Erythropoietin. erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela

Erythropoietin (EPO) - glycoprotein hormone elawula izinga erythropoiesis kubantu. Egcekeni samanje kwemiqondo ikakhulukazi izinso, inani elincane (amaphesenti angu-10) ikhiqizwa isibindi. I-erythropoietin i-hormone oyenza isebenze ukwahlukana kwamangqamuzana ka oyisemkhulu erythroid. Amazinga we-hormone endogenous e oketshezini olungenambala lwegazi labantu enempilo kuyahlukahluka ngaphakathi anhlobonhlobo futhi inhlukanozigaba emakamu elithwala umoya-mpilo kanye nezinga oxygenation kwezicubu. Umsebenzi nokuzihlukanisa ukukhiqizwa kwale hormone ukuze imithi iyasiza.

Sakhiwo Inani i-hormone

I-molecule siqukethe amino acid hormone. Ngezinye nokuntuleka erythropoietin endogenous bekulokhu ukwehla elibukhali ezingeni elithwala umoya-mpilo futhi abomvu egazi, it is ukuthuthukisa okuthiwa eritropoetindefitsitnaya igazi. wahlala engenakwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka ezithaka imithi ezifanele Kuze kube muva nje, ukulungiswa okunjalo izidakamizwa igazi. Namuhla, nge kusilela ngenhla hormone emzimbeni womuntu, odokotela linqume erythropoietin. Ukulungiswa eyatholakala kusukela amaseli isilwane lapho kwethulwa ikhodi isakhi sofuzo i-EPO womuntu. erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela e-amino acid kanye carbohydrate Ukwakheka nsé hormone zemvelo, kwandisa isibalo namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, reticulocytes, oyenza isebenze biosynthesis ka-hemoglobin kumaseli. Umsebenzi begazi okokusebenza okuholela akuhlukile hormone endogenous. erythropoietin akusho abonise imiphumela cytotoxic futhi akuphazamisi leucopoiesis. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi EPO baxhumana eritropoetinchuvstvitelnymi receptor othize, lapho zitholakala phezu kweseli.

Umgudu zokubahlanza erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela

Isakhi sokuzakhela womuntu EPO - ingenye amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu ezivezwa izinkampani eziningi eziphilayo kanye eyenza imithi emhlabeni jikelele i-ukwelashwa. Egcekeni samanje kwemiqondo amaseli esibelethweni hamster IsiShayina (cho) by amasu DNA isakhi sokuzakhela. Omunye polypeptide uchungechunge isakhi sokuzakhela EPO iqukethe 165 amino acid, ibalwa isisindo yamangqamuzana 24,000 Yebo, futhi waphawula isisindo yamangqamuzana amaprotheni glycosylated - 30 400 Da. Yegatsha erythropoietin kusuka ukungcola Kwenziwa ion-exchange futhi ziyezwana chromatography. Human EPO isakhi sokuzakhela has a ubumsulwa 98%.

erythropoietin futhi analogs yalo

Ukukhuthaza erythropoiesis inqubo odokotela zisebenzisa izidakamizwa ezahlukene:

• "Aranesp";
• "Aeprin";
• "Epobiokrin";
• "Bioein";
• "Vepoks";
• "Binokrit";
• "Epokrin";
• "Gemax";
• "Epogen";
• "Eprex";
• "Epovitan";
• "Epomaks";
• "Giperkrit";
• "Eralfon";
• "Eritrea";
• "Recormon";
• "Epostim";
• "Epozino";
• "Epoetin Beta".

Ngaphambi ukukhipha isakhi sokuzakhela erythropoietin analogue, kufanele babonane nodokotela.

izinkomba

odokotela bavame kufanele ubhekane eritropoetindefitsitnymi anemiya (EDA). Leli qembu lihlanganisa pathologies ezilandelayo:

• anaemia ka neoplasms abulalayo;
• anaemia ekuseni of prematurity izingane (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-34 esesibelethweni) nge isisindo emzimbeni 750 1500 g;
• anaemia nephrogenic;
• Isifo sokulahlekelwa yigazi e izifo (hepatitis C, i-rheumatoid arthritis, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, alimentary izifo canal).

