KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Ezinkangala zaseEthiopia futhi Somalia ithafa. Ethiopian ezinkangala lapho?

East Africa - kungcono endaweni elikhulu elise kuya empumalanga yaleli zwekazi. Kuhlanganisa ezinkangala Ethiopia, ukucindezeleka Afar, ithafa futhi esigodini Somalia. Futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa East African Plateau.

isikhundla ezindawo

Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga Afrika ezinkangala ngokufanele yaseTopiya (lapho iphuzu esiphezulu Ras Dashen izintaba-mlilo nezinye). Ngo engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye endaweni nabo esigodini White Nile. On ukusuka enyakatho uye eningizimu-mpumalanga phansi ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu, eGulf of Aden nase-Indian Ocean. Eningizimu, le ndawo izungezwe Lake Rudolph nase-Indian Ocean.

impumuzo Ethiopia

Ethiopia Mountains (ezinkangala zaseEthiopia) - kuyinto ngokucijile afanayo ngokusesilinganisweni nenqaba afanayo. Uyaphula kanzima ukuze afinyelele, emithambekeni emaweni. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi-zomhlaba, nezigodi ezijulile kakhulu besika ke ngezindlela eziningi. Bona secrete izintaba zokhahlamba nge-mlilo. Ezinye mlilo liye lazibonakalisa esikhathini zomlando. Ububanzi eliphakeme - Ras Dashen (4.6 km) - elisendaweni enyakatho ingxenye. Kwelinye ayimigodi kuyinto Lake Tana.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ezinkangala kukhawulwe iphutha umcengezi ukuzihlukanisa kuye Harar Plateau. Harar kwehle waya enhlonhlweni waseSomalia. Somalia Plateau ngobumnene asengcupheni -Indian Ocean. Le ndawo aphansi Kwezomnotho Afar, eduze baze bafika eLwandle Olubomvu.

sici geological

Kulesi ingxenye zwekazi likhulu East African Rift. Lokhu Meridian ngamakhasimende uhlelo amaphutha uqweqwe. Rift kwakheka ezimbili zokugcina nangenkathi - ku Cenozoic futhi Mesozoic. Ngalesi endaweni siphela umTopiya Rift legatsha. ezinkangala zaseEthiopia nezigodi Afar nje ephambana lokhu legatsha empumalanga. Khona-ke uya eningizimu futhi ligijima East African Plateau.

Isimo sezulu

Izimo zezulu yesifunda ahlukile futhi ephikisanayo. On ezinkangala Ethiopia neSomalia ithafa imvula futhi umswakama kuletha inkathi yezimvula Indian, kodwa iningi labo ingavimbelwa kwemithambeka ezinkangala. Lapho imvula yonyaka idlula 1,000 mm. Esikhathini ezigodini nasezintabeni enhlonhlweni waseSomalia imvula kane ongaphakeme ngaphezulu - 250 mm / ngonyaka.

Inani okungenani imvula kwenzeka ezindaweni besifunda, njengoba ukucindezeleka Afar, endaweni ephakathi ezinkangala bese Amathafa Harar, kanye emikhawulweni eGulf of Aden noLwandle Olubomvu. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ogwini ukuwa mayelana 125 mm imvula ngonyaka, okuyinto cishe kudala izimo ehlane yangempela.

Ngokuvamile, ezinkangala Ethiopia neSomalia ithafa libhekene okushisa aphakeme. Isilinganiso lokushisa esifundeni kuze kufinyelele okungenani 20 0 C, ehlobo esiphezulu ifinyelela 50 0 C.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ne engamamitha okwandisa izimo lokushisa ziyahlukahluka. Ngenhla amakhilomitha isigamu okushisa ngenyanga 15-20 0 C. nobusuku ebusika lokushisa ngezinye izikhathi sehliselwe -5 0 C. Ngenhla uphawu 2,5 km - Okuningi ezipholile. okushisa Isilinganiso kakade lapha singadluli 16 0 C, futhi ebusika zikhona isikhathi eside ngokwanele futhi yesithwathwa ezinzima.

emfuleni

ezinkangala zaseEthiopia kudala eziningi zeziyaluyalu emifuleni yamanzi emfuleni nezigodi ezijulile. Ngokwesibonelo, e-enyakatho Ingxenye zomfula iBlue Nile, eningizimu - Omo.

