Ukukhululwa Budapest amasosha aseSoviet

Ngo-March 1944, amaviyo 2nd Ukrainian Front wafika emngceleni we-Soviet Union Romania. Kweminyaka ecishe ibe mithathu, abantu baseSoviet zalwa impi olunegazi ngokumelene abahlaseli amaNazi ethile ensimini yawo. Manje kwaba mahhala kusuka isifo brown zonke ethumba amaNazi indawo yaseYurophu. Kodwa kuze kube ekunqobeni kokugcina kwaba namanje isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Kuphela ngo-September 1944 ibutho laseSoviet ephethwe ukuyokudla Bulgaria futhi Romania futhi ukuya ngokushesha ukuze nomngcele Hungary neCzechoslovakia. Ukulwa eHungary kwahluka wawuhlukunyezwe akhethekile ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza ukukhulula izwe uthethe isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukuze uqonde imbangela yalezi zenzakalo, ubheke umlando ukungena Hungary empini. Siphinde sixoxe ngendlela kwaba yokukhululwa Budapest amasosha aseSoviet (kafushane ngalokhu esihlokweni).

Ukungena Hungary empini neSoviet Union

Imiphumela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala okubangelwa Ukunganeliseki abantu Hungarian. Ubani ilahlekelwe omningi insimu yabo yezwe wayelangazelela uwabuyise. Yilokhu ukuthi yisona sizathu esikhulu ezaholela uhulumeni ka Miklos Horthy ku izingalo eJalimane. Ukuzama acele ukusekela Hitler izimangalo zabo phezu zaseYugoslavia futhi emazweni aseCzech, Hungary yamemezela sokuhoxisa kusukela ekusunguleni iNhlangano Yezizwe futhi wajoyina Tripartite Pact atheleka.

De empeleni waba, izwe ingenele iMpi Yezwe II ngo-April 1941, waba ilungu kuhlasela kaHitler ku eYugoslavia. Impi ne iSoviet Union Hungary ngo-June 27 1941 Sekukonke, bathunyelwa ngaphambili esempumalanga abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amaningana, iningi layo lafela noma bathunjwa at kwaseStalingrad. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye 2nd Hungarian Army baseSoviet Union ngesihluku ikakhulukazi, angagcina kuphela amasosha, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi.

Ngo-1944, kwaba sobala ukuthi ukunqotshwa Germany - kuphela endabeni isikhathi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uhulumeni Horthy baqala ukufuna indlela aphume impi. Sekube izingxoxo izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States, lapho akazange azithalalise uHitler. Sokudumisa, owesaba okukhohlisa, Ngaxoxa Hungary we amabutho aseJalimane kanye kudalwa uhulumeni omusha pro-German. Baboshwa abanegama obiza a ukumisa ubudlelwane ahlangene ne Germany.

Kodwa zonke lezi zenzo akuzona kakhulu futhi kwangisiza. Isimo saba sibi kakhulu ngo-August 1944, lapho Romania saphela ukusekela eJalimane futhi wamukele imigomo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa, njengoba beye lasetshenziswa ohlangothini anti-Hitler womanyano. Horthy imizamo amashushu ukuxoxisana uHulumeni waseSoviet ku ukuqedwa impi mutual. Kodwa lezi izinhlelo ungazange isigcwaliseke.

UHitler upopayi wakhe uhulumeni ngaphansi kobuholi Szálasi idedelwa ukwesaba yangempela Hungary. Izwe uyekile ukusebenza, zonke izikhungo zemfundo kanye ukugqugquzela Imininingwane kwathiwa. Hungary limenyezelwe umjaho baphakame yonke indawo iDanube. It uqalisiwe kokuxoshwa kwezithunywa amaJuda ukuba emakamu okuhlushwa amaNazi.

Ukuqala ukusebenza lempi iRed Army e-Hungary

Phambili Amayunithi iRed Army ensimini ka Hungary thiya ukumelana okushubile kwabaphathi amaqembu Hungarian nesiJalimane. Noma kunjalo, ahlala isikhathi eside ze emelene ngempela namaSoviet kukhangisa akuzange umsebenzi walo. BaseHungary ikakhulukazi ngisho mva Szálasi ebesezilungele ukusekela kodwa hhayi ukungena umfelandawonye Russia.

