Goddess laseGibhithe: amagama, izithombe. I onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi waseGibhithe lasendulo: uhlu

Ukuze wonke labantu lasendulo wagcwala imfihlakalo. Okunengi eziyizungezile, waqonda njengoba engaziwa futhi okwesabisayo. onkulunkulu bamanga baseGibhithe lasendulo babekhona abantu yemvelo kanye ngamandla angaphezu kwemvelo nezidalwa ezisiza ukuqonda okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke.

Kela onkulunkulu baseGibhithe

Izinkolelo e onkulunkulu ngemva kokufa babekwa ngempucuko yasendulo waseGibithe esiqalweni, futhi amalungelo oFaro esekelwe imvelaphi yabo saphezulu. onkulunkulu baseGibithe uhlalwe onkulunkulu bamanga anamandla angaphezu kwemvelo ngawo basiza amakholwa futhi abavikele. Kodwa onkulunkulu babeseduze ngaso sonke isikhathi eziwusizo, Ngakho-ke, ukuze bathole umusa wabo, kudingeka umkhuleko hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene iminikelo.

Izazi-mlando Ningonkulunkulu engaphezu kwemibili ayizinkulungwane ababaziwa baseGibhithe lasendulo. Onkulunkulu main nonkulunkulukazi waseGibhithe lasendulo, bakhuleka kulo lonke elakwa umbuso ngokuncane kwekhulu amagama. Phumula bakhuleka kuphela kwezinye izizwe futhi izifunda. inkolo kazwelonke, okuyinto eye yaba kuncike izinguquko eziningi sidaliwe ukuthuthukiswa impucuko yasendulo yaseGibithe namasiko. I onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi laseGibhithe ngokuvamile washintsha isimo sabo futhi indawo sabaphathi, kuncike onamandla kwezombusazwe.

izinkolelo kwelizayo

AbaseGibhithe babekholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu inezingxenye esithobayo ngokwenyama nangokomoya. Ngaphezu-Mid-Atlantic Ridge (umzimba) indoda has ngokuyisisekelo shu (isithunzi noma obubi umphefumulo), ba (umphefumulo), Ka (amandla okuphila). Ngemva kokufa umoya ebugqilini umzimba futhi aqhubeka khona, kodwa ukuthi kwaba izinsalela ngokomzimba kudingekile noma esikhundleni (isib esifanekisweni) - njengoba ikhaya laphakade.

Umgomo oyinhloko umufi yokuhlanganisa ka yakhe futhi ba lokuba omunye 'wambusisa efile ", abahlala ngembazo (ifomu ezingokomoya). Ukuze lokho kwenzeke, kwadingeka umufi ukuvuma uyakufanelekela enkantolo, lapho inhliziyo yakhe kuhlaziywe ngokumelene "feather lweqiniso." Uma onkulunkulu okukholelwa efile Uyakufanelekela, akwazi ukuqhubeka khona emhlabeni ngefomu umoya. Futhi ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi okushiwo BA kwadingeka kuphela onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi laseGibhithe. Ngokwesibonelo, Ra Ephakeme wayevele eziyisikhombisa ba, kodwa kamuva abapristi sinqume ukuthi wonke umuntu kule inhlangano, kanjalo ebonisa ukuthi isondele kakhulu onkulunkulu.

No kancane ezithakazelisayo enhliziyweni, hhayi ubuchopho, ayebhekwa esihlalweni nemicabango kanye nemizwelo, ngakho-ke kungaba enkantolo ukuba ethule ubufakazi noma ngokumelene oshonile.

Inqubo yokukhulekela

Onkulunkulu abakhulekelwa emathempelini kuphethwe abapristi wenzela ukuthi lo faro. Esikhathini iThempeli kuyinto nesithombe sikankulunkulu noma unkulunkulukazi iGibhithe, okungathi sanikezelwa ihlelo. Amathempeli kwakungafanele izindawo zokukhulekela obala noma inhlangano. Ngokuvamile, ukufinyelela samuntu kukankulunkulu umkhuba yokukhulekela iye behlukene nezwe futhi itholakala kuphela abefundisi. ngesikhathi abanye imikhosi kuphela esifanekisweni kaNkulunkulu wakhuthazelela kuso ukuze akhulekele eningini.

izakhamuzi ezivamile bangakhulekela onkulunkulu nezithombe nemifanekiso yabo nezigqizo ekhaya, zinikeza isivikelo kusuka amabutho esiphithiphithini. Ngoba ngemva indima lo faro okusha koMbuso inkulumo kolunye ezinkulu ezingokomoya uyekwa imikhuba yenkolo ziye elivulela yokukhulekela eqondile wonkulunkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, abapristi uhlelo netangoma ukuxhumana intando yonkulunkulu ngqo amakholwa.

ukubukeka

Iningi onkulunkulu baseGibhithe ngomzimba wenyama, njengoba umthetho, kuba inhlanganisela abantu nezilwane, eziningi zazo ziye zihlotshaniswa nomhlobo owodwa noma ngaphezulu isilwane.

