Quasar - lena ... Siyini Quasar?

At ibanga 2 billion light-years kude nasekhaya yethu iyona into enamandla kakhulu futhi ebulalayo endaweni yonke. Quasar - ugodo yoMninimandla amandla, ubude okulingana amakhilomitha kunezigidigidi ezimbalwa zezingosi. Ososayensi akudingeki kuze kube sekupheleni isifundo kule ndaba.

Uyini Quasar

Namuhla, izazi zezinkanyezi emhlabeni wonke uzama ukutadisha quasars, imvelaphi kanye umsebenzi wabo. Ukucwaninga okuningi kubonisa ukuthi Quasar - elikhulu, ngokungenamkhawulo ezihambayo ebulalayo gas okokubilisa. Enamandla mthombo wamandla into ngaphakathi, enhliziyweni Quasar. Lena omkhulu ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Quasar lulingana nesisindo izigidigidi amalanga.

Quasar ubamba konke iza ngendlela yakhe. I black hole uphahlaze izinkanyezi lonke ezingabaleki, abancela kubo owangaphakathi nje kungukuthi kusulwe ngokuphelele, hhayi chaza kuwo. Kuze kube manje, i-Quasar - ke into embi kakhulu ukuthi kungaba kwi-universe.

Deep esibhakabhakeni izinto

Quasars - izinto ezikude kakhulu futhi bhá endaweni yonke isintu. Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu elidlule, ososayensi babekholelwa umsakazo izinkanyezi abo, njengoba babeyibiza atholakele ngosizo amaza omsakazo eqinile. Igama elithi "Quasar" lisuselwe kwelesiLatini elithi ibinzana "umthombo umsakazo athi lezinkanyezi". Ungase futhi uthole igama QSOs emisebenzini eminingi lososayensi ngomkhathi. Field njengoba amandla izibonakude optical kungaphezu, izazi zezinkanyezi zithola ukuthi Quasar - akusiyo inkanyezi, kanye star emise into engaziwa ukuba isayensi.

Kusolwa ukuthi ekushayweni umsakazo asiveli Quasar, futhi kusukela imisebe kwalokho uzungezwe. Quasars zisekhona omunye izinto oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke, okuyinto zitholakala ngalé galaxy. Kuze kube manje, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi usitshele quasars. Kuyini futhi kanjani ukwakha lezi zasemkhathini uzokwazi ukuphendula kuphela izazi zezinkanyezi elitheni nososayensi. Into kuphela ukufakazela ukuthi quasars ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izindodla amandla. Yena nguye ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amalanga 3 million! Ezinye quasars ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amandla izikhathi 100 kunabo bonke izinkanyezi emthaleni wethu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yonke Quasar phezulu iphuzu cishe elilingana zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Futhi inani emisebeni ye quasars

Izitekhi esandulele imithala atholakele emhlabeni Quasar. Ukuze ukuzibona njengoba izinto redshift, okuyizinto emisebeni kagesi namaza omsakazo nokukhanya engabonakali, futhi ube Ubukhulu encane kakhulu emincane. Lezi zici ekutholakaleni quasars awuzange ungivumele ukuba ubatshele izinkanyezi - iphuzu imithombo. Kunalokho, imithombo enwetshiwe kunalokho zivumelana ukuma imithala. Ukuze uqhathanise, Coefficient yenani isilinganiso Quasar bhá kuyinto 12.6, inkanyezi yokusa bhá - 1.45.

Baphi izinto ongaqondakali yasezulwini

Black izimbobo, pulsars futhi quasars banamathuba ngempela kude nathi. Bangabaholi ezikude kakhulu izindikimba zasezulwini yonke. Quasars kukhona emisebeni ngobukhulu infrared. Ngu ukuhlaziywa Spectral izazi zezinkanyezi bayakwazi ukunquma ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya lezinto ezihlukahlukene, ibanga phakathi kwawo phakathi kwawo umhlaba.