Isici esiphawulekayo anaemia ngenhla ukuntula Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaphathwa amalungiselelo yensimbi. Kuze kube muva nje, therapy ngempumelelo kuphela iyona igazi. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo yokwelapha has lenqwaba side effects kanye basengozini enkulu yokudlulisela igciwane kwamagciwane igazi yizinambuzane izifo eziyingozi ezithathelwanayo (HIV, i-hepatitis amagciwane, njll), le ndlela kwezokwelapha zanamuhla cishe akazange asebenzise. erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela kusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo iziguli kwathiwa unesifo "eritropoetindefitsitnaya igazi." Biosynthesis kanye nokwethulwa isakhi sokuzakhela EPO womuntu kwavula inkathi entsha ekwelapheni isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi eritropoetinzavisimyh.

Izimo

Odokotela musa ukutusa ukusetshenziswa kwe-erythropoietin (manual esixwayisa ke) e ebukhoneni pathologies ezilandelayo:

• thromboembolism;
• hypersensitivity kuya izidakamizwa;
• nakwenzeka ngempumelelo yokwelapha anticoagulant;
• adluliselwe unhlangothi-cerebral noma isilethikusebenza;
• angina engazinzile;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu engalawuliwe;
• inkathi abantwana ibele;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu refractory.

Umthamo lwemithi

Umthamo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa isikimu nime niqinile nsuku ngokuqinile ngamunye, kuye ngobucayi kwegazi, isimo jikelele isiguli kanye ubunjalo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Umuthi senzelwe ukusetshenziswa parenteral. Ukweqiwa kokuqala ziyahlukahluka uhla kusuka 50 kuya 150 IU / kg. Umthamo kumele kushintshwe kuye ngokuthi yobudala lesiguli. erythropoietin ngokuvamile iqondiswa izikhathi 3 ngesonto. Uma ukweqisa izidakamizwa belilokhu ziyanda engemihle. Umphumela uba ucishe ebonakalayo ngemva kwamasonto 2-3 kwesicelo.

isicinganani

Wena esimisiwe erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela? Iziyalezo yokusetshenziswa akusho ukubeka eceleni ukuthuthukiswa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle. Ziyakwazi:

• myalgia;
• isiyezi;
• komzimba;
• ukozela;
• ukuhlanza;
• ikhanda;
• isifo sohudo,
• arthralgia;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• thrombocytosis;
• tachycardia;
• Inkinga abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• Ukudlikizela;
• steatosis;
• ukhulisa ezingeni AST, ALT egazini;
• erythrocyte lwegciwane iseli aplasia;
• eczema;
• angioedema;
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba futhi ukulunywa;
• asthenia;
• isifuba, ububomvu nokusha endaweni ekuphathweni;
• hyperkalemia;
• nokwehlisa amaprotheni lokuhlushwa plasma ferritin;
• hyperphosphatemia.

Erythropoiesis evuselela kwezemidlalo

Muva nje, evame ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa "Epovitan" (i-erythropoietin womuntu isakhi sokuzakhela). Ithuluzi samanje ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezemidlalo (athletics, sawo esiningi, ukubhukuda, Biathlon). Wathi ukulungiselela oyenza isebenze biosynthesis abomvu egazi, nakho kuholela ekwandeni okuqukethwe i-oksijini per unit umthamo wegazi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze ukwanda igazi elingenawo umoya umthamo kanye O ₂ kwezidingo kwezitho nezicubu. Lokhu mshini wezenzo kwandisa ngokukhuthazela aerobic umqondo womsubathi. A nomphumela ofanayo siyenzeka lapho beqeqesha nomsubathi endaweni Midlands, lapho ukungabi O ₂ emoyeni kubangela ukuthuthukiswa hypoxia, nakho oyenza isebenze biosynthesis ye-erythropoietin endogenous. EPO amalungiselelo sisetshenziswa ndawonye insulini, ozokusebenzisa (GH, somatotropin) kanye stanazolol.

Ngokweqile, ukusebenzisa engalawuliwe "erythropoietin" izidakamizwa kwezemidlalo kungabangela amahlule ukuthi ngokuvamile okuholela ekufeni. Thola i-EPO isakhi sokuzakhela kunzima ngempela, ngoba zokwenziwa compounds isakhiwo efanayo analog yayo bokuphila, ngakho-ke lokhu biosoedinenie isasetshenziswa ephezulu ukusebenza kwezemidlalo ngokungemthetho njengoba doping.