Garry Kasparov, umdlali chess: Biography, izithombe, ubuzwe

Impilo ka-edumile chess ubuhlakani Garry Kasparov zihluke njengayo engqondweni yakhe ekhaliphile kohlaziyo. Ukunqoba ekhathazekile emhlabeni chess, sokuhamba kungalindelekile yokunika odumo, imisebenzi etemibhalo zezombusazwe - kuphela ingxenye encane ipumelelo Grandmaster okukhulu. Ngempela, laba bameleli olukhulu esintwini kukhona enezici futhi unekhono konke.

ebuntwaneni

April 13, 1963 Baku yamemezela umntwana ngikhala elilandelayo chess iqhawe. Bazali, Vaynshteyn Kim Moiseevich futhi Kasparyan Klara Shagenovna, kwathandwa kakhulu ujabule. Bobabili babengamadoda amakhono ubunjiniyela, kodwa wayethanda ube away chess kusihlwa nokudlala.

Little Garik Kasparov (chess umdlali esikhathini esizayo) kusukela zisencane yabonisa intelligence engajwayelekile futhi wayiqonda konke on the fly. Wayengazi ukuthi konke encane ukwazi ukubukela chess izimpi omama kanye obaba, iyavuleka like isiponji, zonke izinhlobo namaqhinga kanye nezixazululo. Ngolunye usuku, ngempela kungalindelekile, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-5, wasikisela indlela yokuphuma inkinga chess, lapho abazali yephuka. Kuleli qophelo, Kim Moiseevich wabona indodana yakhe iqhawe esizayo.

Ngo-1970, ngemva kokufa kukayise, a chess fan encane iqala ukuba uvakashele isigaba lendawo Isigodlo Amaphayona. Ngomnyaka wokuqala elikutholile ngabesithathu, futhi ivula indlela imincintiswano international.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala wokujikeleza njalo. Kasparov (chess umdlali), ubuzwe is ongumJuda, ngaleso sikhathi wawuhlutha igama sonorous Weinstein. Unina wayazi ukuthi kwakuyodingeka kube nzima impumelelo emisebenzini chess. Futhi ngo-1974 kukhona ushintsho egameni Kasparov. Manje Garik encane Armenia. Manje lesi simo sengqondo Kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isinqumo esifanele kuphela. ukushushiswa anti-lwamaSemite akunakwenzeka ukuba ungumJuda ukunqoba futhi ukunqoba udumo ezemidlalo chess.

Eyokuqala ekunqobeni abasha chess isidlali

Qala career intokazi chess umdlali bekulula. Impumelelo ephelezelwa ingane abanamakhono. Ngo-1973 e Vilnius ku Zonke-Union Youth Games Kasparov chess Umdlali uthola umeluleki kumuntu inkosi ezemidlalo Aleksandra Nikitina. Goga ithalente abasha, Nikitin umnikeza a isincomo yokwamukelwa esikoleni e Ukulifunda ngijule chess art ekuqaleni Mikhail Botvinnik. Ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, ngawo lowo nyaka, Garik nonina ethunyelwe Dubna, lapho ngaphandle kwezinkinga ukufika ku ukuqeqeshwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana uthi Botvinnik umfana simyisa ngaphansi sephiko lalo, enika bonke kungenzeka ukwesekwa.

Ngemva konyaka Kasparov - chess umdlali ngohlamvu capital - okokuqala Uhlanganyela ubuqhawe bobusha be-USSR. Kulokhu, kuphela endaweni 7th kuka enthralls ebhekile, ngoba engu-abanye abahlanganyeli okungenani iminyaka engu-6 ubudala ngembili chess kancane. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ake welule ingane ubuyela kulo mqhudelwano futhi iwina ukunqoba kumhambela. Kuleli qophelo, ithalenta abasha ukuqaphela emibuthanweni ephakeme umdlalo chess, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi angiphindanga ukunciphisa amehlo, ukubukela ipumelelo Garik abasha.

