Ejenti Antiplatelet: uhlu izidakamizwa. Anticoagulants namanxusa antiplatelet, izici zabo

Yandisa ukopha kuvame ukubangela thrombosis, okuholela nemiphumela eqatha, kuhlanganise nokufa. Yezemithi kwentuthuko uvumele kusindiswe ukuphila iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka ezinjalo ngenxa yokwelapha yesondlo njengoba ethola izidakamizwa antiplatelet.

Yiziphi anticoagulants?

izakhiwo Rheological wegazi ukulinganisela phakathi coagulation futhi anticoagulation izinhlelo. Ngo nekugcina lokulinganisa njengoba anticoagulant yemvelo iqhaza antithrombin III futhi heparin, nesebenzela umsebenzi antithrombotic oqondile, ukuthi, ukuvimbela ukwakheka ihlule legazi. Lo mshini wezenzo wale mithandazo ezihambisana ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi nge antithrombin III, okuphumela ekwakhiweni kwe-antithrombin asebenzayo. Yena, unesibopho sesibopho ukuthobisa thrombin, okwenza kube ngasebenzi - kunomthelela okusithiyayo of thrombus kumiswa. Nokho, Antithrombin III ngokwayo nayo anezakhi anticoagulant ngu inactivating thrombin, ukusabela okuphuma kancane kakhulu.

Ikhono heparin ukuqinisekisa inactivation ka thrombin incike inani antithrombin III egazini. Kuyadingeka umthamo udinga ukulungiswa esekelwe ukuhlaziywa. Ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqashwa kukaNksz izidakamizwa amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa - heparin futhi antithrombin III, ngesikhathi umthamo ofanayo akhethiwe ngamunye umuntu ngamunye.

Sesibopho ukuthobisa antithrombin - hhayi umsebenzi kuphela heparin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyakwazi ukuba ngivule fibrin ngaphandle iqhaza plasmin, ibizwa ngokuthi lysis non-enzymatic. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kumiswa compounds nge ezihlukahlukene izinto eziphila abakhuthele, kuhlanganise peptides futhi hormone. Phakathi kwezinye izici ukuhlukanisa nokucindezela eziningi enzyme abahilelekile ukuvuvukala (kunciphisa umfutho walo), kanye ukwenza kusebenze Esilula lipase futhi sithuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi izitsha inhliziyo.

Uyini ejenti antiplatelet?

Amalungiselelo anticoagulants namanxusa antiplatelet kahle kusetshenziswa imithi. Leli gama wathola izimali, okuyinto zivimbela kunenze nisondelane (wokuhlanganisa) wamangqamuzana egazi - zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet. Lo mshini wezenzo yalezi izinto ihlukile, esangenza amaqembu amaningana. ejenti Antiplatelet, uhlu olubanzi nezidakamizwa ihlukaniswa kanje.

1. Calcium abamelene ( "Verapamil").
2. Enzyme inhibitor, okuhlanganisa izinto ezicindezela cyclooxygenase (acetylsalicylic acid, "naproxen", "Indomethacin") kanye cyclase adenylate futhi phosphodiesterase ( "Ticlopidine", "Pentoxifylline").
3. Izidakamizwa ukufukula kumiswa prostacyclin ( "pirazolinov").
4. Prostanoids ( "Prostacyclin" futhi analogue yayo zokwenziwa imvelaphi).
5. Izidakamizwa ezicindezela ukudedelwa izinto eziqukethwe platelet ( "Pyracetam").

ubufakazi

izidakamizwa Antiplatelet - izidakamizwa abamagama abo abaningi abawazi ngenxa isicelo ebanzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko leli qembu - of thrombosis prophylaxis. izidakamizwa Antiplatelet - izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngempumelelo eziningi pathologies zenhliziyo, kanye ngemuva kokuhlinzwa (wokufakelwa inhliziyo valve).

ejenti Antiplatelet: uhlu izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokwelapha

Izidakamizwa ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu leli qembu, impela eningi, futhi konke izici zabo. Ukukhethwa kwe-izidakamizwa incike esimweni emtholampilo. Futhi-ke, zokuzelapha kulesi simo ukuthi akulungile.

"Aspirin"

Ngo ukulawulwa hemostasis eicosanoids ezihilelekile eziwumkhiqizo we namachibi of arachidonic acid. Phakathi ebaluleke kakhulu thromboxane A2, futhi eyinhloko umsebenzi walo - ukuqinisekisa platelet wokuhlanganisa. Isenzo-aspirin siqondiswe okusithiyayo we-enzyme, ngokuthi cyclooxygenase. Ngenxa yalokhu zamagama is bebengaphuzile tomboksana A2, ngakho engasenamahloni thrombus kumiswa izinqubo. Umthelela kwandisa uma kabusha ngokuthatha izidakamizwa ngenxa yokuzuza. Ukuze uthole okusithiyayo ephelele cyclooxygenase edingekayo engayitholi nsuku. Umthamo elikhulu kunciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle, "aspirin" ngisho nokusebenzisa njalo. Dose yokukhuphuka akwamukeleki, ngoba kukhona ingozi yezinkinga ukopha.

"Ticlopidine"

Izidakamizwa zisekelwe ivimbela receptor ezithile ukuthi banesibopho amahlule. Ngokuvamile, uma uxhumanise kubo kukhona ushintsho Adp platelet wokuhlanganisa inkanuko yobulili kanye okwenyanga, futhi "Ticlopidine" kuvimbela le nqubo. Isici se-ejenti antiplatelet kuyinto bioavailability okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ibangelwa high speed ukuncela. Ngemva ukukhansela umphumela siyenzeka ngisho izinsuku 3-5. I ethile inombolo enkulu yemiphumela emibi, kuhlanganise ezivamile isicanucanu, uhudo, isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi futhi agranulocytosis.

