Yiliphi izwe - lapho kudabuka khona chess?

Chess yasungulwa emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, futhi namanje akwaziwa ukuthi ngubani yasungulwa kubo. Ngenxa umkhawukho wesikhathi nesenzakalo lo mdlalo usezuze okuningi izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane.

Yiliphi izwe kuyinto okwazalelwa kuyo chess? Ngokusho yetinsita umdlalo has kwaqala e-India.

Umlando chess

India - lapho kudabuka khona-chess. Kukholakala ukuthi bavela ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD. Kamuva chess uyiswa izingxenye ezahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa zonke izizwe ungeze okuthile lakhe: ukushintsha igama umdlalo, ukuma izibalo, kodwa imithetho akukashintshi - checkmate.

Chess nezazi-mlando ezingenamandla isiqiniseko sokuthi umdlalo akusho beveza kumuntu oyedwa ngokukhethekile, futhi iqembu elikhulu labantu ezahlukene, ukuqeda waliguqula libe isikhathi ezahlukene. Imibono ososayensi abavumelana kuphela ngephuzu elilodwa: Abantu India - ezweni lapho kwazalelwa chess.

Nokho, zikhona ezinye izazi-mlando Chinese, abangakholelwa ukuthi umsuka Indian of chess kubonakaliswa ngokuphelele. Bafuna bokusekela lowo umdlalo babevela China.

Uyini kwazalelwa chess? Ubufakazi okuchitha umsuka Indian yomdlalo, cha, kodwa kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke ezincwadini Chinese ubheke kuphela 8th AD leminyaka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa kuphela lapho kwazalelwa chess - India.

Izinganekwane ngemvelaphi chess ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi engavamile, sibheke ezinye zazo.

Hhu nabafowabo Talhand

Incazelo legend ezitholakala imbongi yasePheresiya Ferdowsi, owabhala nendumezulu eminyakeni engaba yinkulungwane edlule.

Kokunye umbuso Indian wahlala indlovukazi, futhi amadodana akhe amabili futhi iwele Hhu Talhand. Sekuyisikhathi labo lokubusa, kodwa unina ayikwazanga lokunquma ukuthi obani ukubeka inkosi njengoba walithanda amadodana wedwa. Khona-ke izikhulu zanquma ukuhlela impi ukuthi kuwina bani futhi iba umbusi. Battlefield ekhethwe kolwandle futhi ezungezwe nomsele yayo. Ukwakha izimo yokuthi waswela indawo ashona.

Isimo mqhudelwano akuzange kudingeke ukuba abulalane, ehlulwa wamabutho esitha. Le mpi iqale, okuphumela Talhand ukufa.

Ezwa ngokufa kwendodana yakhe, indlovukazi wawa ibe ukudangala. + Gava kufika sola lokubulala umfowabo. Nokho, wathi akazange abangele umonakalo komzimba kumfowabo, ubani yena wafa ngenxa yokukhandleka kakhulu.

Indlovukazi ucele ukuyichaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela ukulwa iphutha. Hhu, ndawonye nabantu nabasizi bakhe banquma kabusha empini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ibhodi, imakwe yezinyoni wafaka imifanekiso yakhe esibonisa yizilwi. Ukumelana amabutho ibekwe ezinhlangothini ezihlukene futhi ibekwe imigqa elihamba, abagibela amahhashi elihamba futhi. Esikhathini irowu phakathi phakathi wema isikhulu, olandelayo - umelekeleli yakhe yempi, kulandele ezimbili izibalo zezindlovu, amakamela, amahhashi nezinyoni rukh. Ukuhambisa izibalo ezahlukene, isikhulu yabonisa unina ukuthi impi zenzeka.

Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi lo lasendulo chessboard kwadingeka amaseli 100, nomumo kuso wema obuthathu.

Le nganekwane edume kakhulu mayelana chess nokusanhlamvu

Lokhu legend lisitshela ngendlela umsunguli we umdlalo we-chess Brahmin yinkosi wakhohlisa.

Ngelinye ilanga Brahmin, ohlala eNdiya yasungulwa chess, abonisa indlela ukudlala enkosini ekubusa yena wakuthanda kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi inkosi wanquma efeza zonke isifiso. Khona-ke Brahmin bacela okusanhlamvu, nalelo wathi, abaningi cha buza. Kuyinto kudingekile kuphela ukuze cell yokuqala ukubeka omunye okusanhlamvu, amabili ngosuku lwesibili, ezine olwesithathu, owesine abayisishagalombili ngamunye cell olandelayo kabili isibalo nangangesihlabathi iseli odlule.

Inkosi yasamukela isicelo, kodwa lapho eqala okugcwalisa izithembiso zakhe, okusanhlamvu sombuso wakhe kwa-, futhi ngaphambi kokuphela ibhodi kwakusenabakhulekeli eziningi amaseli. Ngakho thina wamthethisa wamkhohlisa yinkosi.

umdlalo chaturanga

Njengoba okwazalelwa kuyo chess - India, ngukhokho yesimanje chess game kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso chaturanga umdlalo. Igama libhekisela khona izingxenye ezine: elihamba, abakhwele amahhashi, izindlovu, izinqola. Lo mdlalo kufanele kube ezine. IBhodi ehlanganisa 64 izikwele, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 4 futhi ngamunye kubo ukubeka: 4 pawns, omunye sibalo sendlovu, ihhashi, a rook kanye nenkosi. Umgomo - ukunqoba futhi abhubhise isitha. In the game usebenzisa amadayisi, wamshaya ngalolo kanye nokunyakaza.

Chaturanga kusukela e-Indiya eyenzeka kwamanye amazwe asempumalanga savela ngesikhathi. Amasosha ahlanganisiwe futhi yakhiwa amaqembu amabili, ngalinye elikwazi wathola makhosi amabili. Khona kwasuka omunye wabayishumi yinkosi esikhundleni umeluleki. Hamba sibalo waqala ngokwabo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa dice, inkosi bengenakuwubulala, kuphela ukuze uvimbele ukuhamba kwayo emhlabeni ibhodi.

Ukuguqulwa izibalo

Kukhona, ngokusho legend, ROC ekugcineni yaguqulwa isikebhe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Islam ivimbela okwenza izithombe nezidalwa eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka chess emazweni Arab rukh inyoni kushintshiwe, ke usike amaphiko: uthole amathebhu ezincane ezilula phezulu le quadrangle. Nakhu okwenzeka e inyoni ukuguqulwa rook.

Ngakho, umsuka mdlalo embozwe zinganekwane eziningi futhi inganekwane, into eyodwa kuphela ezithile, ukuthi lapho kwazalelwa chess - India.

Uvele Endulo, umdlalo iye yatha- emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela lempi, selibe eqabulayo lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, logic, ukunakwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo ludinga ukuphikelela ezithile.