Formwork - kuyinto ... kanjani ukwenza formwork?

Formwork - isakhiwo ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningi. inhloso yabo ngqo - ukudalwa amabhlogo Monolithic. Ngakho uma uya ukwakha indlu, ukuthi kusisekelo, okuzoba ngaphezu komhlaba, kudinga formwork. Ake sibone ukuthi iyini, yini izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi indlela yokwenza eliphezulu formwork ngoba isisekelo yezandla zabo. Believe me, lokhu uyokwazi ukubhekana wonke umuntu sizobonisa ngokuzimisela efanele.

Formwork nezinhlobo zayo

Sesike esiphethweni sokuthi isisekelo babuqinile futhi kwadingeka uhlobo oluthile kwesakhiwo, kubalulekile ukwakha shuttering. Futhi manje Ngithanda ukusho mayelana imibono yakhe. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo kuphela ezimbili: esikhiphekayo futhi okungezona esikhiphekayo. Imihlobo ehlukeneko formwork izinhlelo, isibonelo, inkampani "KRAMOS" - http://www.kramos.ru/opalubka/. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo formwork kufanele ligcine ezilula ezimbalwa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu, owayevelele kubo - ukwamukela bese ubamba ingcindezi kobuso ukhonkolo, ngenkathi hhayi ekushintsheni ezakheke ngayo. ukugeleza Inadmissible ngokhonkolo ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo, ngaphezu kwalokho, formwork kumele ngokushesha futhi kalula nalolwakheke kahle. Asithathe sihlolisise, nge imibono yayo futhi ukucacisa emihle nemibi ngamunye.

formwork elungisiwe futhi esikhiphekayo

Ungabona kusukela isihloko, ukuthi emva obandayo isakhiwo iba yingxenye ebalulekile isisekelo isakhiwo. Lolu hlobo formwork - isakhiwo esenziwe kusuka edayisa izinsimbi materials. Ziyakwazi kulula futhi fast ukufaka. Ngenxa chipboard ezisetshenziswa, fiberboard noma ifreyimu metallic. Kwezinye izimo, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa styrofoam. Sizobe ukukhuluma ngemva kwesikhashana. Kukhona izixazululo efanayo, isibonelo, pier isisekelo metal noma asbestos amapayipi. ubukhulu yawo ububanzi 150-200 amamilimitha angu. Inzuzo esobala iwukuthi ngokuqina. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho lusetshenziswa pier isisekelo ukhonkolo-setshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, formwork ezinjalo - ukungabi khona ezweni imisebenzi eyengeziwe, kanye nesidingo ukufaka amabombo elisizayo spacers. Njengoba for izakhiwo esikhiphekayo ke akukho ekhethekile ukukhuluma. Ngemva ethela isisekelo futhi obumba formwork is adiliza, futhi ibhodi noma ipulangwe lingasetshenziswa kunoma yiliphi elinye icala.

Metal izakhiwo: ngebuhle nebubi

Njengoba lungenye yezinto kuyabiza kakhulu ingase isetshenziselwe esithela formwork kakhulu okusansimbi. Lusebenza amaphepha amamilimitha angu eziningana e ukujiya avame, okuyinto kwanele simelane kwasekusekelweni. Vele ayefuna ukusho mayelana nokuthi wayeqinisile yini uma isinqumo esinjalo. Okokuqala, kungenxa ikhono agobe steel ishidi njengoba ufisa. Ngenxa yalesi kungenzeka ukulungisa ukuma oyifunayo kwesisekelo. Okwesibili, lena ungangenisi amanzi engcono, okuyinto kuphela ungacabanga ngoba isisekelo sakho. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - kungenzeka ukushisela lo ukugcizelela isisekelo ukuze uzimele. Kusukela lokhu izikhathi eziningana kwandisa amandla kwesakhiwo. Kodwa udinga ukusebenzisa isisekelo esiqinile noma strip. Ngokuqondene nemibi, kuba omunye kuphela - izindleko.