"Clopidogrel"

ejenti Antiplatelet ngokuvumelana uhlobo isinyathelo kufana "ticlopidine", kodwa inzuzo yalo iyona ubuthi iphansana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi nemiphumela engemihle uma nithatha le izidakamizwa lingaphansi kakhulu. Njengamanje ochwepheshe makudle "clopidogrel" ngenxa ukungabi yezinkinga ezifana agranulocytosis futhi thrombocytopenia.

"Eptifibatide"

Umuthi unika wokuhlanganisa ngu ekuvimbeni glycoprotein, esemgwaqweni ulwelwesi platelet. Esiwabelwe bolus emthanjeni, ngokuvamile angina futhi angioplasty ukunciphisa amathuba isilethikusebenza.

"Dipyridamole"

Umthelela eyinhloko izidakamizwa - vasodilatation engaphansi, okungukuthi ukunwetshwa imithambo yegazi, kodwa wathi uyazithanda antiplatelet umphumela ubizwa abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi kuhlangene nezinye izidakamizwa. "Dipyridamole" bebhincile "aspirin", uma kunobungozi okusezingeni eliphezulu amahlule. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba okuhlangana ngayo "warfarin", ukuthi ngempumelelo isicelo emva wokufakelwa inhliziyo umphini ukunciphisa amathuba embolisms. Ngo monotherapy umphumela lingaphansi evelele.

izidakamizwa Antiplatelet - izidakamizwa (uhlu: "Elikvis", "clopidogrel" kanye nabanye), is kabanzi umkhuba.

Izimo

Ukuqokwa yokwelapha antiplatelet kudinga umlando ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa ulwazi comorbidity. Ephambi kwezinduna isifo kuyinto contraindication ukuthola imithi kuleli qembu, yokulungiswa uhlelo ukwelashwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukukhethwa izidakamizwa ngabanye kanye imithamo yabo, kanye nokwelashwa wenziwa ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha esiqinile. Akunakusetshenziswa ngeke aphoyintimenti esizimele ejenti antiplatelet, ngoba imiphumela ingaba yinhlekelele.

Uhlu Izimo:

• komzimba;
• oluhambisana diathesis;
• ingozi ukopha;
• isibindi ezinzima nezinso esingamahlalakhona;
• umlando arrhythmia;
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ezinzima;
• izifo obstructive umgudu wokuphefumula;
• yobudala Wezingane (ngemikhiqizo kakhulu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi antiplatelet ejenti (uhlu imikhiqizo sibuyekezwe kulesi sihloko) kuthiwa contraindicated phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye lactation. Phakathi nale nkathi, kufanele ayethanda izidakamizwa ukuthi ziphephile ukuba ingane futhi lo mama.

ejenti Antiplatelet. Izidakamizwa: uhlu sokukhulelwa

Uma wephula ukuzungeza fetus ingozi isisu. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi esingamahlalakhona fetoplacental. Uma wephula ukulethwa oxygen igazi embungwini hypoxia ezinzima, okuyinto okusongelayo hhayi kuphela ukuhluka ekuthuthukisweni yayo, kodwa futhi nokufa. Lapho kuhlolwa i-pathology zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, esakhiwa ekuthuthukiseni ukugeleza kwegazi, ukunciphisa viscosity igazi. Nokho, ukuze sithole le laqokwa ejenti antiplatelet, qaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izidakamizwa kuleli qembu ziphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa kuphela ezinye izimali.

"Kurantil"

Umuthi zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ohlwini yayo Izimo kungekho bekhulelwe nangenkathi bencelisa. isithako "Chime" - dipyridamole ezichazwe ngaphambilini, okuyinto dilates imithambo yegazi futhi kuvimbela thrombus kumiswa. Ithuthukisa esivimba amanzi ukugeleza kwegazi, ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa lemali edingekayo umoya-mpilo. Ngale ndlela, i-K "Urantia" ingasetshenziswa khona isifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Nokho, lapho kuboniswa khona esiyinhloko abakhulelwe kubalulekile ukwehluleka placentofetal. Ngokwenza ngcono izakhiwo rheological legazi vasodilatation, izitsha zokuvimbela odla umzanyana, ngakho-fetus akusho uhlushwa hypoxia. A inzuzo eyengeziwe zomuthi kungenziwa ngokuthi umphumela immunomodulating. Umuthi ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana interferon, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ingozi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane e unina. Nakuba "Kurantil" futhi ingasetshenziswa phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye lactation, kodwa kufanele ubeke kuphela uma kuboniswe. Nakuba ngokuthatha izidakamizwa kufanele kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa itiye nekhofi njengoba wehlise ekulenzeni libe namandla. izidakamizwa Antiplatelet - izidakamizwa (Uhlu olungenhla) okungafanele kuhlangene isiphuzo ezinjalo. Nakuba sokukhulelwa akukhuthazwa ukuba balwe nganoma iyiphi indlela.

ejenti Antiplatelet, uhlu izidakamizwa okubandakanya inqwaba amagama, asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izifo yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Nokho, ukuqaphela yezinkinga ezihlobene kunciphisa umfutho viscosity futhi okusithiyayo ekunqandeni. izidakamizwa Antiplatelet - izidakamizwa ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa udokotela ukuba khona, yena ziyoyizwa umthamo ezidingekayo futhi indlela yokwelashwa.