Izitho Excretory e mollusk. Isakhiwo shellfish

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Lokhu futhi flatworms, futhi coelenterates, futhi annelids, futhi eyisinambuzane futhi echinoderms futhi chordates. Isayensi okhuluma ekutadisheni kwabo ibizwa ngokuthi i-biology. Shellfish - kubuye omunye zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Bayobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko. Kukhona legatsha ekhethekile yezinto eziphilayo esicwaninga iqembu isilwane. malacology waqamba. Isayensi okhuluma ekutadisheni mollusc amagobolondo, - conchology.

Sici jikelele shellfish

Abamele lolu hlobo ubizwa nangokuthi spineless. Ziyakwazi ahlukahlukene ngempela. Isibalo zinhlobo - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200.

Leli qembu kwezilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi aba yizigaba eziyisishiyagalombili:

• Bivalve.
• Armored.
• Solenogastres.
• Caudofoveata.
• Monoplacophora.
• Gastropods.
• Tusk igobolondo.
• Cephalopods.

NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda lezi zilwane kuhlelwe kwenye isimiso esifanayo. Okulandelayo kuzoxoxwa kabanzi isici shellfish.

kwezitho isitho izinhlelo

Shellfish, kanye nezilwane eziningi ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, zakhelwe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izindwangu, okuyiwona ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu iziphathimandla. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, yakha isitho izinhlelo.

Isakhiwo shellfish lihlanganisa izinhlelo ezilandelayo:

• kwegazi;
• kwemizwa uhlelo futhi izinzwa;
• wokugaya ukudla;
• excretory;
• ukuphefumula;
• ubulili;
• umzimba nemigubuzelo.

Asithathe kubo ukuze.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Ngo mollusk yena Vula hlobo. Kuhlanganisa anjenge:

• inhliziyo;
• izitsha.

Inhliziyo molluscs yakhiwa emakamelweni amabili noma amathathu. Lena ngenye ventricle kwathi elilodwa noma amabili Atria.

Abaningi igazi spineless ine umbala engavamile bluish. Lokhu Umbala unika zokuphefumula sombala hemocyanin wakhe, lichaza ekwakheni amakhemikhali okubandakanya kuzo ithusi. Le into inomsebenzi esifana elithwala umoya-mpilo.

Igazi ukhiphela molluscs kanje: kusuka imithambo yegazi it is batheleka izikhala phakathi emizimbeni - lacunae futhi sinuses. Khona-ke aphinde it is eqoqwe ezitsheni kanye yanikezwa gills noma wamaphaphu.

isimiso sezinzwa

Ngo mollusk engena izinhlobo ezimbili: iladi uhlobo ehlakazekile-engeyokuqala.

Okokuqala esakhiwe kanje: kukhona peripharyngeal indandatho kuyiphi ukunweba ezine emgqonyeni. Ababili babo innervate unyawo kanti lawa amanye amabili - ngaphakathi.

Isimiso sezinzwa uhlobo ehlakazekile-engeyokuqala iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Siqukethe amabili namabhuzu izifunda kwemizwa. Ababili besisu obangela innervation we izitho zangaphakathi ezimbili isinyathelo - unyawo. Bobabili ngazimbili Izinzwa izifunda kukhona ISIZINDA samanje - ganglia. Ziyakwazi ngokuvamile namabhangqa ayisithupha: buccal, palsy, pleural, isinyathelo, parietal futhi visceral. Eyokuqala innervate le pharynx, kwesibili - le tentacles namehlo, eyesithathu - isiphuku, bese kuthi owesine - umlenze, owesihlanu - imigudu yokuphefumula, owesithupha - ezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

izinzwa

Kukhona shellfish anjenge, siyivumele ukuba bathole ulwazi mayelana imvelo:

• ihambe;
• amehlo;
• statocysts;
• Osphradium;
• amaseli sezinzwa.

Amehlo futhi ihambe zitholakala ekhanda besikhumba saleso silwane. Osphradium etholakala eduze kumila zokuphefumula. Lokhu chemical izinzwa. Statocysts - a izitho ibhalansi. Ziyakwazi ngezinyawo. amaseli Ukudideka banesibopho umqondo touch. Basuke esisogwini emaphethelweni kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, ikhanda nasemlenzeni.

uhlelo alimentary

Isakhiwo imbaza sihlinzekela izinhlaka elandelayo yaleli pheshana:

• Throat;
• emphinjeni;
• esiswini;
• midgut;
• hindgut.

