Ejele inqaba Tobolsk, nezinye ejele sivala owaziwa

Noma iyiphi inqaba ejele, naphezu kokuqala umbono owakhayo futhi enhle, kubonakala lifiphele. Amakhasi edabukisayo yomlando ngesikhathi isiboshwa, isetshenziswa lonke ukubukeka kwakhe linikeza umqondo edabukisayo.

belusizi handsome

Ngokwesibonelo, lo odumile French castle Conciergerie Paris. Yakhelwe njengoba yokuhlala zamakhosi, waphenduka etilongweni inqaba. Futhi nge 1793 jikelele wathola enomlando wokuba ejele enobudlova kakhulu eFrance. iziboshwa zalo zazikunye Marie Antoinette, Maksimilian Robesper, Emile Zola, Mata Hari. Futhi kulokho engela ubuka it cha, lithathwe njengendlela yokuhlala zamakhosi kanzima, efikayo engqondweni kuyizwi "setilongweni." Kwamenywa izibonelo ezinjalo: edumile Chateau d'Uma, futhi Tower of Dover - beni ngesiNgisi ziyaphawuleka, ejele kanyekanye ayakhiwe ngu uWilliam uMnqobi. Tower, emi osebeni iThames, liyisikhungo zomlando yaseLondon. Kuwo wonke umlando walo, kwaba inqaba futhi esigodlweni, arsenal, Mint Observatory. Kodwa ekuqondeni abantu abaningi - lena ejele emnyama London. Uhlu ungakwazi ashona Castle Sant'Angelo eRoma isikhungo kanye Austrian "Bastille" Mukachevo castle "Palanok" futhi "Pearl of the isiboshwa Orient - Tashkent Central. Lezi zakhiwo ezinhle ngempela, kodwa ubuhle amnyama yabo futhi ayivamile ukubangela injabulo.

olungaphambili lwesonto ahlukile

Ngo ibinzana "setilongweni inqaba" elithi oyinhloko kuyinto "ejele," bese "uvala". Ngokuvamile, lezi zakhiwo babelwa zinendima ethile ehlukile, kodwa Inqaba e Tobolsk kusukela ekuqaleni eyakhelwe njengoba esejele. Futhi ngo-ke wayengumuntu kuze 1989, lapho-ke wayiswa Polar Urals ku ezisemadolobheni-uhlobo isiphetho Ihabhu. Nokho, ngasizathu simbe, akazange ababukele edabukisayo. Mhlawumbe kungcono konke mayelana umbala? Tobolsk ejele inqaba (photo enamathiselwe), ikakhulukazi olungaphambili lwesonto APC, uma kungekhona udonga nhlobo ngabe wawufana yaseshashalazini. Noma esigodlweni amakhosi endawo. Yebo, futhi itholakala enkabeni yedolobha.

isiboshwa eyinkimbinkimbi

Kodwa, naphezu ubuhle eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, kungcono omunye emnyama emajele Russian kanye eSiberia - esinonya. Phakathi kweziboshwa kwakuvamile a ukuqiniseka ngokujulile ukuthi kungcono ukuya ukufukuziswa kuka e Tobolsk "krytku" (ejele embozwe), okuyinto wayedume ngisho uhlobo endaweni ekhethekile ukujeziswa. Kwakukhona "abandayo", "omnyama" futhi amakhamera "ezimanzi" ezazikhona wonke amajele Russian. Kodwa empeleni basuke kwahambisana by eyinkimbinkimbi isijeziso amaseli ngokuthi "hot", "ingilazi", "umkhomo" futhi "omnyama." Kokunye ubengase ukuhlala noma ukulala ngoba kokufulela ongaphakeme, e "ingilazi" - ume nje udonga e "hot" ipuleti waba ejele. Lokhu castle ejele idume sokuhlushwa yayo inquisitorial ( "Slingshot" futhi "izihlalo", "izicathulo" futhi "uchungechunge"). Linikeza uyasijezisa ezifana isiboshwa riveting emdulini okwesikhathi esiyiminyaka engu-5. Shackles amanye Iziboshwa kwakudingeka kungekho shot ukuthi ushintshe Gait komuntu futhi kwenze kube liyabonakala. Nombaleki wayezimisele ngokushesha. Lapha wanquma kwezinye iziboshwa ezazikanye ngendlela ekhethekile - ncamashi nengxenye inhloko aphuce. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa endle kanye kwakunokwenzeka ukufunda oweqa ejele.