Yiqiniso, omunye phezulu izikhulu zempi yeHungary kwakukhona nalabo ekhetha ukubekela phansi izikhali futhi ayeke nokuchitha igazi. Ngakho, ngo-Okthoba wanikela B. Miklos induna 1st Army Hungarian wabiza emsakazweni amasosha ukuba silandele isibonelo sakhe. Bangaphezulu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Abangaphansi kwakhe futhi ezabeka ngayo phansi izikhali. Izenzo ezinjalo zalotshwa phakathi ezinye Amayunithi 2 kanye 3rd yebutho Hungarian. Kodwa kwehla olwandle.

Inhloso esemqoka okuvimbela Carpathian- Transylvanian isitha iqembu ngabelwa amaviyo 2nd Front Ukrainian ngaphansi Marshal Malinovsky futhi 4th Front Ukrainian iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Petrov. Amathenda ohlelweni ababenakho zizodla maqembu ngokusebenzisa Eastern Carpathians, sibanqobe, futhi ukuthuthukisa okuhlukumezayo endaweni emfuleni iTisza.

Iziqondiso imivimbo eziyisisekelo kwadingeka ukuba kushintshwe izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabutho 2nd Ukrainian Front akakwazanga ukuphatha ukuba afeze oda GHQ. Sivikele omkhulu counterattacks isitha. Kodwa, naphezu kwesimo esinzima amasosha, Malinowski ibutho noma yini eyayidingeka ukuze unqobe ezintabeni yeTransylvania nasenkabeni yayo futhi uthole Debrecen. Lokhu wehlulekile ukufeza zizungezwé amabutho aseJalimane ku Carpathians.

I okuhlaselayo entsha kwakuhlelwe 6 Okthoba. Ngaphandle amabutho aseSoviet, kwaba khona abangu-22 ukwehlukana Romanian. Amabutho we 2nd Criminal kude amabutho esitha anamandla. Inkinga yayiwukuthi ngokwezinga elikhulu front line (800 km) kanye Logistics abampofu. Futhi asole labhujiswa abase bebaleka amaJalimane nojantshi nemigwaqo yonkana Romania.

Inhlanhla ku kuhlasela ohlangothini we amasosha aseSoviet. AmaJalimane babengaxoxi nhlobo ekubonile ukubaluleka nokudluliselwa Debrecen, okwenza amabutho main emaphethelweni Budapest. Afterthought, bagijimela waphithizelisa ngaphansi izigaba Debrecen amahlanu ngomshini. Kodwa kwase kwephuzile.

Okthoba 6 lowacala kusengaphambili ngokushesha amasosha aseSoviet. Yonke imizamo amaNazi ukuyeka kusengaphambili yabo kuhlulekile. It akaphinda wamsiza iyiphi imigwaqo izimayini, akukho airstrikes. Ngosuku olulodwa, Red Army isihambile km 50, owabangela umonakalo eside kubasebenzi kanye nemishini ye isitha.

Ngo-October 10 ukwehlukana Soviet bakha uqhekeko 100-ikhilomitha ku izivikelo wesitha. Okthoba 20, Debrecen wakwazi ekugcineni uthwebule. Kwaba impumelelo ebalulekile phakathi okuhlaselayo, kulokho Debrecen kwaba isiphephelo ngobukhulu lwamaNazi futhi idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu e-Hungary.

Eyesibili esiteji wokusebenza Debrecen

Alas, ukuthatha Debrecen ngokuphelele aphume umdlalo ibutho Hungarian kuhlulekile. Ngakusasa isiphetho esibalulekile okwakuseduze layo umuzi Nyíregyháza. City ligamanxa ukufinyelela elula kunazo ukuwela uMfula iTisza. Umyalo we "South" we sebutho lezempi esasiphethe lo mkhakha phambi, wenza konke ukugcina idolobha, ngesikhathi esifanayo sizama siphinde sithole ukulawula Debrecen. Kusukela 22 kuya ku-27 Okthoba ngezihluthu endaweni Nyíregyháza. Ngenxa yalokho, umuzi uthathiwe. Kodwa sebelahlekelwe yini!