Futhi, isibindi likhona. Ngo cephalopods , kukhona kwamanyikwe.

I othambile emphinjeni kukhona umzimba ekhethekile ukugaya ukudla - radula. It ihlanganiswa ngamazinyo kusukela chitin, lokuyintfo olusha njengoba ukugaya asendulo.

izitho Excretory e molluscs

Lolu hlelo liqukethe nezinso. Zibizwa ngokuthi metanephridia. izitho Excretory e mollusk ezifana nalezo ngezibungu. Kodwa ahlelwe more xaka.

izitho Excretory e mollusk zivela njengoba iqoqo emazombezombe amashubhu ayoni. Metanephridia komunye umkhawulo kuvula esikhwameni coelomic, kanye nezinye - out.

Excretory izitho mollusk zingase ubungako obuhlukahlukeneko. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye cephalopods babe metanephridia eyodwa kuphela etholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Ngo monoplacophora siyenzeka kakhulu ngendlela 10-12 isitho Kwabiwa.

Ngo metanephridia shellfish buthelela imfucumfucu. Basuke emelelwa izigaxa uric acid. Kususiwe umzimba sesilwane zingabantu njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu.

Futhi kungase yesimiso excretory e molluscs ukubizwa ngokuthi Atria, okuyinto banesibopho okufika igazi.

umgudu wokuphefumula

shellfish ezahlukene ke imelelwa kwemitimba yabohulumende. Ngakho, iningi othambile samanje zokuphefumula. Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi ctenidium. It abhanqiwe kwesokudla emizimbeni feathery. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi nesiphuku. Ngo mollusk ezihlala ezweni, esikhundleni gills, kukhona ukukhanya. Kuyinto Ushintshe isiphuku ingaphakathi. Izindonga zayo lwangena ngu imithambo yegazi.

Kuyinto futhi indawo ebalulekile exchange igesi kuthatha shellfish isikhumba umoya.

uhlelo zokuzala

Singasho zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengoba kukhona phakathi clams kukhona hermaphrodites nezinhlobo dioecious. Esimeni lapho kokukhulelwa hermaphroditism ngamunye izenzo umuntu njengoba kokubili iduna nensikazi.

Ngakho sabuka zonke izinhlelo uhlaka shellfish.

umzimba nemigubuzelo shellfish

Isakhiwo lesi sici siyahlukahluka abameleli amakilasi ezahlukene.

Ake sibheke ongakhetha ezihlukahlukene integument, okungenzeka izibonelo shellfish, isilwane ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu isigaba esithile.

Ngakho, ngo-solenogastres namakhava caudofoveata presents nesiphuku ukuthi ihlanganisa wonke umzimba, nge cuticle ehlanganisa glycoproteins. Futhi spicules samanje - uhlobo inaliti, okuyinto aqukethe lime.

Ngo bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, futhi inzavula igobolondo monoplakfor cuticle lingekho. Kodwa kukhona igobolondo, esakhiwa ipuleti olulodwa noma ezimbili endabeni le bivalve. Ezinye eziqhelelene ekilasini gastropods le ngxenye amashidi elingekho.

Izici igobolondo isakhiwo

It kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izingqimba ezintathu: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi.

Ingxenye elingaphandle igobolondo njalo akhiwe kusuka amakhemikhali organic. Ngokuvamile kuba conchiolin. Okuwukuphela komehluko mthetho kungase kubhekwe njengokuvamile silwanyana Crysomallon squamiferum iziqu ekilasini gastropods. Kuye i yangaphandle igobolondo ungqimba yakhiwa sulfides Ferrum.

Ingxenye phakathi imbaza igobolondo siqukethe calcite columnar.

Yangaphakathi - ipuleti calcite.

Lapha esixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo molluscs.

isiphetho

Kufinyeta sibukeze kafushane kwezitho ezinkulu nogwali sezimiso othambile ethebuleni. Futhi ukunikeza izibonelo molluscs okuqondene amakilasi ezahlukene.

Manje cabanga abameleli amakilasi ezahlukene clams kanye timphawu tesakhiwo yabo.

Lapha sahlola izici isakhi abameleli eyinhloko uhlobo shellfish.