Glass - lokho nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani? izakhiwo ingilazi

Ngamunye wethu Ujwayele bethola ingilazi. Kuyini lokhu impahla ethambile esobala, iyiphi wesikole uyazi. Nsuku zonke sibona kuye ku izibuko, amafasitela, ifenisha nezitsha nezinto, kodwa thina bayawazi ke? Indlela ikhiqizwa, okungukuthi nalokho izakhiwo ingilazi?

Kwenzani lokhu izwi kusho

Kukhona okuningi izinto ngemuva ezingasiza kule ndaba. Iyini incazelo yegama elithi "ingilazi" ingenye imithombo ethandwa kakhulu? Ozhegova Dictionary ephawula yalolu ketshezi njengendlela material okuqinile wenza kusuka isihlabathi asebenza ngebhethri, exutshwe oxides of izinsimbi ezithile. Ngisho yencazelo kunikeza umqondo wokuthi imodi zokukhiqiza impahla. Kodwa kule ndaba kufanele izoya kamuva.

Ngokuqinisekile, wonke ejwayele ingilazi - le nto esobala. Kodwa uqaphele - Dictionary Ozhegova kwenza lokhu ukucaciseleka. Glass kungaba hhayi kuphela esobala, kodwa futhi ezinemibala noma Frosted. Kodwa ukwakheka kwento Kulokhu kuyahluka insignificantly.

Okwenza ingilazi

Standard ingilazi Ukwakheka inhlanganisela okumsulwa asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, lime soda. Ukushintsha izakhiwo impahla ingasetshenziswa izithasiselo ehlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, i-main abamelwe ingxenye ncamashi ahlanzekile emfuleni isihlabathi. senani imayelana 75% ingxube Imininingwane. Soda kunciphisa lokushisa ukuncibilika isihlabathi cishe 2 izikhathi. Lime ivikela ingilazi kusukela nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali kakhulu, kodwa kuphinde kungeze amandla futhi kukhanye.

ukungcola engeziwe:

• Manganese. It is ukungezwa ingilazi ukukhiqiza umthunzi oluthile oluhlaza. nickel noma chromium ingasetshenziswa ukuthola eminye imibala.
• ingilazi Lead unika bukhanye xaxa futhi ukukhala ehlukile. Material etholwe ukubanda uma uyithinta. Glass nge admixture umthofu ngokuthi crystal.
• Oxide boric acid futhi odlulisela isicwebezelisi eyengeziwe kanye obala indaba, kanjalo sinciphise ezishisayo ukunwetshwa Coefficient imikhiqizo.

Umlando ukukhiqizwa ingilazi

Ngisho 6000 edlule, abantu bakwazi ukwakha le nto enhle ethambile. Yiqiniso, libonakala uhlukile ingilazi zanamuhla, njengoba eGibhithe lasendulo nalapho eMesophothamiya sasingenayo imishini eliphezulu yokuhlanza isihlabathi kanye namanye amathuluzi. Noma kunjalo, ukukhiqizwa ingilazi waqala khona. Ngenxa ukumelana amathonya kwemvelo, le nto wanika mlando umqondo isiko futhi amathuba technical izizwe eziningi zasendulo.

ERussia, owokuqala ingilazi yokukhiqiza isitshalo uvele 1636. Laliqhele esingekude neMoscow. Kube zadalwa tableware futhi iwindi ingilazi. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwalesi legatsha umkhakha ziqala uPetru I.

Kuphela ngo-1859, lo mshini kuyinto futha ephezulu ingcindezi uvunyelwe ukudala iwindi ngaphandle ingilazi izimpimpi. Lokhu kakhulu lula ukwenziwa. Futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, i impahla ezithakazelisayo we indaba watholakala - uma umkhiqizo osuphelile uyabaselwa lokushisa ethile, izakhiwo mechanical ingilazi kuzokwanda 400%.

ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

Ubuchwepheshe wangenela kude phambili, okuyinto uvunyelwe ukudala izinto eziningi ezinkulu futhi ne okungenani abantu amandla izindleko. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi ezine-standard ezimisiwe ubuchwepheshe kudala ingilazi. Kuyini a impahla yesimanje wenza kusukela oncibilikisiwe quartzite isihlabathi, funda yazi nge ubuchwepheshe. Njengoba isibonelo sithatha material ishidi.

ukukhiqizwa Glass ngezigaba:

1. Zonke izithako ezidingekayo abasindwayo phakathi kwesithando somlilo futhi ukufuthelana lize yakha mass ketshezi homogeneous.
2. Encwadini homogenizer ekhethekile, lokhu ingxubevange enyakaza kuze iyunifomu.
3. Ungqimba kwaphumela elachithwa esitsheni flat, phansi okuyinto tin esibunjiweyo. Kukhona ingilazi isakazwa ukwakha ungqimba iyunifomu mncane.
4. Indaba selehlile futhi eqina ithunyelwe elihambayo. Kube labetibambile ukulawula ingilazi ukujiya kanye ahlabayo. Indaba ayigunyaziwe, nezingxenye engaphelele ngeke ukuhanjiselwa smelter.
5. Ikhishwa ukulawula izinga odlule, ngemuva kwalokho ingilazi ingena ishede imikhiqizo isiqedile.