Uma emisebeni ye Quasar zibomvu, kusho ukuthi-ke ihamba bebheke Earth. I ububomvu ngaphezulu - the kude le Quasar nesivinini yayo iyakhula. Zonke izinhlobo quasars lihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, nakho kwashintsha unomphela. It is wafakazela ukuthi velocity of quasars kufika ezingeni 240 ayizinkulungwane. Km / umzuzwana., Yikuphi cishe 80% ijubane lokukhanya!

Ukuphela ngeke sikubone quasars yesimanje

Njengoba ezikude kakhulu kithi yini engathathwa ngokuthi, kodwa namuhla sibona nokuhamba kwazo elafika izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule. Njengoba ukukhanya kuphela wakwazi ukuya Earth wethu. Cishe, ezingxenyeni ezikude kakhulu, ngakhoke quasars eminingi yasendulo zinjalo nje. Isikhala zisenza sikwazi ukubona kubo njengoba babenjalo nje eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 10 edlule. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ezinye zazo kakade abasekho.

Yiziphi Quasar

Nakuba lesi simo sifundwa kanye akwanele, kodwa, ngokuvumelana idatha lokuqala, Quasar - elikhulu ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Unina ngesivinini ukuhamba kwayo lapho imbobo uphondo ukubambezeleka ndaba, okuholela Ukushisa we izinhlayiya, ukuzihlikihla yabo ngokumelene nomunye futhi ukunyakaza engapheli uyaca jikelele ndaba. Speed molecule nge Quasar ngamunye kuba wesibili kanye lokushisa eliphakeme. ukuhilizisana Namandla izinhlayiya inquma ukwabiwa kwenani elikhulu yokukhanya nangezinye izinhlobo lemisebe ezifana isibonelo X-ray. Minyaka yonke izimbobo black ungamunca mass elilodwa ilanga lethu. Uma some ku esibulalayo vortex mass amuncwa umzimba, amandla ezikhishwe uyokwendlala emisebeni ngezindlela ezimbili: eduze eningizimu nasenyakatho izingongolo Quasar. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi lo "indiza emkhathini" engavamile.

kokuma kwakamuva zezinkanyezi ukubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi iningi lalezi izinto esibhakabhakeni esikhungweni zemithala okweqanda. Ngokusho kwenye imfundiso yokuziphendukela imvelaphi Quasar, zingabantu Umthala abasha lapho omkhulu ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu ubamba izidakamizwa kwalo. Abasunguli kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela bathi umthombo emisebeni izenzo accretion disk ukuthi imbobo. Itholakala enkabeni yalo mthala futhi kusho ukuthi shift Spectral ebomvu quasars phezu Cosmological ncamashi ukubaluleka shift okudonsa izinto. Ngaphambili wabikezela Einstein ngemcondvo wakhe jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto.

Quasars zivame eqhathaniswa amabhikhoni of the Universe. Bona kungabonakala ibanga kude, sibonga kubo ukufunda kwemvelo yayo kanye nesakhiwo. Ukusebenzisa "beacon zasezulwini" ukutadisha ukusatshalaliswa noma iyiphi into ulayini emehlweni. Okungukuthi, elalinamandla ukuwedlula hydrogen Spectral ukumuncwa imigqa siguqulelwa imigqa shift ebomvu ukumuncwa.

Ososayensi nguqulo ye quasars

Kukhona elinye icebo. Quasar ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, izazi - is abasafufusa Umthala abasha. Evolution zemithala ayiqondakali wafunda, ngoba isintu lungaphezu ezingaphansi kuka bakuphi. Mhlawumbe quasars - lokhu isimo ekuseni kwetinhlavu imithala. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ukukhululwa kwe amandla abo livela nuclei omncane engenathi asebenzayo zemithala entsha.

