Garri Trumen - umongameli US. Biography, ubuzwe, isithombe, phakathi nokubusa inqubomgomo angaphandle

Garri Trumen - umongameli US nge phetho engavamile. likaMengameli yakhe, ebalulekile okungahleliwe, futhi izinqumo impikiswano, ngezinye izikhathi ezibuhlungu. Lokho Truman evunyiwe nokubhonywa imizi Japanese Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki nge amabhomu e-athomu. Nokho, umongameli 33th babekholelwa ngokunemba isinqumo, bekholelwa ukuthi isenzo esishaqisayo ubudlova kuye kwasindisa izigidi zezimpilo, wakhothamela umaluju yaseJapan. Kamuva waba umqalisi we "iMpi Yomshoshaphansi" neSoviet Union.

umongameli engathandwa

Truman - US President ne isilinganiso ephansi emlandweni. Phakathi kwabaholi engathandwa American azalelwe Missouri esebeké uhlobo anti-irekhodi: Ngo-December 1951, 23% kuphela abantu baseMelika wayekubheka njengelungelo umsebenzi omuhle. Ngisho Richard Nixon ngesikhathi scandal Watergate kwadingeka inani eliphakeme - 24%.

Ngo-1953, lapho eshiya post yakhe,% 31 kuphela omphakathi adunyiswe kokubusa kwakhe, 56% - omubi. Kodwa nakhu indida: ngo-1982 inhlolovo phakathi mlando, nongumholi ovelele isizwe, futhi ochwepheshe wathatha Truman indawo 8 ohlwini zonke abongameli US.

Ucwaningo we zomlando wabonisa ukuthi Truman - US President ngohlamvu eqinile. Ezimweni ezinzima futhi ungakhululekile akazange ufaka abalingani, nabasebenzi, abazenzela ezabo izinqumo, ngisho noma babengakwazi ethandwa. Kuphinwe umthwalo, kulesi simo Ayikaze ilubeke indlela ekhethiwe. Ngakho sezombusazwe engathandwa rose ezingeni American Folk iqhawe.

Truman, uMengameli waseMelika: Biography

Umlando Truman iqukethe ezinye amaqiniso okungavamile. Njengoba ayezalelwe emkhayeni umlimi encane Meyi 8, 1884. Waqeda esikoleni e Independence, Missouri. Ndawonye umfowabo wazama abe ummemezeli ebhange, kodwa imali ekolishi wayengekho. Ubaba elahlekelwa yizinto zakhe ngenxa yokucabangela emakethe okusanhlamvu.

US ubuzwe uMongameli Garri Trumena hhayi ikhangiswe (komkhondo izimpande Jewish), kodwa ukuthi Wayekholelwa ngobuqotho, umBaptist futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wajoyina Masons ezaziwayo. Kusukela ngo-1906 kuya ku-1907, Harry, kanye uyise nomfowabo wasebenza ugogo ipulazi. Ngo-1914, kwashona ubaba wakhe, futhi Truman yena wagijima epulazini. Wethula kwezitshalo kanye zizalela izinkomo, waphumelela. Futhi okwamanje etshaliwe zinc-lead ezimayini, bahlanganyela umkhonyovu uwoyela.

Ukuqala yezombusazwe

Isithakazelo kwezombusazwe ngesikhathi Truman waphaphama lapho esemusha. Kwathi lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II, wazihlanganisa National Guard, ukulwa emasimini France. Ngo-April 1919 yena ushiya inkonzo yezempi ne isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni, ashade Elizabeth Fuhrman. Ndawonye nomuntu othandana naye kuvula izingubo esitolo zabesilisa.

Inkinga yokungabi 1921-1922 libukelwa phansi ibhizinisi owayezoba umongameli, Truman isala ayizinkulungwane 25 zamaRandi izikweletu. Isifundo wafunda: ibhizinisi - hhayi kuye, futhi Truman iba olusemthethweni. Harry, ukubuyekezwa, kwaba isikhulumi esabekayo. ikusasa lakhe kwezepolitiki wabona phakathi kwababusi Democrats - inombolo Party 1 eNingizimu.

Isikhulu Young wazazi wabavoti kanye inkanuko asekelwe comrades front-line. Njengoba Jackson County umahluleli, wayenomthwalo wokusingatha noma:

• izimo zendlela;
• ukuchitha amanzi;
• Landa ngobuphathi asebekhulile;
• usizo ukuze izakhamuzi.

Kusukela lephalamende ukuze uSekela Mongameli

Ngakho esikhathini esizayo Truman - umongameli wase-United States, ogama izithombe kuhlobisa tabloids yesikhathi. Futhi ngenkathi Harry kwaba ethembisa, kodwa sezombusazwe elaziwayo elincane. It ngempumelelo uphatha County, abagcina ngokucacile ukulungiselelwa party, ngakho leli qembu ngemuva kwalokho eyomsiza abe yilungu lephalamende ngemuva kokhetho 1934.

