Formula amabutho. Amandla - ifomula (Physics)

Igama elithi "amandla" kuyinto usabalale kangaka ukuthi amnike umqondo ocacile - umsebenzi cishe kungenakwenzeka. Okunhlobonhlobo amandla kwemisipha ukuze amandla kwengqondo awubhekene lonke nomkhakha we linamathele imibono yakhe. Amandla, kubhekwe njengendlela ubuningi ngokomzimba ukuthi linencazelo icaciswe futhi definition. Ifomula uchaza imodeli zezibalo kwamandla: amandla kuqhathaniswa nemingcele ezinkulu.

Umlando wamandla ucwaningo zihlanganisa yencazelo kuncike nemingcele kanye nobufakazi yokulinga ukuncika.

Amandla Physics

Amandla - ngezinga elithile nokuxhumana emizimbeni. Okuhambisanayo isinyathelo emizimbeni ku nomunye uchaza ngokuphelele izinqubo ahlobene nezinguquko e ijubane noma ukusonteka yemizimba.

Njengoba ubukhulu lendawo ohlala kuyo iyunithi amandla (e SI uhlelo - Newton) futhi idivayisi wokulinganisa yayo - dynamometer. Dynamometer Umgomo we operation isekelwe Ukuqhathaniswa amandla ayisukumele umzimba amandla nokunwebeka we dynamometer entwasahlobo.

Ukuze amandla 1 Newton amandla esenziwayo, ngaphansi kwethonya isisindo emzimbeni 1 kg eshintsha ijubane layo uma igijima 1 m 1 yesibili.

Amandla njengoba ubuningi Vector kuchazwe:

• isiqondiso isinyathelo;
• iphuzu isicelo;
• module, i inani eliphelele.

Echaza ukuxhumana ngempela zibonisa lezi nemingcele.

Izinhlobo ekusebenzisaneni yemvelo: okudonsa, kagesi, eqinile, ababuthakathaka. Adonsela phansi amandla (amandla adonsela phansi nge ezihlukahlukene zalo - amandla adonsela phansi) zikhona ngenxa ithonya Amasimu okudonsa ezungeze noma iyiphi mass umzimba kokuba. Inkambu cwaningo kwamandla adonsela phansi is hhayi kuqeda okwamanje. Thola umthombo endle akunakwenzeka okwamanje.

Inani enkulu amabutho kuphakama kusukela ukuxhumana kagesi we athomu akha ketshezi.

ingcindezi amandla

Lapho zisabela nendikimba Umhlaba ke ucindezela ebusweni. Amandla ingcindezi, ifomula kuba yefomu: P = mg, kuchazwe umzimba mass (m). Ukusheshisa gravity (g) has amagugu oluhlukile Ezindaweni ezahlukene Zomhlaba.

Amandla ingcindezi mpo ilingana e nokubaluleka obuhlukile isiqondiso amandla nokunwebeka zingaveli ukusekelwa. ngaleyo ndlela Formula amabutho kuyahlukahluka ne ukunyakaza komzimba.

Izinguquko Ezenzeka esisindo

isinyathelo yomzimba ekusekelweni ngenxa ukusebenzisana Umhlaba ngaphezulu kaningi okubizwa ngokuthi isisindo emzimbeni. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukubaluleka esisindo incike ukusheshisa we ezinyakazayo ohlangothini mpo. Esimweni lapho kolunye uhlangothi kuya ukusheshisa khulula ukuwa ukushesha, isisindo somzimba kwenzeka. Uma ukusheshisa umzimba kuvumelana esiqondisweni gravity, esisindo encishisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi lift, ekuqaleni yokutakula umuntu enomuzwa inzuzo isisindo isikhathi esithile. Wagomela ukuthi isisindo salo siyashintsha, akudingekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo esabelana welithi "esisindo" futhi "mass".

amandla nokunwebeka

Lapho ushintsho komzimba (ukusonteka) kukhona amandla ukuthi ivame ukuba ubuyele umzimba ezakheke yasekuqaleni. La mandla enza umzimba waqanjwa "amandla nokunwebeka". It kuvela ngenxa ukuxhumana kagesi izinhlayiya ezakha umzimba.

Cabanga uhlobo elula: ukungezwani futhi kokucindezelwa. Welulekela kuhambisana nokwanda Ubukhulu komugqa emizimbeni, kokucindezelwa - ekunciphiseni kwabo. Ubuningi esibonisa izinqubo ngokuthi umzimba ukunwebeka. Lumelela "x" zalo. Formula amandla nokunwebeka ngokuqondile okuhlobene ukunwebeka. Ngamunye mzimba othola ukusonteka unamapharamitha ayo Jomethri nalabo ngokomzimba. Ukwencika nokunwebeka ukusonteka ukumelana lomzimba izakhiwo impahla okuyindawo senziwa kunqunywa Coefficient nokunwebeka libizwa ukuqina yayo (k).

imodeli Mathematical nokuxhumana nokunwebeka kuchazwa ngumthetho kaHooke.

Force eyenziwe ukusonteka yomzimba, sibhekiswe isiqondiso displacement we izingxenye ngabanye somzimba ngqo wakhona ukunwebeka yayo:

• F _y = -kx (e Vector notation).

Isibonakaliso "-" ibonisa isiqondiso okuphambene ukusonteka namandla.

Ngesimo scalar, uphawu negative engekho. Amandla ukuzivuselela, ifomula esesikhundleni okulandelayo ifomu F _y = Kx, isetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukusonteka nokunwebeka kuphela.