Fixed timbering kusukela polystyrene enwetshiwe imikhiqizo ukhonkolo

Into yokuqala Ngingathi mayelana nemikhiqizo ukhonkolo. Lesi sinqumo eshibhile kancane kuka ukusetshenziswa amashidi steel, kodwa intengo akuyona njengoba enezisekelo zikakhonkolo nabancane, ngakho izindleko kuzozwakala. Nokho, ngenxa kungenzeka zishintsheke ukushuba we ukhonkolo, ungakwazi banciphise ukusetshenziswa ngokhonkolo e isisekelo, ngakho-ke, ugcine kancane. Kodwa lapha inkinga lokhu: Okokuqala, amapuleti zinzima kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa spacers ezengeziwe njengoba imikhiqizo hhayi Monolithic. Ngokuqondene impahla ezifana polystyrene, isetshenziswa njengendlela formwork akuyona kudala, kodwa kakade kwakuqala ukwanda okukhulu ngenxa yokuthi liyasiza. Inzuzo enkulu itholakala lula inhlangano. Blocks impela nje sinamathela lwemidlalo, futhi phakathi kwabo ukubamba ngenxa metal besokunxele. isixazululo enjalo muhle ngoba, sibonga design eyingqayizivele amabhlogo Monolithic, isisekelo etholwe hhayi kuphela ngokuphelele flat, kodwa futhi qualitative (ezinhle zihlale zifudumele futhi ungangenisi amanzi).

Ezisebenzisa isisekelo strip?

Strip isisekelo kuze kube namuhla ubhekwa eyodwa yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu yokuthola nsuku yokwakha ikusasa. Isimiso lapha ilula. Kukhona isihlabathi izikhwama, ligcwele screed ukulungele futhi kwakhiwa uhlaka ukuqinisa. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye lokhu okwenziwa bathele ukhonkolo. Kodwa lokho kungcono ukusebenzisa formwork? Kuzoba uvumelane cishe ikhambi, isibonelo, ukwakhiwa polystyrene Foam, metal, ukhonkolo, nokunye. N. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa noma yini, wena nje kufanele amba umsele. Kodwa kakhulu hhayi Kunconywa ukuba benze kanjalo, kanye nemiphumela kunokwenzeka ezingalindelekile kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, avame banded formwork lokhuni. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho izindleko ongaphakeme ukukhiqizwa yayo, futhi ukufakwa ngokwako ngempela fast.

Classic formwork lokhuni

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla kukhona amasha futhi eyingqayizivele izici zayo lobuchwepheshe, izinto, iningi wayekhetha izakhiwo lokhuni. Lokhu kungenxa izinto eziningi. Okokuqala, kungenxa intengo. Namuhla kukhona ithuba ukuthatha sokuqasha formwork, futhi inyanga ukubuyela. Kodwa ngisho noma nje ukuthenga ebhodini, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzolahlekelwa, ngoba ungasebenzisa esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ungafaka phansi isakhiwo esifanayo. Enye ipharamitha ezibalulekile, ngenxa okuyinto ukunika okuthandayo kulokhu kwaziswa - liyasiza. Uma endaweni ethile okuthile inamathela noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akudingeki izingcezu ngokwanele komkhiqizo, kulula kakhulu ukuxazulula ngosizo isaha noma isando ngezipikili. Ngokwesibonelo, ipulangwe formwork esetshenziswa ophahleni. Akukhona ezishibhile kuphela kodwa futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu.