izinhlobo ingilazi

Okwamanje, le nto ingenye ezivame kakhulu. Akumangazi ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ingilazi, leyehlukile kokubili ababukeka izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Crystal ingilazi. Lokhu kwaziswa equkethe abaholayo ngezithako zawo. Mayelana naye sakhuluma ngenhla.
2. ingilazi Quartz. Iqukethe ingxenye isihlabathi ahlanzekile, ngakho-ke okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uyakwazi ukumelana lokushisa kuzuba, ngakho isetshenziselwa ukwakha amathuluzi okubona, laboratory glassware namawindi.
3. Foam ingilazi. izinto zokwakha Esilula, angasetshenziswa kokubili aliqede, futhi ukuze kwakhiwe izindonga naphansi. Uqukethe ingxenye inombolo enkulu voids, ngaleyo ndlela likwazi okusezingeni eliphezulu ezishisayo kanye umsindo ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo.
4. uvolo Glass. Volumetric impahla emoyeni ehlanganisa ngentambo mncane futhi enamandla kakhulu. A ukumelana nomlilo, ngakho isetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kodwa futhi ekuhlanganiseni izicishamlilo bese welders.

Ukusetshenziswa ingilazi

Kuye izakhiwo kanye ukubukeka le nto ingatholakala cishe kunoma uluphi uhlelo lokusebenza. Umthengi eyinhloko ekhiqizwa ingilazi isikhathi sethu - embonini yezokwakha. Isebenzisa ezingaphezu kwesigamu okokusebenza ekhiqizwa. Ukhetho lwakhe kungaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene - odongeni ambozwe, elicwebezelayo, akha izindonga izitini eziyize, ukwahlukanisa, njll Ukuze embonini yezokwakha akunakubangelwa, futhi namabala ingilazi. Kuyini ewindini Gothic, cishe bonke bazi. Njengomthetho, it is ngaphakathi inqwaba ezinemibala ingilazi izicucu. Esikhathini sethu, emawindini engilazi apendiwe awalulahlanga ukuqondana abo futhi asetshenziswa kokubili ukwakhiwa kanye enkulu ekwakhekeni ifenisha.

Ibe isilandelwa in ukuthandwa kukhona ingilazi iziqukathi izinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Kancane kancane wenza izitsha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umkhakha chemical ingilazi kuyinto impahla esisemqoka ngoba olumelana amakhemikhali kakhulu.

izakhiwo

Njenganoma iyiphi enye impahla, ingilazi enezinto eziningi izimfanelo odinga ukukwazi ngaphambi ukuyisebenzisa endaweni ethile.

1. Ubuningi. Ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu ukwakheka ngxube indlela enza. Inani iwindi ukuminyana kungaba isukela 220 kuya 650 kg / m ^3.
2. Fragility. Lesi sici yinkulumo ingilazi kuletse isicelo yayo emkhakheni wokwakha. Okwamanje, ososayensi Alloys ebudisi ikhulisa amandla material.
3. ukuzinza Thermal. ingilazi Ordinary ongakwazi ukumelana namazinga okubanda afinyelela ku-90 ° ^C. Ngemva ukwelashwa, izakhiwo ezishisayo we ezibonakalayo zanda kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi zezimboni uyakwazi okushisa withstanding phezu 200 ° ^C.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Safunda okuningi mayelana ingilazi - kwalokho okukhiqizwa nalokho izakhiwo. Sekuyisikhathi digress kancane bese uthole amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngalokhu izinto ezivame kakhulu. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi:

• Izinga ufa esiphelweni ku ingilazi ephukile kuyinto 4828 km / h.
• Isikhathi nokucekelwa phansi impahla imayelana kuphela ngemva kweminyaka eyisigidi.
• I ingilazi kungenziwa remelted izikhathi eziningana ukulahlekelwa oluncane noma abangenalo nhlobo izinga. Kulesi sici, anakho cishe akukho analogue.
• Njengoba ukwaziswa amorphous, ingilazi oncibilikisiwe is eqina ngu Ukupholisa okusheshayo. Ukuze ukuthi izimo ekhethekile edingekayo.

Glass akusilo ize ngakho kabanzi ukwakhiwa kanye nakwezinye izici zokuphila komuntu. Ngokuqinisekile eside ahlale yezinto ethandwa kakhulu. Ukweseka lokhu kugomela, ethi amandla, ukuqina kanye kalula isihlobo womshini ingilazi, exhunywe ne yokuthi yezingxenye ukudala ke zikhona emhlabeni ngamanani amakhulu.