Iposi ezinkulu zesiteji

Tobolsk Central - Ikhasi iyinkathazo umlando yedolobha, okuyinto kwaba iphuzu zokuthutha umphakathi ukuze iziboshwa eziningi. Tobolsk babedinga kakhulu entsha, ejele ibe banzi. Futhi 1838 Petersburg, isinqumo ukwakhiwa kwalo muzi ejele castle ezinkulu. Le phrojekthi is owned by umakhi yesifundazwe Weigel. Kwanqunywa ukuqedela ukwakhiwa eminyakeni 4, kusukela 1841-th. Amathenda ukwakhiwa kanye ukukhiqizwa yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa wephephandaba capital, kukhethwa indawo futhi esiwaphathisiwe umakhi rasplanirovka Suvorov. Kungani-ke wakhethwa njengosuku enkabeni yedolobha, okungukuthi onqenqemeni enyakatho ntshonalanga Cape zintathu? Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi isibalo zezombusazwe anda kancane kancane, futhi ngaphezu Tobolsk Indawo adingiselwa waba Ukudlula iphuzu ezinkulu - ukugeleza uya kwesokudla phakathi komuzi. Okwesibili, lapha, esikhathini Tobolsk ezibiyele, kwamiswa ngenxa ye Ukudilizwa agugile inqaba udonga e-1782 futhi kubhidlizwe le ebhidlikayo-zintathu iSonto ngo-1791-m indawo ekahle. Ngakho, ayakhiwe ngu into ngokushesha yaphenduka inqaba ejele Tobolsk Kremlin. Futhi manje ukukhangana esemqoka yedolobha - lokhu kuyiso sonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo esisogwini Cape zintathu.

eSiberia sidle

into isikhathi okufakwayo imisiwe, Weigel wayiswa Perm, abaklami zishintshile futhi wawuthumba esigabeni sokugcina kumeluleki titular and umklami Chernenko. Kakade eseqedile amaphiko ohlangothini weneliseka ukwamukelwa ikhomishana Uphahla lwangaphakathi eliphezulu hhayi - basuke okushintshiwe. Ngaphakathi ejele wakha okuningi izindlu, kuhlanganise esibhedlela nge ekhemisi kanye workshop for lokuthunga izicathulo. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, phakathi ukwakhiwa, kwanqunywa ukwakha isonto. Konke lokhu imisiwe inkathi nokuthuma. Futhi-25 Novemba 1855 inqaba ejele (Tobolsk) futhi isonto ngesikhathi abazinikele e egameni Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Sikhambisana izikhathi

Izindleko kule nto endlini yengcebo ruble ayizigidi 130 esiliva. Ijele yayinkulu - insimu yayo ibekwe amakamelo ezine ezinkulu kakhulu iziboshwa, okulandelayo okunye enkundleni. Lokhu ejele Kwakhiwani ngokuhambisana nezidingo isikhathi endaweni enjengale - futhi esibhedlela ababanjwe Commission nesitolo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, savula lapha esontweni. Kodwa V G. Korolenko, owayevakashela lapha isiboshwa kabili, echazwe ezethusayo esikhungweni avelelwe e indaba yakhe "Yasha". Ngaphandle naye kwakukhona N. Chernyshevsky F. Dostoevsky, M. Petrashevsky futhi uSolzhenitsyn, uFanny Kaplan.

sightliness ezikhohlisayo

Yonke ejele eziyinkimbinkimbi siqukethe izakhiwo ezinhlanu, lapho, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukubukeka akuhlanganisi ejele. Futhi izakhiwo (Isakhiwo esesiphelile ngasekupheleni isitayela Classical), lapho ezinye izihloko wasebenzisa isiphawulo "nenhle", futhi umbala ezivalekile akufanele kwalokho abantu bendawo ngokwazi ukuthi empeleni kuyinto inqaba ejele (Tobolsk). Photo isicelo kusukela ngezansi inikezwe wathi ukunconywa.