Ukuxhumana kwe-amandla kazibuthe kanye zamanje

Umthelela kazibuthe kwi zamanje ngqo ochazwa umthetho Ampere. Amandla ngawo magnetic field izenzo ku umqhubi zamanje esithwele kulo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Ampere amandla.

Ukuxhumana ka kazibuthe nge ezihambayo kagesi ebangela wawubonakalisa amandla. ifomula Ampere sika esesikhundleni F ifomu = IBlsinα, kuncike kazibuthe lokungeniswa ensimini (B), esebenzayo ingxenye ubude umqhubi (l), wamanje (I) umqhubi kanye igebe eliphakathi isiqondiso zamanje nezesikhathi lokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Ngenxa ukwencika zakamuva kungenziwa wagomela ukuthi amandla kazibuthe Vector izenzo zingashintsha lapho ujikelezisa umqhubi noma izinguquko zamanje isiqondiso. Kwesokunxele isandla umthetho ikuvumela ukusetha isiqondiso senzo. Uma ingalo kwesokunxele kahle ukuze kazibuthe lokungeniswa Vector kufakwe entendeni, iminwe ezine ayeqondiswe samanje umqhubi ke ibheke ngu-90 ^° isithupha ngeke ibonisa inkomba kazibuthe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi isintu ethonyeni atholakala, isibonelo, motors kagesi. Ukuzungelezisa Rotor kubangelwa amandla kazibuthe adalwe a electromagnet enamandla. amandla ifomula likhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ushintsho kwamandla injini. Nge ukwanda amperage noma ubukhulu bale nsimu torque engu inyuka, okuholela ekwandeni amandla injini.

I trajectories kuyizinhlayiyana

Ukuxhumana ka kazibuthe nenkokhiso elisetshenziswa mass-spectrographs kabanzi ngaso encwadini eyinsiza-izinhlayiya aphansi.

Isenzo kulo mkhakha kubangela ukuthi ungamandla, ebizwa ngokuthi Lorentz amandla. Lapho injected kazibuthe ezihambayo nge velocity athile icala kuyizinhlayiyana Lorentz amandla, ifomula esesikhundleni F ifomu = vBqsinα, kubangela ukunyakaza izinhlayiya kanye selilonke.

Kulesi zezibalo imodeli v - module kuyizinhlayiyana velocity, icala kagesi okuyinto - q, - kazibuthe lokungeniswa ensimini, α - engela phakathi Isivinini kanye lokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Into ye ezihambayo kumbuthano (noma i arc wombuthano), kusukela amandla nesivinini baqondiswa i-engela 90 ^° komunye nomunye. Ukushintsha isiqondiso Isivinini komugqa kubangela ukushesha.

Kwesokunxele isandla umthetho, ezichazwe ngenhla, kwenzeka ekutadisheni Lorentz amandla, uma ingalo kwesokunxele kahle ukuze kazibuthe lokungeniswa Vector kufakwe entendeni, iminwe ezine kuyoshaya e umugqa ithunyelwe ijubane kuyizinhlayiyana kahle icala ke ibheke ngu-90 ^° thumb ikhombisa isiqondiso amandla.

izinkinga plasma

Ukuxhumana kwe-amandla kazibuthe kanye izinto esetshenziswa cyclotrons. Izinkinga ezihambisana ne cwaningo laboratory plasma ungavumeli kumenze ezitsheni avaliwe. Kakhulu igesi ionized angaba khona kuphela ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu. Gcina plasma endaweni eyodwa indawo kungenzeka esebenzisa kazibuthe, igesi ukuphotha ukwakha indandatho. Elawulwa Ukusabela iArmagedoni kungenziwa ukufunda njengeqembu ebusuku ephezulu lokushisa plasma ukuphotha intambo esebenzisa kazibuthe.

Isibonelo kazibuthe vivo igesi ionized - Aurora. Lokhu emehlweni ngokubabazekayo is ebonwe kwe-Arctic Circle endaweni engamamitha angu-100 ngaphezu komhlaba. Okumangazayo ezimibalabala igesi elikhazimulayo ungachazwa kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba eduze izingongolo akanakukuvimbela Ukungena solar wind emkhathini. Emisebeni ezimatasa iqondiswa kanye imizila lokungeniswa kazibuthe, okubangela ionization umkhathi.

Phenomena ezihlobene ukushaja ezinyakazayo

Ngokomlando, ubuningi main esibonisa ukugeleza samanje umqhubi, ngokuthi zamanje. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu mqondo akuhlangene ne amandla is hhayi physics. Amperage, formula elibandakanya icala egeleza per unit isikhathi ngokusebenzisa Ingxenye evundlile umqhubi, ine uhlobo:

• I = q / t, lapho t - isikhathi ukugeleza kwenkokhiso q.

Empeleni, amandla lamanje - inani ophethe. Iyunithi yokukala kuba Ampere (A), ngokungafani N.

Ukunqunywa ukusebenza

A amandla phezu impahla kuhambisana ukusebenza umsebenzi. Umsebenzi amandla - ubuningi ngokomzimba okungukuthi ngamanani alinganayo umkhiqizo izikhathi amandla ibanga ushukunyiswa yiwo, futhi cosine ye-engeli phakathi izinkomba force kanye ukufuduka.

Somusa amandla ukusebenza, ifomula kuyinto ifomu A = FScosα, kuhlanganisa nenani amandla.

Isenzo komzimba kuhambisana ushintsho Isivinini sehlangano noma ukusonteka, okubonisa ushintsho kanyekanye e amandla. Izisebenzi kuyinto encike ngqo kwi usayizi.