Umsolwa oneminyaka engu-50 ubudala lephalamende Truman esimweni sakhe ikhaya of Missouri efika e-Washington. He is umsekeli "okusha Deal" Roosevelt (kalowo owayengumengameli) ehilelekile ekwakhiweni kwemithetho. Eyokuqala ezibalulekile ikhomishana - usizo ukulawulwa air traffic buthola umfutho. Khona-ke lephalamende uzakhela igama yena, eziveza umzimba namaqhinga emthethweni eziningana abaphathi zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe. Ngemva kwakhe kabusha ukhetho iSigele ngo-1940 kwaholela ekomidini eziphuthumayo, okuyinto subordinated ekutadisheni ngombono izikhali izinhlelo.

Izenzakalo Pearl Harbor futhi sokuhoxisa e-US impi okukhipha le komiti ngokuba izindima kuqala. Harry yaduma kakhulu ukuthi ngo-1944, unamathela ngokuseduze isikhundla iphini likamengameli. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, waqala obala khulumela US iqhaza kabusha nezinhlangano zomhlaba ngemva kwempi. Nokho, indida: njengendlela umsekeli kaMongameli walelibandla Truman akusho iqhaza izingqungquthela kwezempi ngaphambili, akakwazi ngokungaqondile ukwaziswa yokudalwa kwendawo ibhomu le-athomu Manhattan phrojekthi.

UMongameli ufile. Bayede umongameli!

Ukufa Roosevelt ngo-April 12 1945 emzini ngokuzenzakalela (ngokuvumelana uMthethosisekelo) kwenza Harry umholi wezwe. Kusukela manje Truman - UMengameli waseMelika. Phakathi nokubusa: 12.04.1945- 01.20.1953. Impi esithile eYurophu sekuzophela isakhiwo, ubudlelwano Soviet-American sawohloka ngenxa yezinkinga eziseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Truman uyaqhubeka ukuba banamathele amaphrojekthi kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho we Roosevelt abaphathi, ukudalwa:

• United Nations.
• IMF.
• World Bank.

umongameli Truman, US: inqubomgomo angaphandle

Garri Trumen unesithakazelo ubuhlobo obuhle Stalin, kodwa ufuna ukugwema nezinkinga Churchill. Yena kwamthukuthelisa kakhulu izivumelwano Polish-Soviet (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Poland ezonini US ithonya), ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto lamaKhomanisi Soviet isimo amaphoyisa, kancane sihluke kaHitler eJalimane nase-Italy uMussolini sika.

Eyesithupha ka-Agasti, lapho abagibele impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Augusta", uthola umlayezo isicelo e Hiroshima (Japan), ibhomu lokuqala le-athomu. By endleleni, ngo-July 24, umongameli unolwazi Stalin mayelana isikhali entsha, Nokho, wathula, ukuthi sikhuluma superbomb: "Siye bahlakulele isikhali esesabekayo kakhulu emlandweni. Luzosetshenziselwa ngokumelene Japan. Imigomo - okuhloswe wezempi, kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane nezingane ".

nhlekelele yenuzi

Truman - US President okokuqala nesibindi ukuhlola izikhali zenuzi abantu. Sakhe hit ukuziphatha evuthayo impi amaJapane: ukuhlaselwa kwakwakhiwa ku Pearl Harbor, mashi olubulalayo iziboshwa, eziningi zokuhlukunyezwa iziboshwa zempi ePhilippines. Harry wayazi ukuthi ayehlasela isiqhingi esikhulu Japanese abalimala eziningi azinakugwenywa.

Ukuze Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki, ke waphakamisela wagxekwa futhi wagxeka kamuva kwamashumi amahlanu. Nokho, Truman babekholelwa ukuthi bephonsa amabhomu Japan wasindisa ukuphila amakhulu ezinkulungwane amasosha aseMelika nezigidi Japanese ngubani sasibulawa phakathi nokuhlaselwa yezwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1951, lapho UJenene MacArthur waphoqelela zisebenza ingxabano-Korean zenuzi, umongameli wenqaba.

Yena njalo ecabanga ukusetshenziswa ibhomu, ikakhulukazi lapho China wajoyina impi ohlangothini North Korea. Harry Ngabona ibhomu isikhali kwezombangazwe, okwakusho singasetshenziswa ekulweni neSoviet Union, lapho kuzoba mayelana nokuvikeleka US. Ngenhlanhla, impi iphela ukubekwa amabutho.

Izwe ngemva kwempi

I post-yimpi division wezwe ngokucacile sihluke okulindelwe abadlali omkhulu: United States, eU.SSR naseGreat Britain. Uhulumeni waseSoviet yasenzela phansi nge IMF futhi iBhange Lomhlaba - izikhungo, okuyinto, ngokusho iziphathimandla US, kwakufanele babe usekelwe ukufukulwa komnotho emhlabeni wonke.