Imibandela yeziboshwa iziboshwa, njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, babe okukhulu kakhulu eSiberia. Ejele nezibhelu Kwagqashuka ngokuphindaphindiwe, enkulu kunazo zonke okwakukhona phakathi neminyaka 1907 no-1918.

ukufa isicupho

Yiqiniso, kwakukhona nokubulawa ebaleni lokudlala iziboshwa ngesikhathi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu uStalin laba indawo uyaca nokubulawa nemingcwabo. Tobolsk eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba besho izangoma, uye waqongelela omningi emandleni amabi, ngoba iziboshwa Russian ngokuthi "ithuna" inqaba ejele. Tobolsk yaziwa ngokuba isikhungo sokuqondisa esifundazweni, lapho yena wazalwa futhi wahlala Geogy Rasputin - umuntu, inzalo okungadingi zinyamalale ngeminyaka. Ezibiyele komuzi, i Ensemble ohlanganisa inqaba ejele, kubhekwe iparele eSiberia - enqabeni itshe kuphela esifundeni esise-Ural. Ube engumlobi njalo owawina esigabeni mncintiswano "7 Wonders of Russia".

"Izindawo hhayi kude kangaka" eNingizimu Palmyra

Of the izikhungo yalolu hlobo ukunakwa olungenamkhawulo kufanele sivumele, futhi manje Odessa ejele inqaba. Isizathu sokuba ukwakhiwa yayo Usenguyena - ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, kabili isibalo seziboshwa. Lesi sakhiwo, zakhiwa eceleni komgwaqo Lustdorf ngokuqinisekile nice ukuthi ubuhle futhi elimnyama, elalihlala asitholakali isakhiwo ejele, okungukuthi sivala. Isayithi, wanikezela iziphathimandla zedolobha, eholwa ke-UMbusi George Marazli, laliseduze emathuneni yobuKristu. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngu-Alexander ngaleyo O. Tomishko, elakhiwe abadumile ejele Petersburg "Crosses". Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba uvala yayo lalimelela wesiphambano umbhoshongo maphakathi ngaphakathi. Zonke etshiyeneyo ezine storey amaphiko abe ezindlini. Kanye emaphethelweni zalezi zakhiwo behlaliswe ngedwa.

Ijele kwaba zanamuhla, isakhiwo esibhedlela imibhede engamakhulu, nazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo, Foundry nokunye. Konke lokhu Yakhiwa izitini eliphezulu. Ngo-1895, eParis, le nqaba ejele futhi eMoscow ziye waqaphela njengoba the best in Russia. Kwakukhona Leon Trotsky, George Kotovsky futhi Mishka Jap.

Isonto lokuqala ke ejele

Irkutsk ejele inqaba kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi, okokuqala ngodonga lwamatshe (1800) waqala ukwakha isonto. Kwakuthinta babeka phezu esangweni emaphakathi futhi lanikezelwa Bishop lakwaBhenjamin 1803 behlonipha Boris futhi Gleb. Bamakhela ke ku iminikelo abantu. Ibandla kwadingeka simise mancane futhi olinganise kwesokudla, umbhoshongo insimbi wanika isithala sabalindi. ngo-1857 ukuze uqale ukwakhiwa enqabeni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le phrojekthi sesamukelwe Imeya I. I. Shats uchitshiyelwe. Kwavezwa ukwengeza izinsiza ezidingekayo - zokugeza, emakhishini zokwandisa edingekayo kanye nendlu umnakekeli. Enye isichibiyelo sihlinzekela ukwakhiwa emfishane kuzo zonke izakhiwo, kwanqunywa ukuba wakhele isitezi saleso sakhiwo esikhulu, esangenza hhayi ukwakha indlu ehlukile umnakekeli yesibili. Futhi ukwakhiwa umzimba omkhulu itshe wethulwa 1958. Futhi njengoba ejele elidala ngokushesha ubhujiswe, iziboshwa okwesikhashana ibekwe ku-ubudala isakhiwo indwangu ifektri futhi baqala ukuzisebenzisa njengoba kwetisebenti ekwakhiweni enqabeni, ngisho ne pay encane.

