Tsar Vasily Shumsky, ebhodini: izici, izinqubomgomo kanye nemiphumela

Tsar Vasily Shumsky, okubusa kwakhe kwadingeka emakhasini obuhlungu kunayo umlando isiRashiya, wayevela Boyar umndeni abadumile, livela Rurik. Lokhu lwamakhosi azifinyezwanga nokushona Fedora Ioannovicha. Shuya waba yinkosi akhethwe phakathi nempi ngokumelene nabasePoland, okwabangela ukuwa yayo okusheshayo.

umsuka lordly

Ubaba Basil, owazalelwa e-1552, kwaba Prince Ivan Andreevich Shuysky. Wafa phakathi neMpi Livonian (empini yokulwa abaseSweden) mayelana Lode castle. Basil futhi bahlanganyela eziningi imikhankaso yezempi ka Grozny emazweni aseBaltic kuka wathola umusa. Wayengumuntu ubufakazi emshadweni wobukhosi u-Ivan IV nomunye wabesifazane zokugcina.

Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina Kubi Shumsky isibe kwelinye lamazwe ezinethonya kunazo le boyars. Wayengumuntu ilungu Duma futhi uye wayilondoloza isikhundla salo esiphakeme endodaneni Ivan Fyodorov. Phakathi nale minyaka, yena kahle ubuciko ezombangazwe, njengoba e Moscow, umzabalazo kwamaqembu seigniorial eziningana ngethonya e inkosi entsha.

Ikesi Falsdmitry

Ngo 1591 Vasily Shumsky, okubusa kwakhe kwaba namanje eseliseduze, aphenya ngokufa okuyimfihlakalo Dmitriya Ioannovicha. Prince Little wahlala Uglich futhi kwakufanele kube indlalifa engenabantwana umfowabo omdala uTheodore. Nokho, wafa ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali. Shumsky Boris Godunov esimisiwe inhloko umsebenzi okhethekile. Basil wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi Dmitry wayeshone ngenxa yengozi. Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi bephikisana ngokuthi iphutha kwaba Boris Godunov kulesi sigameko. Kuleso simo, wayekwazi ukwenza Shumsky Rig ibhizinisi.

Boris, nakabekwa kuba yinkhosi, ku imingcele esentshonalanga ye Russia, kwakukhona amahemuhemu mayelana ukusindisa Tsarevich Dmitry. Lokhu legend yasungulwa ngo-monk nombaleki Grigoriem Otrepevym. Pretender asekelwe amaPolish King, owamnika imali yebutho lakhe lempi siqu. Lzhedmitry ehlasela izwe, futhi Shuya wathunyelwa nababusi njengoba omunye regiments ukumhlangabeza.

Bekanye Fedorom Mstislavskim wahola ibutho 20000th empini dobrynichi Januwari 21, 1605. Kule mpi, Dmitry Amanga wahlulwa kanye babebaleka bephindela lapho Poland. Kodwa Shuya akazange ukuphishekele. Mhlawumbe wakwenza ngenhloso, engasafuni Godunov (ophikisana naye) ngakho kancane sokuhlupheka. Maduze, ngawo lowo nyaka, uBoris ufe ngokuzuma.

Amandla wadlulela nendodana yakhe esencane Fyodor. Shuya kwaholela ugobe inkosi abasha, kodwa lokhu kwaziwa futhi Basil waxoshwa eMoscow kanye nabafowabo. Khonamanjalo Lzhedmitry wasimama ukuhlulwa kwakhe ngesikhathi Dobrynichah futhi ibutho elisha wafika eMoscow. Abantu abangu awanelisekile Godunov, Fedor ekhashelwa futhi abulawe. Ekuqaleni kokubusa pretender.

ukuvukela Kwaholela ngokumelene Falsdmitry

Lzhedmitry kwakudingeka boyars abaqotho. Njengoba abasekeli Godunov babe namahloni, inkosi entsha abuya ekuthunjweni izimbangi zabo ekupheleni 1605, kuhlanganise Shuiskis. Basil akazange alahlekelwe isikhathi ize. Wema ngasekhanda yokuvukela ethandwa ngokumelene pretender.

