Gambit - Iyini? okusho

Ngenkathi yamaSoviet, iningi abafana namantombazane kwaba ngokuphelele ujwayelene igama elithi "gambit" (njengoba igama elithi "castling", "inhlanganisela", "ingcindezi isikhathi"). Phela, omunye imidlalo ethandwa kakhulu emkhayeni enkambeni ehlobo, egcekeni bese epaki kwaba chess eyanikeza emhlabeni kwethemu. Ngeshwa, nge Njengoba sekunama-computer, i-Internet kanye zesimanje ukuze aqondise umdlalo yengqondo ebhaliwe owawuse. Rusty futhi umqondo. Muva nje, Nokho, igama elithi "gambit", kubonakala sengathi, ithole kabusha. Ngo izichazamazwi kuze incazelo yalo engokomfanekiso kungacacisiwe, kodwa indlela abantu abakhuluma ngayo isetshenziswa njalo futhi kabanzi. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Bit chess theory

Ochwepheshe ahlukanise noma yikuphi umdlalo we-chess ibe izingxenye 3. Isigaba sokuqala ajwayelekile zonke igama "DEBUT." Isilinganiso - "umdlalo phakathi" (izwi German ukuthi uhumusha ncamashi - "phakathi umdlalo"). Finale Party ngokuthi "Endgame" ( "ekupheleni umdlalo", njengoba ungase ukuqagela). Ngo kwenkathi ngayinye, abadlali imisebenzi yabo. Nokuntula usizo kubo ingaba mibi kakhulu nganoma isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le party.

Imithetho eyisisekelo aseqala

Noma yimuphi Chess Umqeqeshi lifundisa abadlali bakhe ukuthi ukuvulwa kuyadingeka ukuletha izingcezu zakho kwindawo kokuqala, ukuthatha isikhundla nenzuzo kakhulu, enokwethenjelwa ukuvikela inkosi futhi athathe ukulawula central kwamapulangwe Amasimu. Udinga ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ijubane, ngangokunokwenzeka ukugwema uhamba okungadingekile isibalo esifanayo. Kuyadingeka wokunqanda isitha ukuba afeze izenzo ezifanayo. Umdlalo kakade esiteji okokuqala kufanele kusekelwe uhlelo ocacile, iphethini ecacile. Ngakho-ke, abadlali imfundamakhwela chess kuphela hamba "njengoba uNkulunkulu ukufake lengenako." abadlali abanolwazi sikhulunywa ngezindlela ezihlukene usulungile, aziwa izinkulungwane. Kukhona amaqoqo ukuvuleka, okuyinto ezibekwe kule scheme efakazelwe. Gambit - ubuye DEBUT, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngalokho ngezansi nje.

izinhlobo ukuvuleka

ukuvulwa ngamunye unegama ayo, indaba yendalo futhi sequels kungenzeka. Esigabeni sokuqala umdlalo ngokuvamile libhekwa ngamaqembu amathathu ngokuvumelana kuqala ithuba esimhlophe impendulo lesitha.

• Vula umdlalo iqala uhamba: 1. E2-E4 - e7-E5.
• umdlalo Semi-evulekile lapho uma E2-E4 1. Black ukuphendula nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle 1. ... e7-E5.
• aseqala Kuvaliwe ekuqaleni nganoma iyiphi indlela emhlophe, ngaphandle kushiwo ngaphambili 1. E2-E4.

Manje sikwazi ukukhuluma yini igama elithi "gambit".

amagama

Gambit - kungukuqala iqembu, lapho omunye nabaphikisi umhlatshelo pawn noma sibalo. Unjani ngempela uNkulunkulu Nikwenzelani lokhu? Ukunqoba Tempo ekuseni amakilasi ukuthuthukiswa kangcono libeke izibalo zabo ukunqunywa umzabalazo abukhali noma. Kuye isenzo esinjalo abukhali abaphikisi ukuvuleka zihlukaniswe amaqembu 3. gambit Yokutholwa - kungukuqala iqembu, lapho abaphikisi wawamukela umhlatshelo. Kwenqatshelwe - uma akalamukelanga "eyeluliweyo" pawn noma sibalo. Ekugcineni, umdlali onganikela ekuphenduleni - ke ukhulume kontrgambite.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi "gambit"?

Incwadi yokuqala ezibucayi chess uvele ekhulwini XVI. Zaba incwadi, ezikhishwe umpristi Spanish Rui Lopesom de Segura "incwadi mayelana ukukhalipha chess" (1561). Kuyinto lapho ngokokuqala ngqa igama elithi "gambit". Umsuka wegama elithi, abacwaningi abaningi isibaluli gambit French ngofuzo Gambetta Italian - «footboard», alinge il gambetto -. «Ukubeka uyenqaba '

I gambits edume kakhulu

Royal. Omunye ukuvuleka endala kuchazwa Gambit Lopez WeNkosi. Igama lakhe wanikezwa ngenxa pawn bobukhosi womhlatshelo:

1. E2-E4 - e7-E5. 2. F2-F4 ...

Kuze zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, wayengumuntu ethandwa kakhulu, ngisho eyenziwa tournaments ekhethekile thematic, lapho bonke abahlanganyeli idlalwe kuphela lokhu DEBUT. Yakhe ehamba ekhulekelwa Boris Spassky futhi Judit Polgar, Robert Fisher noPawulu Keres noDavide Bronstein wacabanga ukuthi ngenxa ke futhi ufuna ukudlala umdlalo chess. Ongoti bayaqiniseka ukuthi Gambit YeNkosi - ukukhetha ephelele abadlali imfundamakhwela. Kule mpi aseqala kuphakama kusukela uhamba sokuqala ngqa. Ngakho saqala ifunda ukuhlasela kuqala, bese kuphela ukuvikela. Gambit has bakholelwa izinto ezihlukahlukene, kungashiwo noma wamukele noma cha. Ngezinye izikhathi ezimnyama ephendula pawn zizinikele. Lokhu okuhlukile libizwa kontrgambitom Falkbeera:

1. E2-E4 - e7-E5. 2. F2-F4 - d7-D5.

Queenside. Lokhu ukuhamba ukuvulwa iqala, bese isisulu queenside pawns.

1. D2-D4 - d7-D5. 2. C2-c4 ...

Gambit yasetshenziselwa isikhathi eside, kodwa ezidumile ikakhulukazi wayengumuntu ekhulwini XIX. Ngokuvamile ezitholakala kulo mqhudelwano namuhla. Famous for aphorisms yakhe GM Savely Tartakower ngokuthi Gambit YeNkosi "bagxumele ulasha, 'futhi Queen -". Bagxumele emhosheni " Kulesi DEBUT, Black Ungase futhi ukwamukela umhlatshelo ezimhlophe, bayakwenqaba noma ukuphakamisa Kontrgambit Albina (okokugcina yethiwa amagama chess umdlali, ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa uhlelo emdlalweni ngokumelene Emanuel Lasker eNew York ngo-1883):

1. D2-D4 - d7-D5. 2. C2-c4 - e7-E5.

Kufinyeta

Ngakho, gambit e chess - kuyajabulisa ukuqala ngokujulile party, lapho umdlali uya isisulu, ukuthola inzuzo yinto ehlukile: * Bagcinitimali positional, ijubane, ekuthatheni Amasimu zamasu. Ngokuvamile, umdlali inika pawn, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase banikele shape. Lokhu kunjalo e Gambia Cochran:

1. E2-E4 - e7-E5. 2. Kg1-f3 - Kg8-F6. 3. Kf3: E5 - d7-D6. 4. Ke5: F7 ...

non-chess gambit

Kusho ukuthini? Iqiniso lokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside inkulumo ethi okukhulunywa ayebadlula umdlalo we-chess. izichazamazwi Academic musa ukuqopha incazelo ngokomfanekiso kwegama elithi, kodwa ikhona enkulumweni bukhoma! Ngakho, ngo-1966 ezikrinini out American movie ukuphanga "Gambit", futhi ngo-2012 - Remake yakhe eponymous. gambit IsiZulu inezincazelo eziningi, kuhlanganise "isisulu yokunivumela iqhinga, isinyathelo sokuqala." IsiRashiya igama yahunyushwa ngokuzenzakalelayo "gambit", kodwa akekho akuyona udidekile! Gambit Chess kahle uchazwe kabusha ngolimi Russian. Namuhla, ngaphansi kuyaqondakala (ukubhuka, endaweni ethakazelisayo, inkulumo nalengakahleleki) isisulu noma ukunikwa enziwe imigomo ethile. Ngokuvamile, elithi umsindo in the kwezepolitiki futhi izinto Journalistic. Hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi lokhu amagama ibonakala yimpumelelo, Nokho, like amakhowe emva kwemvula, sikhule gambits ezingenziwanga ezisohlwini yimiphi lwemibhalo chess: Russian, isi-Ukrainian, eCrimea, Syria, gambits Putin and Yanukovych. Izwe lonke siguqulelwa iphathi enkulu, lapho kungekho ezweni elilodwa, akukho umholi olulodwa akafuni ukuba pawn.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama elithi "gambit" ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke ayisungula akekho omunye ngaphandle umlobi odumile owayephila Boris Akunin. Ngo-1998, kusukela usiba lwayo kufika incwadi yesibili ochungechungeni, anikezelwe Erast Fandorin - "Gambit Turkish". Lokhu okokuqala chess alikho. Kukhona Belgrade, Budapest, Sicilia kanye iVolga, kodwa akukho-Turkish. Futhi incwadi akukho mayelana umdlalo lasendulo. Nokho, igama kungabonakali reinterprets lo elithi chess. Futhi sokungabaza, akekho kwesokunxele - umbhali ayifake emlonyeni "omubi" iqhawe Anwar effendi, incazelo ukunwetshwa. Uthi ukuthi ukuvenisha, kodwa Turkey ababuthakathaka kwakunikelwa ngendawo ngoba ukunqoba intuthuko kanye nentando yeningi (kuxhumene US naseNtshonalanga Yurophu), eRussia. UMbusi u-Alexander wathatha isisulu, kodwa kwamiswa umphumela we iqembu hhayi umusa. Gambit - umnikelo akuvamile kuholela uwine abaphikisi, mindlessly ukusamukela. Ukunqoba, udinga sikulindele zonke izindlela ezingakhona sokuthuthukisa isimo, ubale oku uhamba eminingi ngaphambi - ngabe kungcono chess noma GEOPOLITICS.