I umhlanganyeli eyinhloko izimpi - ngomshini abakhwele amahhashi amabutho ka Jikelele Pileva - ilahlekelwe cishe izinkulungwane 10 amaphoyisa kanye sergeants, futhi angaba yizinkulungwane 17 abavamile, emakhulwini izikhali, 250 amathangi nezinye Amandla isitha, umonakalo ehloniphekile kakhulu osekwenziwe .... Kodwa into - Battle of Debrecen kuya ku-October 28 seliqediwe, futhi ingxenye yesithathu endaweni yaseHungary, kwaba ezandleni ebuthweni laseSoviet. I okuhlaselayo wathatha izinsuku 23 futhi bavunyelwa ukuba bangene kuleli zwe kuze kube 275 km. Nokho ahaqe German namayunithi Hungarian kuhlulekile. Bona ahoxa, abuyela emuva emigqeni ukuzivikela entsha, ngalinye elikwazi, okuhle ngabo ukuthi igcinwe ngokufutheka okukhulu kuzo zonke izimiso of Tactical amakhono ezempi.

Isigaba sokuqala sale ukusebenza kwe-Budapest

I okuhlaselayo baseSoviet abaphenya Budapest kanye bamba okwalandela komuzi - omunye kakhulu emikhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi imisebenzi yempi. phambi Yande (420 km) umyalo bagxila samabutho amakhulu: 2 Ukrainian Front, 3rd Ukrainian Front (umkhuzi - Marshal Tolbukhin), 1st futhi 4th ibutho Romanian kanye iDanube weqembu lemikhumbi. длилось более трех месяцев. Ukukhululwa Budapest kusukela amaNazi lwathatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu.

Ngo-October 29 ohlangothini yaseSoviet yokuthuthela ukuphakama e nezinamba amasosha nezikhali kwabonakala. Yingakho Jikelele Headquarters ungenisa elikhanyayo amathemba umbani okuhlaselayo ku Budapest. Malinowski enganikanga ngisho kwezinsuku ezinhlanu Kucelwa ukulungiswa amayunithi ibutho.

началось 29 октября силами частей 46-й армии (2-й УФ). Ukukhululwa Budapest amasosha aseSoviet waqala ngo-October 29 amabutho izingxenye Army 46th (UV 2nd). Ezinsukwini zokuqala ke uye savela kahle. Demoralized ingxenye yempi Hungarian zinhlanga zingahlelekile uye eBudapest. Novemba 5 kuya yangaphandle ukuzivikela Budapest dlula was hhayi ningi than 15 km. замедлилось. Bese yokukhululwa Budapest kusukela amaNazi kancane. Waba nendima abampofu izimo sezulu kanye supply engabalulekile. Plus ekomkhulu le, kwanqunywa ukuba sibuye sizihlele kabusha amabutho, ngakho njengoba hhayi ukuba engozini amabutho 2nd futhi 4th ngomshini Corps, owaqala balibangisa inhlokodolobha Hungarian.

Bobabili izakhiwo babekwa 7th Guards Army, okuyinto ayelwa egibele ebhange esentshonalanga emfuleni. Yew, ukwandisa bridgehead. Kakade ngawo-November 4 yakwazi ubambe nemizana emithathu nje: Szolnok, Abony futhi Cegléd. Okwamanje kunzima kakhulu okuhlaselayo kwaba owela we iTisza. Izikhukhula khudlwana ezingeni amanzi emfuleni. Crossing kusho ukuthini kabusha ngomlilo isitha. Uma amaqembu athile ephethwe uwele, masinyane amaJalimane esiphikisayo ehlaselwa kusukela ezinhlangothini, uzama anqunywe owela futhi ikhubazekile.

Eyesibili kuhlaselwa Budapest

I kungukuhlasela kwesibili omuzi aqala ku 11 Novemba. Kuleli qophelo, iqembu German-Hungarian kusayithi kwakuba amandla bahlonipheke futhi babe 2 we Criminal Code uye balahlekelwa esiphawulekayo. Kodwa ngisho kulesi simo abantu abanengi baphikisana nathi namanje kwaba ohlangothini amasosha aseSoviet.

