Entabeni Austria: igama, ukuphakama. Geography of Austria

Ngokumangalisayo enhle ingxenye sezintaba Austria. Zihlukaniswa yobuningi bayo kwamanzi ahlanzekile, fresh, bagxila hhayi kuphela e izinguzunga zeqhwa nemifula, kodwa futhi eziningi oluluhlaza alpine amachibi.

Mayelana kuleli zwe emangalisayo enhle, lokho ezintabeni zitholakala e-Austria kunabo emangalisayo, ungafunda ngokufunda kulesi sihloko.

E-Austria, eziningi zindawo ezimangalisayo, emangalisa ubuhle bayo ngendlela engakholeki. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezintaba eziningi. Ngezansi ethulwa esiphawulekayo iningi iziqongo, okuyinto zidonse ukunaka kwanoma lenqwaba izivakashi kanye nabahamba ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

A kancane mayelana Austria

Ngaphambi kokuba sithole ukuthi igama ezintabeni e-Austria, thola izici zawo, cabanga ulwazi jikelele sendawo of isimo.

Austria itholakala eYurophu Ephakathi. endaweni yaso 83.859 metres square. km, kuhlanganise amachibi zemvelo hlala square metres mayelana 1120. km, nezintaba -. cishe u-70% endaweni ngokuphelele.

Austria inomngcele by Switzerland kanye Liechtenstein engxenyeni esentshonalanga; enyakatho Germany kanye Czech Republic; kuya empumalanga ne Hungary neSlovakia; e eningizimu ye-Italy kanye Slovenia. Ubude ingqikithi imingcele 2563 amakhilomitha.

Ubuhle namathafa engokwemvelo Austria enchant izivakashi kanye nabahamba. Futhi indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ezintabeni, phakathi okuyinto intaba ephakeme e-Austria ngokuthi Grossglockner (ukuphakama kwamamitha yayo 3798 ngaphezu kolwandle. Sea).

imininingwane Okuningi ngeke ukuchaza ezinye iziqongo enhle kakhulu.

entabeni Austria: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngokusho ibalazwe, wenza ngesisekelo nezithombe zesiphuphutheki ebonisa ukuthi 1/4 insimu ka the ehlasela nesibaya-block amabanga of Eastern abasha Alps, ngokuhlanganisa e uchungechunge sublatitudinal. Hot indawo nge impumuzo Axial glacial entabeni-ukuma elele entshonalanga kuya ukuphakama 3500 amamitha (Großglockner - 3798 m) kanye empumalanga ngezansi - kuze kufinyelele 2400 amamitha. Umngcele isembozo iqhwa ngokwesilinganiso, etholakala endaweni engamamitha 2800 amamitha.

Ezinye iphakama kukhona izinguzunga zeqhwa Austria (isb pasterze yeqhwa kabani obuphelele isiyonke kuyinto 9 km). Southern nasenyakatho amaketanga Axial Eastern Alps sizungezwe amabanga aphansi, leyehlukile emithambekeni emaweni kakhulu, dissected nokuthuthukiswa okunamandla karsts. Enyakatho, kanye azungeze i-Alps ubuswa emathafeni flysch.

Ngaphakathi e-Austria i-Eastern Alps libhekene izigodi ikakhulu ezinkulu (Enns River Zaltsh, Inn et al.), Futhi yasehlanzeni asempumalanga inikeza imicengezi (Klagenfurt, Graz et al.).

Engxenyeni esempumalanga insimu ka hulumende akakhoni inamagquma Styrian-Burgenland plain (ingxenye Pannonian), kwehle kuze kufike e-Vienna Basin. Esikhathini enyakatho nasempumalanga ahlelwe nizkogorja inamagquma Waldviertel Myurfirtel, Veynfirtel et al. Phakathi kwabo futhi Eastern Alps kuyinto flat strip eziyizitezi iDanube emfuleni masimu.

Dlula neNtaba Gerlospass

Austria ezintabeni konke okukhulu, kodwa omunye main ezikhangayo Salzburg kubhekwa Gerlospass. Kusukela ukuphakama entabeni enkulu (1,500 amamitha) inikeza imibono olukhulu epaki edolobheni sika kazwelonke.

Lena yindawo enhle uphumule. Ungavakashela yokudlela encane ethokomele. Futhi kungenzeka ukuhlala ilungelo endaweni evulekile fresh, esihlanganisa ukuba uzodla ekuhlaziyeni nezindawo ezinhle Austria. Ungasebenzisa futhi imoto ikhebula, elakhiwa ngo-2010.

Phakathi abendawo kulezi zindawo ezidumile ikakhulukazi ohamba ezizungezile ku emabhayisikili. Ngemva ukuhamba ngomqanso - inzuzo enkulu kusukela emangalisayo umoya ohlanzekile futhi elinamanzi uhlobo ukuqeqeshwa (ukukhuthazela test).

Mount Kapuzinerberg

izintaba Austrian eziningi amaqiniso angokomlando ezithakazelisayo. Ukukhethwa akuyona, futhi lokhu phezulu. Liyophuma 640 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle futhi isendaweni ibhange empumalanga yomfula. Salzach. Abobulili egqumeni iyona Salzburg Museum.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esisogwini Isigodlo egqumeni Catholic Capuchin, elakhiwa ngo-namakhulu eminyaka XVI-XVII ngomyalo Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (Bishop). Aphila ngayo namuhla.