Kodwa ngo-1947, lapho Cominform - inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe lamaKhomanisi. EU.SSR uzalela umqondo ayenawo emhlabeni. EMpumalanga Yurophu, aseBalkan neChina babesekela umbono. Truman uyaqaphela ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi inhlalakahle, ngokwengqondo ukuziqaphela namasosha. Uma baseYurophu, ukhathale impi, akukuniki ukuzethemba ukuthi eMoscow uzokwazi ukuthonya labantu ngayo embusweni entshonalanga. Lezi zimpi ziye zaba ukhiye ebuhlotsheni obuphakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali.

imfundiso uTruman

Truman, umengameli US, baba abaphikisi eyinhloko uStalin. containment kwenzeka wokuqala njengomnikelo containment ezimbili zase-USSR futhi eJalimane. Luhilela ukusungulwa ukulinganisela eyachithwa umhlaba wonke kwezempi of State kanye nokusungulwa eJapane naseYurophu, izikhungo ezintsha kwamandla ngokumelene inqubomgomo ye-USSR.

Akekho okwalandela US kamongameli namthelela ukuthuthukiswa post-yimpi Europe njengoba Truman. 1947 waba unyaka nokuzalwa 'imfundiso Truman ". Congress ukuvimbela Communist Party ukuze amandla, eGreece naseTurkey inikeza abalulekile usizo lwebutho nezomnotho.

United Kingdom akuseyona sikwazi ukumelana iSoviet Union ngo-esifundeni, ne-United States waba amandla main iMedithera. Kwabe sekulandela LukaMarshall owanikhipha Western Europe kusukela yokujama tsi futhi ukuqeda ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho. Ngayo embusweni ka-Western Europe eduze nokubambisana kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe - ukudalwa NATO (1947 th).

Njengoba "emoyeni ibhuloho 'Berlin sika, ukuthuthukiswa NATO yabonisa ukuthi umholi US wayezazi umphumela ngokwengqondo izinqumo zezombusazwe. Naphezu mpendulo, Harry uyaqonda ukuthi US ayilungele ukudlala indima "Iphoyisa emhlabeni". inqubomgomo Truman sokuqondisa ngo-1950 - it is a inqubomgomo ngokuyinhloko containment komnotho wenarha yabo boke expansionism Soviet. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka usizo zamazwe amabili kwezomnotho, unswinyo, ukuhweba liberalized nezinqubomgomo exchange rate. Kafushane, zonke izinyathelo okungenzeka containment kwethonya Soviet.

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

Ngokumangalisayo, i-eyingqabavu inqubomgomo angaphandle zithuthwa ezifundeni ngokwabo beqonda omubi. Isilinganiselwa Es Harry Truman unqabile kancane. ezombusazwe Yangaphakathi kwesikhathi mlando laphawula ngokuthi "impi yangaphakathi" umongameli wamanje nabeluleki ovulekile ngaphambi uMongameli Roosevelt. Ngo-1946, i-Republican won inengi izihlalo Congress. Democratic Party wangena shí crisis. South Ababesadla ngoludala abangethembi Truman ezombusazwe zobuhlanga. umbono womphakathi kanye nabezindaba "wangcwatshwa" umongameli wamanje. Zonke izinguquko Berlin crisis. Harry usula ukusatshalaliswa ngokobuhlanga kwezempi, yena Okholwa into fair yomphakathi. Nokho, iCongress enganikanga selihanjiswa zaso kabusha.

Truman akusebenzanga ubuhlobo izinyunyana. Kubo bonke izinkinga sengezwe nokungqubuzana embonini steel. Harry ngaphambilini ukuze uthumele Izigayo ensimbi ukusetshenziswa uhulumeni ukuba ekupheleni ingxabano. INkantolo Ephakeme imemezele ukuthi kuphambene uMthethosisekelo.

Zempikiswano yiyona kanye nesinqumo Truman ukulawula kwesokunxele-wing eyamukelwayo zezombusazwe, okuholela umkhawulo amalungelo abantu nokushushiswa ngemibono of amaKhomanisi ngaphansi kobuholi Senator McCarthy. Uhlelo lokuthembeka uhlala ikhasi impikiswano Truman likaMengameli.

Ubudlelwano nge Congress abangu wabophela Uhlelo yakhe "Fair Deal". It elawulwa amanani, credit, imikhiqizo ezimbonini, nokuthengiswa, amaholo nezintela. I-Republican iningi Congress Zaruba lolu hlelo. Izingxabano Congress saba sibi kakhulu ngesikhathi ihlandla lesibili Truman sika njengoba umengameli. Republican kuchasiselwe ukulahlekelwa bakhe bezombusazwe ukuba China. Ngenxa ukugxekwa zezombusazwe Harry entwasahlobo ka-1952 wabonisa ukuthi uyenqaba ukulandela angenele ukhetho zakhe. Congress omamukele kakade ibhekwa uMtsetfosisekelo nokukhawulela iHhovisi likaMengameli imigomo emibili. Nokho, Truman ukuba anake, ngoba wayengumuntu umongameli eyisithupha kuphela. Ngo Umlando wakhe, wabhala: "Njengoba umengameli - kusho ukuthini ukuba nginesizungu kakhulu." Abafile umongameli 33th of the Kansas City 12/26/1972, eneminyaka engu-engu-88.