Kakade eminyakeni engu-15, wathola inkosi ezemidlalo ku umdlalo we-chess, ingane brilliant uhlanganyela ukukhethwa yezwe Izilimi enkulu. Nalapha iwina. Ngo-1980 e Baku ngesikhathi esilandelayo mqhudelwano chess umdlali Garry Kasparov uthola GM isihloko, lanqoba Igorya Zaytseva - umqeqeshi isitha sakhe ikusasa Anatoly Karpov.

Real ezimbili "K" sesihloko "World Champion"

Ngo-1984, Kasparov (chess umdlali) zishayisane wamanje emhlabeni chess iqhawe Anatoliem Karpovym. Fight kanye enithanda ukuba kokubili ubamba futhi imisiwe iminyaka 10. Sonke lesi sikhathi, nezwe wayebheke impi amabili abadlali enkulu.

I iziqubu lokuqala luqala ekwindla ka-1984. Waba yini ukunakwa umdlalo umhlaba wonke. I Duel inomkhawulo isikhathi sokugcina kufanele kube 6 onqobayo omunye wabahlanganyeli. Kakhulu Party, ukungezwani Amazing akukuniki uphumule ubani. Quest kusathe gozololo izinsuku 159 futhi esingambona isikhathi eside, kodwa umongameli we-International Chess Federation enquma uphazamisa ukulwa chess. Umphumela uba draw futhi isihloko, ngokuvumelana nemithetho, kuyinto Karpov. Lokho Duel epochal phakathi ezimbili abadlali omkhulu kufakwe chess umlando njengoba owokuqala kuphela sidle chess impi.

Kasparov futhi Karpov sibonane okwesikhathi impi ewumnqamula-juqu, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Lesi sikhathi ukulwa kukhawulwe 24 amaqembu. Novemba 9 lapho isikolo u 13:11 Garry Kasparov - chess master, ogama biography Kuyathakazelisa kubalandeli bayo - uwina ukunqoba esizifanele futhi baba omncane kunathi iqhawe emhlabeni. Kuleli qophelo, yena iminyaka engu-22 kuphela ubudala.

Eminyakeni engu-10 ezayo, ezimbili brilliant chess umdlali ebhekene omunye izimpi ezintathu. Kodwa ngamunye wabo uphela ngukunqoba Kasparov.

iqhawe ukuphila

Ngemva kokuthola isihloko iqhawe somhlaba in umdlalo we-chess, Kasparov uqinisekisile ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuhlukanisa layo eliyingqayizivele. Enqoba tournaments, ngokuwina abadlali abakhaliphile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Kasparov kwaba esivuna kuvulwa Professional Chess Inhlangano (PCA), esizolokhu ethile ukufana kanye tournaments.

Ngo-1993, wayeyisazi chess siphuma Fide (International Chess Inhlangano) futhi cishe bancishwa zonke izihloko, izihloko kanye nezindawo rankings emhlabeni e. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ubulungiswa liyanqoba, futhi isihloko emuva kumnikazi wawo ofanele.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Garri Kimovich imatasa nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Ivula esikoleni ngoba neziphiwo abasha, ngazo zonke izindlela kwesekela kutfutfuka kwekufundza chess emazweni ahlukahlukene. Photo-Kasparov chess ufunde emhlabeni wonke.

Real womuntu-computer

Ngo-1996, abadali ubuchwepheshe bama-computer inselelo ingqwele, futhi akazange angabaze ukusamukela. Kususelwa ilukuluku futhi isithakazelo, umdlali brilliant kuziwa uhlaselwa nge umshini. Umlenze wokuqala eshiya anqobe indoda, nakuba Kasparov alahlekelwe ngenye umdlalo. Futhi ngo-May 1997, ngesikhathi umdlalo wesibili wahlulwa Kasparov kanye owawina umdlalo iba ikhompyutha.

Ngemva kokushonelwa izikhathi 2 ngaphezulu GM engena impi chess nge umshini. Kuzo zombili lezi zikhathi, umphumela kuba draw.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isithakazelo Kasparov ukuba ubuchwepheshe bama-computer ungacimi, futhi egameni ukukhululwa izinhlelo chess eziningana ezithakazelisayo.

umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Naphezu umsebenzi omkhulu ekukhuleni kwezemidlalo, ukuqeqeshwa njalo, ukuphathwa Kasparov Inqubomgomo uyahlanya imayelana nani.