Lapho uvele eMoscow Lzhedmitry wajabulela ukushayelwa kuthandeka kubantu abavamile-dolobha. Nokho, wenza amaphutha eziningi ebulalayo. Into ebalulekile ukuthi uzungezwe nabasePoland abaqotho ngisho wafuna ukuguqukela ebuKatolikeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitha bakhe baqhubeka besakaza amahemuhemu eMoscow ukuthi ngempela Tsarevich Dmitry washona eminyakeni eminingi edlule e Uglich.

Lo mbhikisho senzeka 17 Meyi, 1606. Dmitry Amanga wabulawa. Uzamile ukubaleka kodwa kusukela esigodlweni, weqa ngefasitela ngaphuka umlenze wakhe esimweni olungenakuzisiza enjalo utholakale eshaywe waze washona.

Kube umbuzo mayelana esikhundleni sakhe. Njengoba uhlobo lwe Rurik azifinyezwanga, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo wabulawa Godunov, le boyars waqala ukukhetha lelitimele entsha nezinye imindeni enamandla. Shuya yayidumile, ayenakho abasekeli abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kayisemkhulu ezikude kwaba Prince uVladimir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich uhlobo Rurik. Ekugcineni, ngo-May 19, inkosi Vasiliy Shuysky sikhethwe. EnguMbusi IBhodi waqala ngo-June 1, lapho egcotshwa.

Lo mbhikisho Bolotnikov

Kodwa ukunqoba kwaba yinto yesikhashana wohlanga olukhulu wangaphambili. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka Vasiliya Shuyskogo kwafika impi nezitha eziningi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lapho Dmitry Amanga uvele ezindaweni entshonalanga ye umbuso isiRashiya, bendawo isidlulile ukulalela kuhulumeni. Ngo nje eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kwalokho izwe lahlaselwa indlala embi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, zagcwala ongumlimi yokuvukela. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke sazo ukuvukela Ivana Bolotnikova.

Esinye isizathu esibalulekile sokunikeza ukusebenza ezifana kwaba ukubunjwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa serfdom eRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Ngisho phakathi nesikhathi Boris Godunov abalimi abakhonondayo wathatha izikhali iphansi kwesandla sika-Ataman ukotini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1606 abalimi ezivela esifundazweni isinyathelo izindaba ngezenzakalo eMoscow. Abaningi babengakholwa ukuthi inkosi Dmitry abulawe. Awujabulile umcabango wokuthi lesi sikhathi ofanele waphunyuka ngalobo busuku. Ngakho, lezi zihlubuki wafuna ukuba agumbuqele inkosi kuqokwa we the boyars.

I-Centre ubekade umngcele edlubulundayo Putivl. Vasiliy Shuysky, okubusa kwakhe uqalile nje, ekuqaleni abazange banake ukunganeliseki abalimi. Futhi lapho bethuthela ngqo Moscow, ngaphansi amabhanela wayesevele abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Abavukeli wahlulwa retinue yenkosi. Ekwindla ka-1606, abalimi eholwa Bolotnikov ovinjezelwe Kolomna. Mthathe kuhlulekile, futhi esikhundleni ibutho waya eMoscow.

Ukunqoba kuka-abalimi

Ukuvinjezelwa inhlokodolobha sasithatha izinyanga ezimbili. Kwaba isenzakalo esithinta esibucayi zabhikisha. Ingxenye kwezinhloko zamaviyo Bolotnikov lalinabashumayeli amayunithi ababebuthene nezicukuthwane. Baya esandleni senkosi kuka nemabutfo buthaka. Bolotnikov selibalekele Kaluga, lapho uvinjiwe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Entwasahlobo ka-1607, lapho lihambe liye Tula. Ngo-June, amabutho wenkosi evimbezela edolobheni. Sam Vasiliy Shuysky wahola ibutho. Inqaba yokugcina lezi zihlubuki kwaba Tula ezibiyele, okuyinto elathunjwa ngo-October 10. Bolotnikov wadingiselwa North, lapho waba impumputhe futhi ziminze imbobo.

Ukuvela a pretender entsha

Ngisho ngesikhathi evimbezela Tula yinkosi watshelwa ukuthi Starodub kwaba pretender entsha. Njengokulotshiweyo ukuthi njengoba izazi-mlando Lzhedmitry II ezaziwayo. phakathi nokubusa Vasiliya Shuyskogo angazanga ngosuku olulodwa elinokuthula.