Ukwenza izandla zabo formwork

Yonke imisebenzi aphethwe izigaba eziningana. Ake uqale nge ngowokuqala ngqa. Sidinga ukwenza wonke umsebenzi phansi. Ngemva kokubala imithwalo kwesakhiwo phansi ibhizinisi. Kunconywa ukuba ashiye mayelana 1-2 cm isikhala phakathi formwork futhi isisekelo. Kubalulekile ukufakwa kulula. Esikhathini esizayo, sikhala ligcwele emhlabeni. Umsele kumele embozwe isihlabathi (isihlabathi isiguqo). Khona-ke kukhona screed ukhonkolo, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze banciphise ukulahlekelwa impahla ngesikhathi ukusakaza. Uma uhlela ukuba ukuklama izinduku ukuqinisa, khona-ke kumelwe kube ayisa phansi kulesi sigaba. Esigabeni sesibili sizobe yimani niqonde formwork. Ukuqala ngokwezifiso zonke izinto, futhi kuphela ke uqhubeke ngqo ukwakhiwa.

Ukumaka, siqinise futhi ukufakwa

Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza sakhiwo. Ngemva kwalokho, lapho kufanele khona amakhona formwork okhanda nezikhonkwane ezincane (ngokhuni). Badinga ngqo ukusekela isakhiwo. Kwabe sekuthi ngolunye Ubukhulu zangaphambi ibalwa, ifaniswe amabhodi. Lapha formwork Monolithic kuyinto akukhetha kakhulu ngoba kulula ukufaka ngenxa ukuklama izici. Bazivikele ngezipikili, ngezikulufo nezikulufi enamathiselwe ngezigxobo. Ngakho, empeleni, kwakhiwa ifremu. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ekugcineni eside le formwork noma omningi ngokhonkolo wathela kuyadingeka ukuze aqinise isakhiwo. Lokhu kwenziwa esebenzisa spacers, okuyinto asethwe e nokwanda kuka- 70-90 ngamasentimitha. Kunenye isixazululo: donsa izikopelo ukwakhiwa, kodwa kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo isihlangu emnothweni kuzoba nzima njengoba kuthanda emigodini amabhodi. Phakathi yokufaka kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isakhiwo mpo, okuyinto udinga ukusebenzisa ezingeni isakhiwo. Zonke izikhala babe ukulamula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukulingana cishe noma iziphi izindlela. Uma ibanga emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka ezimbili formwork kuyoba ngaphezu 4 mm, kusobala ukuvuza ukhonkolo.

Kanjani ukwenza ukubala?

Ngaphambi amakhaya shuttering izokwakhiwa, kumelwe ibalwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale imingcele ezibucayi. Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga abavamile kakhulu formwork lokhuni. Ngakho, ibhodi has a obuphelele esezingeni 6 amamitha, ukushuba 25 kwangu kanye ububanzi 100-150 mm. Azungezwe isisekelo kufanele ihlukaniswe nge 6, okuyinto ubude ebhodini, futhi ukuphakama - kuya ububanzi. Imiphumela etholwe kufanele banda uthola izinombolo ngomumo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngayinye imitha cubic kuthatha cishe 42 kuya ku-100 mm ibhodi ububanzi. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, kuyodingeka ichithe ama-ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 5-6 cu ngayinye. Ukuze konke lokhu kumele kwengezwe, futhi intengo struts aseRama for ukugcizelela kwesakhiwo. Zonke ndawonye izobiza ruble angaba yizinkulungwane 10. Ngokwesibonelo, formwork unomphela kusukela polystyrene enwetshiwe kufanele ibalwe onguchwepheshe. Lapha akhawunti esithathwayo we plan isisekelo. Uma kukhona izingxenye eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zizoba cishe iyafana lapho uthenga amashidi steel. Ngaphezu kwalokho osekushiwo, kubalulekile ukuba singakhohlwa acabangele izindleko okudlekayo: izinzipho, ngezikulufo, nokufakwa, spacers, njll

