Ezolimo China

Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, China ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 lalingazi abangaba yizigidi ezingu-95-hectare umhlabathi olimekayo. Ngokuvamile kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya aphathwe iminyaka emibili isuswe izitshalo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu, noMfula umfula iYangtze unyaka ngamunye has kwesivuno ezimbili. Ezindaweni eningizimu yeChina emikhakheni eminingi kuvuna izitshalo ezintathu ngonyaka izitshalo ezinkulu kuze kufinyelele kwesivuno ezinhlanu imifino. ezolimo China kwamiswa ngenxa insimu yalo enkulu isimo sezulu ezihlukahlukene. Ezweni sikhule ngaphezu kuka-50 ehlukene emkhakheni izitshalo, ezingaphezu kuka-80 izinhlobo zemifino kanye cishe 60 zezintaka engadini.

Ngokuzalanisa izinkomo, nezimvu, namahhashi, izimbuzi ekhiqizwa ezintabeni ezifundeni entshonalanga ye-China, kanye emaqeleni enkulukazi Tibet futhi Xinjiang. Esikhathini ezivundile izifunda awugwadule amakhabe Xinjiang esekhulile futhi amagilebhisi. Esikhathini izifundazwe abandayo esenyakatho Heilongjiang futhi Jilin kukhicite ngomshini kakhulu ukutshala ummbila, ukolweni kabhontshisi. Ngo enyakatho yeChina, lapho isipiliyoni ukuntuleka kwamanzi okungamahlalakhona, izitshalo nesomiso ukumelana etshalwa, ezifana, ukolweni namabele. On amapulazi North China Plain ukuletha unyaka kutshalwe izilimo ezimbili, uwoyela izitshalo kanye nogwayi.

ezolimo China has ukubunjwa yayo ukuyedlula ngokuya ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu kwezolimo: eSifundazweni Sichuan, esigodini sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni umfula iYangtze futhi Guangdong esihle. Lapha kuyinsakavukela ukuthola isivuno eziningana ngonyaka, kuba esetshenziswa kabanzi ngenkasa kanye asetshenziswa fertilizer. Sichuan, Hunan kanye Jiangsu kukhona kunazo zonke ezweni, abakhiqizi elayisi. Ezindaweni ezifundazweni Guangxi futhi Guangdong sihlakulele iningi umoba noshukela. Futhi izindawo ezinesimo sezulu ezolimo China uveza ikakhulukazi emazweni angaphandle, amawolintshi, tangerines, uphayinaphu kanye Lychee.

Labor izinsiza kwezolimo eChina ukudlala cishe indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke. Umhlaba ngenxa uhlelo azimele lahlukaniswa laba communes kusekelwe inkontileka umndeni phakathi imindeni kanye nokwelashwa kwayo. Okokuqala, izwe lase yaqashiswa iminyaka 1-3, kodwa ke wasungula ubunikazi eside kohlelo (iminyaka engu-50 nangaphezulu). UHulumeni Chinese osingathe uchungechunge izinguquko ukuze amanani okuthenga wokusanhlamvu inyama, kwaba isici inkanuko, okuyinto kwasiza kakhulu ngcono ukukhiqiza. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ezolimo China ukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-500 okusanhlamvu, kuhlanganise engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-185 ezihlanganisa irayisi. Phakathi izitshalo zokudla ukubaluleka yesibili eliphakeme kakolweni. Futhi corn iqoqo (amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 ngonyaka), izwe lifaka emva United States yesibili emhlabeni.

Echaza izinhlobo ezahlukene ezolimo eChina, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izwe ingenye abanikezeli izinhlobo eziningi itiye esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutshalwa unyaluthi, i-oats, amabele, i-rye, nokunye okufana nokolweni, kusukela impande izitshalo - ubhatata futhi amazambane, imidumba - kabhontshisi. Abavelele phakathi izitshalo zezimboni, ukotini fanele. Ngaphansi zikhula yakhe eyabelwe 40% endaweni elalihlala izitshalo ezimbonini. Ayetshala yefilakisi, Hemp futhi Jute. Ugwayi eqoqwe eziningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Phakathi ehola uwoyela Sesame, lamantongomane kanye sunflower. Khula ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi kanye umoba. Kusukela izithelo uphayinaphu ukhulile, izithelo ezisawolintshi, ubhanana, ama-apula, umango, amagonandoda nabanye. Imfuyo e China wasebenzisa ukuthatha indawo yesibili, kodwa manje uye lakhula ngokushesha. Futhi, kule minyaka engu-4000 iminyaka e China wayekwenza sericulture.

Naphezu ekuphumeleleni komkhakha wezolimo China sika, ngeke babhekane ukwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ekhulwini lama-21, isidingo okusanhlamvu amazwe kuyoba ngonyaka isuka kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-55 175.