Ngemva kwasani isinyathelo Baku ngo-1990, iqhawe wathutha nomkhaya wakhe waseMoscow futhi ehilelekile kwezombusazwe wezwe. Chess umdlali esivuna isingeniso yelinyenti kanye wahlanganyela ukukhuthazwa Democratic Party.

Okwamanje, i-career zezombusazwe odumile chess umdlali ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Ilungu imikhankaso yokhetho wamalungelo ekudalweni iqembu - brilliant chess umdlali kakade ukuthi ngingaphila kanjani ngaphandle inqubomgomo, main focus zazo namanje nentando yeningi.

Ukugcina kwezemidlalo

Autumn 2000 iba ngezinga elithile ingqophamlando empilweni Grandmaster.
Ngaphakathi umncintiswano olandelayo ukuhlonza umholi umdlalo lasendulo, uVladimir Kramnik kuphumelela kakhulu futhi iwina omkhulu chess umdlali. Kasparov alibe lisaba iqhawe emhlabeni, kodwa ngokomthetho kuphela.

Ngemva kokushonelwa Garri Kimovich, ngokuba ubuntu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa, hhayi kuyadabukisa futhi eminye iminyaka engu-5 siyaqhubeka iqhaza chess tournaments ehlukahlukene Championships. Ngokwemvelo, ukuthola ekunqobeni.

Futhi ngo-March 10 2005 ngonyaka ngokuzumayo yamemezela zinhlelo ukuqedela umsebenzi wakhe umdlali chess. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uze kuqala umsebenzi wakhe uba inqubomgomo lapho Kasparov ingamamitha siyachithwa ngokuphuthuma.

imisebenzi etemibhalo

Ekuqaleni movement in the chess Olympus Kasparov wabhala izihloko kaningi, okuyinto yashicilelwa ngezincwadi ezihlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho uye ebhaliwe wezincwadi eziningana eziphathelene nokuphathwa chess imidlalo kanye ekupheleni kwabo.

Ngo-1987 wakhipha umqulu, incwadi i-okukhuluma, "Ingane Yoshintsho". Le ncwadi ishicilelwe ngesiNgisi, hhayi ebhalwe ngesandla sakhe siqu, futhi sisho intatheli wendawo. Okuthe ngikulokho Kasparov lanyathelisa izincwadi eziningana, nikela othandekayo umdlalo wabo lasendulo.

ukuphila Siqu

ukuphila senhliziyo we chess abadlali abadumile labamihibahiba isiqondiso umsebenzi wayo emhlabeni ngaphandle.

Ngo-1986, i-ajwayelane Mariey Arapovoy. Young futhi uthando ungene ubuhlobo esisemthethweni ngemva kweminyaka emibili, kanti ngemuva kwenye amathathu omkhaya agcwaliswa. Futhi kuzalwe indodakazi emangalisayo - Pauline. Kodwa izinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke, umfazi abathandwa liphambana kungekho umama kancane abathandekayo kuholele ngokuwa umndeni, futhi ngo-1993 umbhangqwana wenze ukuthi isehlukaniso. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, nowayengunkosikazi umkakhe nendodakazi uPolina aziphume ziphele kuleli zwe futhi okwamanje uhlala e-United States.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, umdlali chess Garry Kasparov, ogama biography kuchazwa esihlokweni, iqala ukuba nemizwa umfundi osakhula, futhi liphetha umshado esisemthethweni. Kasparov kuzalwa indodana. Kodwa umshado akazange ulethe injabulo kanye imikhawulo ngesehlukaniso ngo-2005. Kasparov abese eshada peterburzhenke Dare Tarasovoy. Abashadile ozalwa nezingane ezimbili - indodana uNicholas indodakazi Aida.

Okwamanje, igama Kasparov chess umdlali zonke ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke. Garri Kimovich uyingcweti consummate of chess ubuciko, wehlela emlandweni. Won chess eziningana Oscars futhi ngokuwina. Indoda nge okungantengantengi ngala ukuphikelela esivela imfanelo yakhe eqinile, uvikela imibono yakhe emhlabeni. Man, okuyinto ngemuva kokuphela ohambweni lokuphila uyokhuluma uqambe-legends.