Ngemva emfushane wezikhali zenkulumo amaviyo 7th Guards Corps lasungula okuhlukumezayo isiqondiso Jaszbereny futhi Hatvan. East wenza ngomshini abakhwele amahhashi amabutho ka Jikelele Pileva futhi 23 Armored Brigade, plus 4th kanye 6th Guards Cavalry Corps. Bona Ayembamba edolobheni Dendesh.

Ukuziphilisa Okugcwele ecasulayo mudslides ekuvimbeleni, Ukwakheka understaffing, ukuqedwa ukwehluleka inqwaba izikhulu kanye nokuntuleka kokuxhumana wire. amayunithi German-Hungarian kwadingeka kakhulu sibi kakhulu. Zazingenawo phansi amayunithi. Kodwa umsebenzi anda izindiza German. Ngisho nasemibhalweni isifiso sibonga esibhakabhakeni kuya 5th Air Army ngaba nelungelo phezu UV 2nd.

Novemba amabutho 25 Soviet athumba edolobheni Hatvan - kwaba impumelelo lokugcina kungukuhlasela kwesibili Budapest. I-dolobha yaseHungary ubekade umkhumbi. Kodwa nokujikijela zokugcina amabutho aseSoviet kwakudingeka isikhathi sokulungiselela.

Capture of Budapest

I okuhlaselayo entsha wethulwa sekuseni ngo-December 20 amabutho ehlukene 3 Front Ukraine. Kwakudingeka enze indlela yabo ukuba iDanube entshonalanga Esztergom. Lokhu kuzakwenza ukhonkolo ukuqedela encirclement of amabutho esitha endaweni Budapest.

Bathuthuka ngokushesha abangu thiya sezwe nzima: inani elikhulu amagquma izindunduma awavunyelwe ukuwuqondisa amayunithi ngempumelelo ngomshini. Futhi zonke amaNazi zasezintabeni zazivame njengoba inkomba amaphuzu.

Disemba 22 6 Panzer Army (UV 2nd) futhi izingxenye 3rd Ukrainian Front ephethwe yokuhlanganisa emhlabeni esizalweni somfula Hron. Ekupheleni kuka-December 27 bakwazi ukuba azungeze wonke ingxenye Hungarian-German we enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye Budapest. Inani of them was 188,000 (10 ukwahlukana nokukhubekisa izingxenye eziningana ehlukile).

Manje-ke kwakudingekile ukuba akhulule Budapest. Kodwa kwakunzima kakhulu. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga umuzi lutho iye yashintshwa yaba esinamandla enezivikelo eziqinile. Plus, kuma-oda kaHitler uye eBudapest esuka eJalimane kwalethwa amabutho ezengeziwe. Wabuye indawo induna yempi we "South", oqokelwe isikhundla O. Weller esikhundleni I. Friessner.

Disemba 29 ohlangothini Soviet, kwanqunywa ukuba athumele izithunywa ukuba isiphakamiso umaluju: Iqembu uCaptain Ostapenko - ukuze Buda, iqembu uCaptain Steinmetz - ekhatsi Pest. Isiphakamiso ayizange yamukelwe, futhi lezi zithunywa abulawe. Yaqala nokuqedwa amabutho esitha anamandla.

Kusukela 2 kuya ku-January 26, umyalo German kwemizamo eminingana baphonse amabutho aseSoviet yokulwisana-kuhlasela. Kuleli qophelo, eduze Budapest, ngaphezu kwakho konke ukwahlukana German armored futhi embonini yezezimoto abangu bagxila. Kodwa Malinowski namayunithi ngomshini Tolbukhina akwazi ukuzindla nakho konke ukuhlaselwa isitha.

Ukulwa emzini

Ukuze ukulwa imisebenzi e Budapest Budapest Ukubuthelela amabutho iphansi kwesandla sika-M. Afonin lahlelwa (kusukela ngomhla ka-22 Januwari - I. M. Managarova). Lalinama ezine sokuzingela amabutho, 83rd Marine Brigade, ingxenye 5th Air Army, wezikhali kanye 7th izindlu Romanian 183 Tank Brigade.