Vula ukuze izivakashi isonto Izigodlo kuphela lapho namasevisi esiqhutshwa njalo. Okuphawulekayo yiqiniso lokuthi izindela kwesokunxele Isigodlo kuphela ngo-1938 ku-oda kwe-Adolf Hitler, owayefuna kule ndawo ukwakha inkundla, kodwa izinhlelo zakhe ezingazange zifinyelelwe. Kusukela ngo-1945, ukuphila esigodlweni sezindela agelezé ngendlela evamile.

Kulona kanye igquma we Kapuzinerberg nezinye ezithakazelisayo izakhiwo zomlando: izinqaba agugile (manje yokudlela wakhe); indlu ayephila kuso Stefan Tsveyg ku 30s, kanjalonjalo.

entabeni Menhsberg

Menhsberg, njengabanye zase-Austria, has a ukuphakama amancane - 540 metres. Lona omunye-vertices 5 elise Salzburg. Hlukanisa ingxenye yesimanje lo muzi elidala (ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni Salzach).

Intaba ngakolunye uhlangothi embozwe ihlathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi ke kuthé uhlangothi lwalo amangelengele eqolo. Lena ngenye yezindawo ethandwa kakhulu sokuhamba phakathi izakhamuzi, kulapho kuba umqansa ngempela kufinyeleleke kunoma yimuphi umuntu (lift ezilungile). Kanti inikeza-panorama okumangalisayo edolobheni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mhubhe ngesibhakela edwaleni emuva ngo-1767 - omunye omdala e-Europe.

Futhi Menhsberge iyikhaya izakhiwo eziningana ezithakazelisayo: inqaba encane Yohanesshloss (ingxenye sezindela kwekhulu XIV); Marketendershloss castle ezincane (Ephakathi babe emabhalekisini, manje esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa); Schloss Menhshteyn (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo-University of Salzburg izindlu, ihhotela manje); Museum of Modern Art (ngo-2004). Hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuba ubuhle bemvelo, kodwa futhi like izindawo zomlando, amehlo Austria.

Mount Grossglockner

The esiphezulu e-Austria iyona Grossglockner - Intaba, ezinde kuze kube 3798 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Sea futhi uhlala phakathi Tyrol futhi eCarinthia. Ngezinye unyawo lwayo itholakala ngobukhulu yeqhwa pasterze yeqhwa, ogama ubude 9 km.

Ngu kule ndawo enhle ngokumangalisayo akukanciphi emangalisayo umgwaqo-panoramic Grossglockner Hochalpenstraße. Yavula ngo-1935. Njengoba kucaca ukuthi iningi intaba ephakeme e-Austria iyatholakala izivakashi eziningi abafuna usivakashele.

Wakhe nelukuluku futhi emlandweni wokwakhiwa.

Bomnotho ngemva kweMpi lokuqala Umhlaba nokukhula zamazwe sezishiye lapho kubhujiswa lesi Empire Austro-Hungarian. Austria ngesikhathi elahlekile Czech Republic, eHungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia nabanye. Umphumela waba kwamandla emali, ukulahlekelwa zezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, liwa ingxenye yesine ka ukukhiqizwa.

Khona-ke High Alpine Road, owawungumnyaka ukunikeza umsebenzi ukuze abaningi abangasebenzi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi imali isimo lwakhiwe kusukela yokugibela kuso.

Nasi izimila

Austria, izintaba, izintaba zase-Alps bangamathe nolimi. Alpes esifundeni ezibhekwa ihlathi.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi izimo zemvelo eyinqaba futhi ushintsho kunalokho ngokujulile mibandela imisebenzi womuntu okwamanje izimila Akumangalisi variegated zalezi zindawo. Ikakhulukazi zone aphansi (mayelana 1000 amamitha) uvelele impela ahlukahlukene kokubili emhlabeni isitshalo, futhi isimo sezulu sipholile. Imigomo le ngxenye ye-Alps, eduze emathafeni eseduze nale ndlela. Ingxenye eseningizimu kuthonywa Mediterranean, ngokuqondene nalokho okutholakala zinhlobo ezinesimo sezulu kwezimila.

ingxenye Western kuhlanganisa kwesihlahla se-okhi, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela futhi beech ihlathi (emithambekeni), enyakatho - okuxubile ihlathi nenhlabathi ku podsolic nasempumalanga limelela Lesostep. I enabantu abaningi izimila ngezansi kuzithinta, okuningi kuzoshintsha izimila zayo zemvelo, ngokuthi indawo yamasiko Alps.

isiphetho

Kuvele isisekelo zomlando ezithakazelisayo inegama yezintaba e-Austria. Ngamunye wabo ixhunyiwe nanoma iyiphi izenzakalo zomlando ezithile noma amagama abadumile.

Fantastically enhle Austrian Alps nge langa imbali nezimfunda, amahlathi oluhlaza kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa blue neqhwa. Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo iqala lapha ikakhulukazi ukuncibilika okusheshayo entabeni snows, okuyinto enomthelela ukuvela izikhukhula ezinkulu. Siyabonga kubo, iDanube izinga lamanzi linyuka kwamanzi ngezikhathi 8-9 amamitha.