Okunye ama-astronomer kanye ababekholelwa quasars kukhona amaphuzu emkhathini lapho ndaba entsha in the Universe kuvela. hypothesis kwabo kubonakala uhluke ngokuphelele umgodi omnyama. Isintu kuyodingeka isikhathi esiningi ukuhlola Stigmata ka quasars.

quasars eyaziwa

Esokuqala Quasar wathola kwatholakala Matthews Sandage ngo-1960. Laliqhele e umlaza Virgo. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuhlobene inkanyezi 16 sale umlaza. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, Mathews wathi lokhu into ine Spectral omkhulu obomvu offset. Isici kuphela efakazela ukuthi kwakungeyona inkanyezi, kwaba ukukhululwa esiningi namandla endaweni elincani isikhala.

kokuma lesintu

Umlando owaqala ngokuvukela ukutadisha quasars futhi ngesilinganiso nge isimiso esikhethekile sobala usayizi emincane ye Radioactive Imithombo.

Ngo-1963 quasars babebalelwa mayelana 5. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-izazi zezinkanyezi Dutch baye babonisa emigqeni Spectral kuya shift obomvu bohlu. Baba ukuthi kungenxa ukufuduka Cosmological ngenxa ukususwa kwabo, ngakho ibanga ingabalwa ngumthetho Hubble. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso, ngaphezulu ososayensi ababili Yuri Efremov futhi A. Sharov wathola kokuhlukana ukugqama Kutholwe quasars. Ngenxa izithombe photometric, zathola ukuthi kokuhlukana ka uningi has izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela.

Omunye Quasar abaseduze (3C, 273) has a isicwebezelisi obomvu kanye offset elihambisana ibanga elingaba ngu-3 mldr. iminyaka ukukhanya. Izinhloso ezikude kakhulu emakhulwini esibhakabhakeni izikhathi ngokushesha kunokuba imithala abavamile siyakhazimula. Ziyakwazi kulula ubhalise ngezibonakude zanamuhla at ibanga ukukhanya-sekuyiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 noma ngaphezulu. It isanda waloba Quasar entsha at ibanga iminyaka 13.5 bhiliyoni ukukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.

Kunzima ukubala kahle indlela Quasar okuningi okutholakala kuze kube manje. Lokhu kwenzeka kokubili ngenxa ukutholakala njalo lezinto ezintsha, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka umngcele okucacile phakathi imithala asebenzayo futhi quasars. Ngo-1987 wakhipha umqulu uhlu quasars bhalisiwe e nenani 3594, ngo-2005 kwakunabamemezeli abangaphezu kuka-195 eziyinkulungwane., Kodwa inani labo namuhla kudlulwe ayizinkulungwane 200.

Ekuqaleni, igama elithi "Quasar 'kubhekisela esenzakalweni esiyisimangaliso ekilasini lezinto ebonakalayo (optical) ububanzi zifana kakhulu inkanyezi. Kodwa babe umehluko: ekushayweni umsakazo eqinile futhi Ubukhulu ezincane emincane (<10 ^0).

Lo mbono yokuqala lezi zindikimba isungule esikhathini ukutholakala kwawo. Futhi kuyiqiniso namuhla, kodwa ososayensi baye baqaphela kanye radiospokoynye quasars. Abanaso ukudala emisebeni enamandla enjalo. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2015, izindawo ezifana kubika mayelana 90% azo zonke ezaziwayo.

Namuhla, i-Stigmata ka quasars kunqunywa ukunyakaza bohlu abomvu. Uma indawo yonke bethole isidumbu kokuba ukuhamba efanayo nokukhulula ukugeleza ezinamandla zamandla, khona-ke has zonke ithuba ngokuthi "Quasar".

isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, izazi zezinkanyezi babe yizinkulungwane ezimbili zalezi izindikimba zasezulwini. Ithuluzi esiyinhloko ekutadisheni quasars okuthiwa i-Hubble Space Telescope. Kusukela lobuchwepheshe intuthuko isintu ngeke behluleka ukujabulisa nge impumelelo yabo, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo sizobe ukuxazulula imfumbe ukuthi kuyinto Quasar kanye ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu. Mhlawumbe uhlobo "okungenamsoco lokuzula" ukuthi ubamba zonke izinto ezingadingekile, futhi mhlawumbe zinjalo izikhungo kanye namandla universe.