indlela ibhizinisi

Sakha ejele inqaba emhlabeni wonke, ukuvumela ukukhomba futhi yahlanganiswa kanjani abasebenzi engcono. Of iziboshwa kamuva ihlanganiswe amaqembu professional abakhi nabacishi bomlilo. Futhi ngenkathi zonke msebenzi waze waqedelwa ehlobo lika-1960, lesi sakhiwo engakaze wasungula ngoNovemba 1961. I iziboshwa zithuthwa ziyiswa kwezinye khona kuphela ngoDisemba 1861. Kwadalwa A. I. Losev, lokhu castle Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe enhle kunazo ebhilidini e-Irkutsk. Umsebenzi wokwakha wenziwa khona cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi - ke wakha i-workshop for lokuthunga zokugqoka yangaphandle, isakhiwo esibhedlela kabusha, ezimbili ezigcwele-4 no-3-storey esakhiweni ezindlini for abasebenzi kanye Cantor. Kusukela 2006, i-Museum kwavulwa izakhiwo yisivikelo. Iziboshwa edume kakhulu babe F. E. Dzerzhinsky kanye AV Kolchak. Engaphandle ngothango ekhona etilongweni endlini inombolo 63. udonse kuze kungaba inombolo tram 4 futhi ngenombolo ibhasi 64 futhi 4k (ayeke Kazan emakethe).

abantu Ukhohlwe noNkulunkulu

manje Danilovsky ejele inqaba bashiya futhi ubhujiswe. Yakhelwe in the 60s kwekhulu XIX njengoba ejele lendawo, lalisetshenziswa inhloso yazo kuze 1960. Khona-ke, e izakhiwo castle kobuholi Yaroslavl esifundeni ezakhiwa emafektri for Civil Defense, kwavala ngo-2000. Manje emanxiweni Uyi oyingqophamlando ka edolobheni Danilov. Ejele Castle esifundazweni Cherni Tula lakhiwa wezakhiwo A. Meyngardom eminyakeni 1849-1855. Ijele kwaba esinezitezi ezimbili encane, naye kwaba isonto elincane. Kodwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ke yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, ngisho izithombe wahlala encane.

Ingxenye ngomlando walo muzi

Futhi-ke has inqaba yalo ejele Chembara (1948 - Belinsky). Itholakala ku Penza esifundeni. Lesi sakhiwo uye waba nezinguquko baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele emangalisayo. Yakhelwe eminyakeni 1854-1856 emakethe, liye lalondolozwa futhi manje. Kusukela ngo-1985, futhi kuze kube muva nje wawusegunjini Wezingane Art House, njengasekuqaleni - esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngemva inguquko, itshe odongeni enamandla elalidiliziwe, nesakhiwo ezimbili storey wanikezwa inombolo esikoleni 1. Kepha yetilongo emigodini nokuhlukunyezwa emakamelweni. Muva nje, indlu ehlelekile banikelwa njengezingane endalini, kodwa izicelo zomphakathi eziphathimandleni imvume iinthombe isakhiwo ohlwini lezinto eziyingxenye yefa yamasiko aleli dolobha. Kodwa ngempela, isakhiwo eminyakeni engaba ngu-160 ubudala, nesithakazelo emlandweni ukwakha naye umthengisi we inhlangano yesibili K. A. Shugaevym iconostasis isonto. Wakha-ke ngemali yakhe siqu kumemori abazali bakhe.