Umzenzisi kuphumelele ekuthumbeni emadolobheni amaningi eRussia emaphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi amabutho wenkosi walahlekelwa ukulawula kakhulu zaleli zwe, YaseCrimea AmaTatar okokuqala eminyakeni eminingi yahlasela i-Oku.

kokungenela angaphandle

Musa ukuhlala izandla nezinye izitha Shumsky. Isitha esikhulu kwaba amaPolish Korol Sigizmund. Yena ovinjezelwe Smolensk. amabutho Lithuanian esingaphezu konyaka ezazingaphansi kwawo izindonga edumile zintathu e-St. Ukungenelela babhekwe njengabezinye izizwe kwaba imbangela yavelonkhe yenkhululeko. amayunithi zemvelo kwakheka kulesi sifundazwe. Ayenyatheliselaphi todvwa kusukela amasosha wasebukhosini.

Ukubusa Tsar Vasily Shuisky kwaba ukubuyisa. Wazama acele ukwesekwa phesheya. UMbusi wathumela amanxusa ku-isi-Swedish iNkosi uCharles, ngubani bavuma ukumnika ibutho kanye Amasosha esenana ezivuna encane indawo. Inkontileka nabo esayinwe Vyborg.

Sebebonke ibutho Russian-Swedish ngaphansi Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky futhi Yakoba Delagardi wangqongqoza nabasePoland kusukela emadolobheni amaningana enyakatho. Nokho, kusho inyunyana yaba ngeyesikhashana. phakathi nokubusa Vasiliya Shuyskogo ke bekagula. AbaseSweden ngaphansi ibhaxa ukuthi Russian akazange uhambisane nemigomo yesivumelwano, matasa Novgorod.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ibutho kuye kwanda udumo, Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky. Wenza eMoscow ukuze akhulule central city Russian of nabasePoland naseLithuania. Kwakukhona abanye izimpi interventionists elahlekile (ngaphansi Torzhok futhi Toroptsev).

Ukunqoba Skopin-Shumsky

NabasePoland naseLithuania asekelwe Amanga Dmitry II, njengoba babuthana baba. IBhodi Vasiliya Shuyskogo, ngamafuphi, baqhubeka enhloko-dolobha wedwa. I amabutho angumfelandawonye interventionists futhi umkhohlisi wahlulwa eduze Kalyazin Agasti 28, 1609. ibutho Russian empini eholwa Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky - umshana yenkosi. Wakwazi ukuvula eMoscow ovinjezelwe.

Hero-umkhululi owaphasiswa inhlokodolobha nazo zonke udumisa. Michael wamenywa edilini, lapho wazizwa ukugula emva ungiphuzise lesi sitsha. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, iqhawe lesizwe wafa. Abantu babediniwe amahemuhemu ukuthi umi ngemuva ubuthi Vasiliy Shuysky. Lezi zingxoxo ungazange yazuza ukuthandwa inkosi.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iRussia engena Polish King Sigismund. Wagxumeka umfowabo ngaphansi kwenkosi Klushino ke lokhu kubhikisha kwaqala ngo eMoscow. Vasily boyars wagudluzwa futhi kwamphoqa ukuya esigodlweni sezindela. Ababusi entsha inhlokodolobha esifungelwe indodana Polish King Vladislav. Yokubusa Vasiliya Shuyskogo yaphela Icebo lika ngendlela ehlazisayo.

Ukufa imiphumela Board

Lapho abahlaseli bafika eMoscow, Shuya kwanikezwa abahlaseli. Inkosi yangaphambili washukumiseleka ukuba ePoland, lapho eboshwe enqabeni Gostynin. Kwakungo-September 12 1612 lapho eRussia lezwakala ngesikhathi ibambene sempi ngokumelene abahlaseli. Ngokushesha yonke yaleli zwe ngaleso khulula kusuka kubahlaseli bangaphandle, futhi waba yinkosi Mikhail Romanov.

Imiphumela wokubusa Basil Shuisky esidumazayo. Lapho ekugcineni kwafaka izwe ku isiphithiphithi lalihlukene phakathi, kukhona interventionists.