaba kulezi zindawo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kudalwa iningi amanoveli echibini yesehlakalo isibe okwenza for izindaba zakhe.

Ngalokho ekutshela Cooper? "Pathfinder", sifinyeto okuyinto, kubonakala, angadluliselwa ngamagama ambalwa, kuba ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho, ngo-1759, leli zwe imbozwe impi wezimpi ezalandela. Akukho ukuphila nokufa ukulwa amasosha Indian impi French njalo. Kusukela lokulwa kuthatha ikakhulukazi endaweni emahlathini, ukuhamba kuzo kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngisho amakhilomitha ambalwa enhliziyweni emahlozini ehlathi kungamenza alahlekelwe ukuphila isihambi abanesibindi.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Yiziphi ezamehlela ezichazwe kule noveli lwesithathu, Cooper? "Pathfinder", sifinyeto okufanele ziqale ukuphinda uyixoxe lokho nesishiyagalolunye American Thuli Dunham ufuna ukuya Lake Ontario, lapho le nqaba uyise, wembula yinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwane phakathi British, isiFulentshi futhi Indian. Esikhathini ezinzima neziyingozi uhambo Owesifazane esihambisana uMalume Charles - itilosi ubudala wathola amaNdiya isidlaliso "Usawoti amanzi". Kodwa nhlobo ihlathi imigwaqo, ngakho njengoba ejenti ye Thuli nolwandle impisi ubudala kuyinto izithandani Indian - Warrior Tuscarora ukushayisa Boom nonkosikazi wakhe uRose I Juni, ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ubuhle bayo nobumnene. Lungiselela squad uyaqhubeka uhambo ...

Umhlangano nge wort iSt John sika

Ngokushesha, umzingeli abancane bangasondela ukuhogela intuthu umlilo. Iyala kumasathalayithi Yeka ukushayisa Umcibisholo wobungane ngokucophelela singene phakathi esinindolweni. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa observation, angabiki nesigceme of yezakhi yabo. Bona ubilise phansi iqiniso lokuthi lokhu uhlobo umlilo kungaba okhela nomlungu kuphela. AmaNdiya ukukwenza izinga ehlukile futhi kangcono ngokuya ukugqiba intuthu. Ngemva emfushane umkhandlu wezempi kwanqunywa ukuthumela amadoda ukuba enze uphenyo. Nokho, Mabel basiphikise plan, ethi futhi ufuna ukuthatha ingxenye ngokuqondile ukuvakasha. Sasilwa eside futhi wanquma ndawonye ukuhlangabezana ingozi engenzeka. Yilokho kusilethela ngiqala ngqá ukuya emhlanganweni nge heroes ubudala F. Cooper. Ranger akufihlekile hhayi kufihlwe - ngesizotha umemezela khona yayo.

Isexwayiso sekungene emthonjeni intuthu, lezihambi wabona evulekile encane ukuthi bakhonza endaweni njengoba ubambeke ngoba la madoda amathathu - ababili abamhlophe nowesilisa oyedwa abomvu. Ukuze ugweme ubudlova ezingadingekile kumngane Thumela Mabel. Kakade, akekho umKristu olungile neze bacibishele owesifazane. Yiqiniso, amadoda kungukuthi wacabanga ngiyothatha izikhali zabo. Indian Kuyathakazelisa ebheka Thuli nangomoya ozolile wabuyela nje idili lakhe.

Ekwenzeni intombazane wema indoda ka amane, okuyinto efika kuqala like intombazane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e amaphupho engawuboni amele iqhawe ephelele, le ndoda kwadingeka enjalo engasenathonya obuqand nokuvuleka, ngakho umuntu sithembeke futhi sibe nomusa ukuthi ngokushesha wathandwa trust Mabel. Akapholisanga maseko waqinisekisa intombazane e ukuphepha ephelele izinhloso zabo futhi wazethula - wort iSt John sika (ngakho-ke, futhi ngokuthi trilogy yakhe Fenimor Kuper "Ranger ...").

Ngesicelo uyise

Ukubona ukumangala osemusha, Deerslayer wachaza ukuthi yena wanikezwa amaNdiya isidlaliso likhono lekubona le izimpawu imfihlo bemvelo. Kodwa Thuli wamangala ngaso sonke igama ongavamile lo muntu. Wakhumbula incwadi kayise, eyayintula ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhamba. It Usayitsheni abanolwazi okukhulunywa wayeyindoda nge isidlaliso, ngaleso sicelo sakhe, kwadingeka ukuba ahambe amahlathi wentombazane yingozi. Futhi lo mhlangano eyenzekile.

wort iSt John sika, Okwamanje, owethulwa nabangane bakhe, base abakhulu Indian Chingachgook ngelika INyoka Mikhulu itilosi abanamakhono Dzhasper Uestern. A lamabutho elincane Thuli kuxhomeke kakhulu bomlilo abathathu abanolwazi, kodwa wahamba ngendlela yakhe.

umgwaqo esiyingozi

Kakhulu picturesquely wazichaza nokuzidela Cooper. "Pathfinder", umthole oyoxoxa emfushane lapho angena umusho owodwa, dlulela egcwele zonke izinhlobo lezimanga. Hhayi kanye, hhayi Thuli kabili nabangane bakhe bahlukunyezwa befaka ukuphila kwabo engozini. Bawela umfula eziyingozi, ubufebe ihlathi emahlozini, sokugwema ugibe ngobuqili esabekwa amaNdiya. Futhi ekugcineni, ubuso nobuso nenkani American isizwe Indian - the Iroquois.

Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi bophula Yiqiniso, ngifike Nataniel Bampo. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo emhlabeni wayebizwa ngokuthi wort iSt John sika. Ngenxa isibindi wayo nangokuzimisela, ulwazi endaweni ezungezile nabangani Mabel abakwazanga ukuya IsiZulu Fort eLake Ontario.

Roman - kukhombisa ngokoqobo

Nokho, lapho ngifika ngo-enqabeni, abahambi bethu bangene nomaye enkulu nakakhulu. Njengazo zonke ukufaka akude lempi akudingeki contact njalo nezwe elingaphandle, le nqaba, noma ngokuxabana kunalokho, ikhanda layo evezwa kanye nokuntuleka ukubonakala isiyalo. It wayazi F. Cooper: "Pathfinder" utshela indaba into neze ezingavamile, futhi ezisuka kusukela yokuntuleka kwabasebenzi.

Kungenxa tangle ezinjalo neminjunju futhi yamjabulisa Thuli nabangane bakhe. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi amahora okuqala angu-sokuhlala kwenu emboniselweni Thuli lamabutho umkhuzi esolwa ukaputeni wakhe okuvukela uMbuso Western, bemmangalela ukuhlola. Old uSergeant Dunham ekuqaleni bangabaza ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. amazwi kumqashi wakhe, kodwa-ke, kancane kancane ekushintsheni kwemibono, ukukhathalela i seaman ngokwethembeka izinsolo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngibeleselwa umqondo ukunikeza ukuphela kwendodakazi yakhe ishade Natty Bumppo. Ngokusho kwakhe, lo muntu uzokwazi ukwenza injabulo Mabel. Khonamanjalo ingenayo umqondo mayelana izinhlelo kayise. USergeant kakhulu uphefumulela Deerslayer wacabanga ukuthi Thuli feeds abanye imizwa imfihlo futhi emsulwa ngakuyo. engemuva yomkhumbi Kuphendvula St John sika ekuqaleni obusolisayo nomngane ayebatshele zona ubudala. Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo bekulokhu ezimbalwa femme fatales, ngemva kokuhlangana nabo Bumpo ngangilila isifungo isakuvumela inhliziyo yakhe ukuthandana.

Ranger nabesifazane

Ubuhlobo Complicated nabesifazane Hypericum ezichazwe amanoveli lokuqala Cooper. Ranger, sifinyeto izindaba uthando ukuthi ingadlulela ngezwi "Kuyishwa", ukhetha ukuhlala mahhala futhi engaboshiwe umshado. Ngo izindaba zangaphambili sikhuluma okunamathiselwe ku-ke Dzhudit Harter - Floating indodakazi kaTom; kanye abasha Alice Monroe, naye owayenethemba imprudence imizwa elikhanyayo ukuze insimbi Deerslayer. Khona-ke Nathaniel wema. Ngenhlanhla Ngikhetha abesifazane ekuphileni khulula ngokwemvelo nabangani abathembekile.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umthelela Dunhema sibucayi kakhulu, noma nje ukhathele isizungu, St John sika, ekugcineni, owayo uthandana Mabel. Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela enesisindo umxhwele yayo, wacabanga amathuba sinikeza intokazi e imizwa yakho futhi inikeza isandla sakhe senhliziyo. Disclaimer Thuli kwaba buhlungu sina ukuzazisa ka amane umzingeli. Uqinisile wakhulelwa love story Dzheyms Kuper. Ranger kwaba kakhulu bamangale lapho Mabel uthando kwaba nobungane ngobuqotho.

The French akuzona elele

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, le nqaba baqale ukwenza izinto ezimbi kakhulu. Yashaya Umcibisholo, Indian eyodwa ababehamba Thuli kuyise, waphenduka uyinhloli ubudala French. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakungekhona ukungena ensimini le nqaba futhi umbiko eyalandela ngenani kanye amandla ebutho lenqaba yalo zabanikazi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo ukuchayeka wasusa izinsolo nge induna Western. Kodwa ngakolunye - abakhileyo inqaba aqaphela ukuthi isitha akusho ukulala futhi silungele kuhlasela. Ngokushesha le nqaba usebhekene ukuhlaselwa enamandla kwezinhloko zamaviyo French azihlanganisa, okuyinto washaqiswa sibonga isibindi wort iSt John sika kanye iziphuphutheki yayo.

Nesithembiso esenziwa uyise

Ngeshwa, impi yaphela elokugcina ngoba Sgt Dunhema ubudala, ayelimele kabi. Ebulawa ngendodakazi yakhe, uthatha isithembiso sakhe - ukushada Natty Bumppo kuphela. Siphuke imimoya Thuli uyafunga ukufeza izifiso lokugcina iqhawe elidala. wort iSt John sika ngokujabula uthola imvume intombazane ukuba abe ngumkakhe. Kancane kancane ke iqaphela ukuthi Thuli nikwenza ngaphakathi. Ukufunda mayelana isifungo, Nathaniel ukhulula nkosazana esencane ezivela kuye. Phela, wayehawukela umzingeli mahhala, futhi zonke ukubonakaliswa ebugqilini Akwamukelekile ukuthi kuye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ranger ayebone labo ukubukeka benana phakathi kukakaputeni kanye abasha Western Mabel. Lokhu ekugcineni wakholisa umzingeli ngokunemba wesenzo. Kakade eseshadile ukuze ukaputeni, Mabel lusizi omnene. Uyaqaphela ukuthi wort iSt John sika wamthanda ngempela, kodwa ngenxa ukufaneleka kwakhe ayisekho zama ukuhlangana naye.