Ukukhululwa Budapest kwakuseduze, kodwa kulesi senzakalo, kuye kwadingeka ukuba nichithe igazi eliningi. Ngo-January 18 amasosha aseSoviet ngokusekelwa baseRomania wafohla ezifundeni esempumalanga Pest futhi wathatha ingxenye yesinxele-ebhange lomuzi, nakuba amaJalimane alwa ngokuphuthumayo ukuze cishe njalo esakhiweni. Izimpi ezazilwela futhi ngaphansi komhlaba - e emigqeni amapayipi yokuxhumana. I Pest imvelo waba eziyikhulu isikaniso senkulungwane amaJalimane. Kodwa ingxenye nabaphikisi ephethwe phuma esiyingini. Yasha amabhuloho eziningana yonkana iDanube, bakwazi aphephele Buda.

On ibhange kwesokudla bamba kwathatha cishe eminye amasonto amane. Nakuba ekuqaleni Marshal Tolbukhin kuleli kheli le-msebenzi esingaphezu kosuku. Kudingeke ukuba afeze amaqembu sakhe esincane lokushaya. Aviation, kwanqunywa ukuba isicelo, ukuze ukubhubhisa ingxenye mlando edolobheni. Ngesizathu esifanayo, kwaba awasetshenziswa kakhulu wezikhali.

amasosha Hungarian Empini Ngizoba eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa wathatha ingxenye, ngokuzithandela umaluju isiboshwa abazimisele ukubambisana Amayunithi iRed Army. Februwari 13 emva umzamo amashushu aphule izinsalela ikampu German iphansi kwesandla sika-Karl Pfeffer-Wildenbruch ifulegi elimhlophe futhi yazinikela. Idethi yokukhululwa Budapest - Februwari 13, 1945

Nakuba eMoscow phezu oda of the uMkhuzi isigqoko amadoda - Othumbe nezimpi ezimbili Uzame ukususa iqembu 500 - 600 abantu ubalekile namaJalimane baseHungary eBudapest. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukubhubhisa kubo ngabelwa 46th Army 3rd UV.

Sekukonke, ngesikhathi ukusebenza ukuze kukhululwe Budapest (umnqamulajuqu - 02.13.1945) labhujiswa amabutho esitha angaba yizinkulungwane 50 kanye 138 ayizinkulungwane ethumba ...

Medal "Ngoba Capture of Budapest"

Ngo-April 1945 (unyaka wenkululeko amasosha aseSoviet ngo Budapest), kwathi lapho sekucaca ukuthi wonke umuntu ukuthi ukunqotshwa sokugcina Germany - kuba isikhathi esifushane, induna Jikelele Logistics Khrulev ethunywe iqembu abaculi ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi of izindondo ukuba kukhululwe futhi Wathumba imizi osendaweni ezibalulekile European. Ngemva kokubukeza eningilizayo yazo zonke lezi imidwebo ehlongozwayo ngu KaHulumeni ye-USSR Ephakeme Council 9 Juni 1945 igunyaza isimemezelo ekusungulweni ngendondo "Ngoba Capture of Budapest". Ukhishwa yakhe bonke abahlanganyeli ngqo e lokushaya, waba nengxenye izimpi inhlokodolobha Hungarian kusukela 20 December 1944 kuya ku-15 Februwari 1945. Imininingwane, uhlu ngendondo ukhishwa yokukhululwa Budapest iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-360 eziyinkulungwane. Man. Uma isosha waklonyeliswa kwakhe ngendondo kanye nezitifiketi wakhe umklomelo kwakufanele kudlule oyisihlobo esiseduze njengoba keepsake.

Medal yokukhululwa Budapest (esithombeni nethuba esihlokweni) kufanele ogibele lwesokunxele esifubeni. Kuyinto wokuqala ochungechungeni, futhi khona indondo "Ngoba Ukunqoba phezu Japan" - yesibili.