Udinga ukuthola ukuma oyindilinga? akuyona inkinga

Kwezinye izimo, ngaphandle ukubopha abanakukwazi ukwenza, futhi lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka sobala. Isihlangu metallic noma neinventarnaya ibhodi lokhuni ingasetshenziswa njengoba ezibonakalayo. Uma ufuna ukwakha koloni, kudingeka siqale ukudala T-ukuma kubakaki obandayo. Ungakhohlwa uwafake ndawonye. Kodwa konke luyindida kakhulu uma ufuna ukuthola ukuthi yini Square kanye round ukuma. Lapha-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa ebhodini. Kufanele uwafake isimiso emgqonyeni. Iqiniso ukuthi formwork ikholomu ukumelana okusezingeni eliphezulu umthwalo othize, ngakho-ke Kunconywa ukuba enze ezakhiwe esinqunyiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, njalo emva amasentimitha 50-80 Kufanele usebenzise izibopho nezikhonkwane ukuqinisa. Kwezinye izimo, kunengqondo ukuba babheke luhlaka ngomumo eyenziwe. Uma unenhlanhla, uzothola ubukhulu esifanelekayo futhi kahle ugcine hhayi imali kuphela kodwa futhi imizwa yakho.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto afaneleka?

Yiqiniso, ingasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ebhodini, kodwa kwezinye izimo lokhu isinqumo kuphela elungile. Uma ufuna ukwakha formwork unamandla amancane, kodwa isimo oyindilinga, sebenzisa plastic. ikhambi ephelele ukwakhiwa emadokodweni, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu. Material ibheke kahle, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto kancane ukushisa. Kodwa-ke futhi, khona-ke amandla okungenani. Ngokwesibonelo, i-plywood formwork - liphinde isixazululo omuhle, kodwa kuhle uma eminye kuqinisa ebhodini. amandla ayo kancane kunakunoma plastic, kodwa namanje ngenhloso sína, lokhu akulona ikhambi best. Ngokuqondene amashidi ensimbi, ingasetshenziswa cishe noma kuphi. Kodwa kwenza kancane umqondo shuttering metal Uphahla lwangaphakathi. Layisha lapha ezincane, kanye nenani isisekelo, futhi. Kodwa izindleko ishidi ukumangala ezingemnandi wena. Uma sithatha amashidi metal bese uzisebenzisa ukwakha amakholomu noma lapho impahla okuhlala kakhulu liyadingeka.

Amanye amaphuzu asemqoka

Lapha thina sikanye nawe, ngabheka indlela yokwenza formwork, kanye nalokho izinto ezisilungele kangcono for ukugcwaliseka ukulungela inhloso ethize. Njengoba ubona, akukho inkinga enkulu, okubaluleke - kangakanani ukulandela imithetho embalwa ebalulekile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba banake ngokwanele ukuba amandla design, futhi okwesibili, asikwazi bayakhohlwa isakhiwo mpo, ngoba ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma udala formwork kwekholomu ukwakhiwa Ubuyisé flat xaxa, kunengqondo umbe kancane emhlabathini ebhodini. Ngakho-ke ngeke wengeze amandla futhi ugweme skewing ngesikhathi ethela ngokhonkolo. Uma kungukuthi ukusebenza izindonga zangaphandle, akudingekile ukusebenzisa metal amashidi, kumane nje engenangqondo. Ngokuvamile formwork idaliwe kusuka plywood noma amabhodi, kuyazuzisa ngempela futhi kufaneleka.

isiphetho

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho formwork. Lena into ngaphandle okungekhona izindleko ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona choice omkhulu ngezinto, ukwakhiwa kwalesi isimiso esifanayo.

Nokho, yilokho ukuthi kungathiwani indlela yokwenza lo formwork ngezandla zabo kusuka ezihlukahlukene izinto. Uma uya ukuphila kule ndlu, qaphela kuzo zonke izigaba. Ngokuqinisekile asifuni ke ukuze 'jabulela' ijika futhi manzi izindonga noma emakhoneni ngoba lokho akuzange ihlonishwe verticality, noma impahla okungalungile yayisetshenziswa.