Blue Nile, okuyinto yaziwa nangokuthi Abha, kuyinto owumthelela kwesokudla iNayile. Ubude bayo 1.6 ayizinkulungwane. Km. Umthombo emfuleni uqala at Lake Tana ezingeni ukuphakama 1.83 km. Budebuduze umlomo emifula. Ngo-Ethiopia, kunenkolelo ukuthi zomfula iBlue Nile - emfuleni engcwele, sivela ensimini, ngakho bendawo kuletha izipho zakhe.

Omo River ogeleza usuka enkabeni ezinkangala zaseEthiopia, ugeleza ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Ezintabeni, isiteshi emincane sifinyelela engezansi ububanzi iyakhula. Umbhede emfuleni itholakala ku-umqansa, ohamba uba nezimpophoma ezincane eziningi. Izinga esiphezulu emfuleni - ehlobo, ngesikhathi izimvula. Uhulumeni Ethiopia uhlela ukwakha amandla kagesi ku kwesigubhu, ezizohlinzeka ugesi e-Addis Ababa.

Futhi ezithakazelisayo Juba emfuleni, uvela Harar Plateau. Ngulona logeleta ayekuyo yonke le nhlonhlo waseSomalia, ogeleza e-Indian Ocean. Ubude ayizinkulungwane 1.6. Km. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umfula ugeleza ngokusebenzisa ezindaweni ezinesomiso, amandla akhe umsuka sasiyoba sikhulu kangangokuthi ke unawo deepness sonke lesikhathi.

izimila

ezinkangala zaseEthiopia has a evelele eziphakeme zone. I ephansi okuyingxenye emithambekeni benza nge-amahlathi emvula abameleli ejwayelekile ezifana ubhanana zasendle, izintende, iraba-imivini, nabanye. Ezindaweni ezomile - igalari amahlathi, futhi phezu watersheds - shayela (nezihlahla, amahlathi xerophytic).

Ephakeme kunaleyo 1.7 km imbozwe ihlathi ezinkangala Ethiopia. Likuphi ndawo, thina usuyitholile kakade. abantu bendawo basibiza ngokuthi "impi-Degas". Ngasekuqaleni sikhule lapha boled imisedari ngokuyisisekelo bagawula. The best walondoloza treelike euphorbia, umjunipha, umtholo isambulela. Kwezinye izindawo amahlathi esikhundleni amathafa. Lokhu ibhande iyikhaya Highlands ikhofi kwesihlahla. Lihlala ingxenye enkulu yabantu.

Ngenhla izimila 2.4 km upland bahlanganisa ikakhulu utshani, nedlelo lapha ahlelwe nebhali izitshalo.

Engxenyeni engaphakathi enhlonhlweni imbozwe savannah futhi ozwakala Afar futhi ugu emelelwa ezomile futhi esalugwadule.

emhlabeni isilwane

ezinkangala zaseEthiopia has a nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Esikhathini indawo engezansi Plateau izindlovu bukhoma (omunye ambalwa Afrika olwenzeka endaweni ngaphandle nemvelo reserves namapaki kazwelonke), obhejane izimvubu, warthogs. obhejane Afrika esinezimpondo ezimbili amelwa izinhlobo ezimbili - abamhlophe nabansundu. obhejane Afrika ezimhlophe ifinyelela obuphelele imitha ezine-, kuyinto Uhlobo olukhulu obhejane, ikhona kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelekile.

Izimvubu nezingulube zasendle ngenkuthalo ukubhubhisa ngenxa inyama nesikhumba. Labhujiswa ngenxa lendlovu kwezindlovu zase-Afrika. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazingela kubo kungavunyelwe, akagcini abazingela ngokungemthetho eziningi.

ezinkangala zaseEthiopia ugcwale kuhlanganise namakati amakhulu, amabhubesi uhlala lapha, futhi (okuningi) zezingwe. Isifunda has a lot of ungulates: izinyamazane, izinyathi, nensephe, Oryx. Phakathi antelopes, okuyizinto ezingaphezu kwamashumi amane kungaba benkonkoni letihloniphekile, Kudu, antelopes yemifino.

Emahlathini esipholile uhlala eziningi lezimfene - gelada, gverets, hamadryad, njll ezinkangala zaseEthiopia has ahlukahlukene zinhlobo yokwakheka izinyoni ... Ziningi zopholi Turaco, storks, Cranes, oklebe, izinkozi. Ngo amathafa, semi ezingwadule futhi ezingwadule kuhlale izintshe, amadube, izindlulamithi.

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