Uhlamvu lwemali lunikezelwe iminyaka engu-50 Izitha yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Februwari 14, 1995 iminyaka engu-50 ruble ukunqoba uhlamvu lwemali 3 yakhululwa yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

• Avers: phezulu kanye usebe ebhaliwe ihlelo kanye umnyaka woyekelo, ezansi - BANK OF ERUSSIA. Phakathi (e usebe ezinamachashazi) - umfanekiso Spasskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele, ingaphakathi usebe - Monogram Mint MMD.

• Reverse: It sibonisa amasosha amane Soviet (elwa isizinda esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo of Budapest). Imibhalo Eqoshiwe kanye usebe: "Ukukhululwa Europe kusukela wobushiqela," "Budapest 13.02.1945, i-" (Phezulu kanye phansi, ngokulandelana).

usizo iRed Army sika ekubuyiseleni isimo Hungarian

On nokuvulwa Hungarian isimo imishini, ubuholi lamaSoviet laqala ucabange kahle ngaphambi kokuphela ukusebenza Budapest. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ngaye yayiwukuba ukuklanywa amaqembu pro-Soviet. Ngesisekelo yabo kwakumelwe ube Bloc wendawo anti-undlovukayiphikiswa, babuya amalungu ekudingisweni Hungarian Communist Party.

Disemba 2, kuleli zwe wadalwa Hungarian National Independence Front. namakomidi kazwelonke kamuva nabo basekela abalulekile zokuqeda ingqikithi amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa endaweni Hungary. Yibo labo eyenziwa ukubuyiselwa ukuphathwa babulala umnotho Hungarian. Engxenyeni Disemba kwesibili kwaqala umsebenzi wayo le Yesikhashana Sikazwelonke kanye Yesikhashana kaZwelonke Uhulumeni.

Ukuze lezi ejensi kahulumeni ukusebenza ngokuphepha, Kwabantu Ebusosheni oPhethe UV 2nd wayalwa ukuba abenzele ukudla, okokubasa, ukuvikela kanye emagcekeni ejele.

Disemba 28, 1944 GNP unqume ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni sokusebenzisana undlovukayiphikiswa futhi bememezela iJalimane. Hungary yasayina ukuxolelana, hhayi kuphela neSoviet Union, kodwa futhi nge-Great Britain ne-United States. Ngesikhathi lokho kuthula kuleli zwe esebenza Allied Control Commission, okwakubekelwa wajuba ukuba ahole Voroshilov.

Ngemva ukuthunjwa Budapest izici ukudla bendawo babelwa umyalo Soviet. Izakhamuzi bathunyelwa ezingaphezu kuka 5 amathani wokusanhlamvu amathani 100 okusanhlamvu. A amasosha abasha Hungarian Soviet nje wasuthisa kusukela emakhishini ensimini.

Ezenye kukhululwa kwebantfu Budapest

Phakathi ukusebenza, ingxenye Budapest Army Iqembu "South" umonakalo makhulu ungalungiseki kwenziwe. Walahlekelwa ukwahlukana 56 futhi brigades. Germany elahlekile ally zokugcina namafutha Hungarian. Ukudluliswa 37 ukwehlukana Wehrmacht kusukela ngaphambili empumalanga e-Hungary nokubhujiswa kwabo okwalandela kwasusa kusengaphambili okusheshayo ngaphezulu amabutho aseSoviet entshonalanga. Budapest Capture wavumela iRed Army nakakhulu ukufinyelela iphiko eningizimu yebutho isitha, futhi lula ukuhlaselwa okwengeziwe Vienna futhi ePrague.

Ukuthuthukiswa Its kwaba isu kanye amaqhinga okulwa amabutho aseSoviet. Budapest operation umyalo wembula amaphutha ngokuziphatha yilobu butha kukhulu.

I negative main waba ukulahlekelwa Irreplaceable yokuphila komuntu. Ukusebenza yokukhululwa Budapest kusukela amaNazi (umnqamulajuqu - Februwari 13, 1945) kuyaqapheleka njengoba olunegazi kunazo zonke ezempi European. I kunqoba baya izindleko izimpilo ezingaphezu kuka-80 eziyinkulungwane yamasosha. Abalimala ezingaphezu kuka-240 eziyinkulungwane.