Kukholakala ukuthi isimo lapho wahlala onkulunkulu noma unkulunkulukazi Egypt, encike ngqo kwi isithombe isilwane, futhi uhamba ngokubukeka kwabo. An ubuNkulunkulu uthukuthele ufanekiselwe nanjengengonyamakazi abanolaka ukahle yasezulwini lingase libukeke i cat obathandayo.

Ukuze agcizelele isimo futhi amandla onkulunkulu, bayiswa ukumela nomzimba womuntu futhi i ikhanda isilwane, noma okuphambene nalokho. Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela esetshenziswa ukuze ubonise amandla kaFaro, yayingase ibizwe kuvezwa nge alingana nekhanda lomuntu nomzimba wesilwane, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-the Sphinx.

konkulunkulu abaningi babe kuphela isimo somuntu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona izibalo ezifana lonkulunkulu basendulo kakhulu cosmogonic nonkulunkulukazi laseGibhithe: Air - Shu, umhlaba - Geb, isibhakabhaka - Nut, wenzalo - min futhi Ptah ingcweti.

Kunezindlela eziningana onkulunkulu ezincane, eyathwala amafomu elibi, kuhlanganise Amat unkulunkulukazi, abashwabadela efile. umfanekiso wakhe iyingxenye ingwenya, ibhubesi imvubu.

nonkulunkulu babantwana bakwa-Ennead

Ezinganekwaneni zaseGibithe, kukhona onkulunkulu ayisishiyagalolunye ezinkulu solar, aziwa ngokuthi i-Ennead. Lapho kwazalelwa khona omkhulu Nine Waphezulu Heliopolis endaweni kwelanga, lapho kwakukhona khona isikhungo sokukhulekela unkulunkulu ophakeme Atum (Amun, u-Amoni Ra, Ptah) futhi abanye onkulunkulu ezinkulu ephathelene nayo. Ngakho, were main nonkulunkulukazi lwamagama Egypt: Amun, Geb, Nut, u-Isis, u-Osiris, Shu, Tefnut, Nephthys, uSeti.

UMahluleli ophakeme unkulunkulu waseGibhithe lasendulo

Atum - pervotvoreniya unkulunkulu, owadala yena aphume kaNuni, izinxushunxushu eyinhloko ngandlela-thile likwazi ukuxhumana nomndeni bonke onkulunkulu ezinkulu eGibhithe lasendulo. EThebes umdali kunkulunkulu u-Amun sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi, noma u-Amoni-Ra, ngubani, ngokuthi uZeyusi e zamaGreki, wayengunkulunkulu ophakeme, inkosi zonke onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi. Liphinde kubhekwe uyise oFaro.

Ifomu lensikazi Amun kuyinto amunet. "Theban Triad" - Amun futhi Mut, kanye nenzalo yabo Hounsou (Moon Nkulunkulu) - bakhuleka eGibhithe lasendulo nangale. U-Amoni wayeneminyaka unkulunkulu oyinhloko eThebes, emandleni akhe kwakhula njengoba emzini eThebes Avuka edolobhaneni embusweni ubudala ibe muzi onamandla Ephakathi futhi Imibuso okusha. Wavuka babe engumxhasi oFaro Theban, futhi ekugcineni waba e indima nonkulunkulu welanga uRa, lonkulunkulu evelele yombuso wasendulo.

Amen kusho "efihliwe, amafomu eziyimfihlakalo." Wayevame wavela njengoMesiya indoda e ingubo umqhele ngezimpaphe double, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi unkulunkulu ophakeme ufanekiselwa inqama noma ihansi. Babesikisela ukuthi okushiwo uNkulunkulu weqiniso alukwazi. Ihlelo lika-Amun sandile kude lé nemingcele eGibhithe, yena wayekhulekelwa eTopiya, eNubia, Libya futhi izingxenye Palestine. AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi u-Amoni waseGibhithe siwukubonakaliswa unkulunkulu uZeyusi. Ngisho Aleksandr Makedonsky ubone kufaneleka ukuba ahlole usho Amun.

AmaFanktjhini ne amagama alabo nkulunkulu eyinhloko Ancient Egypt

Ngakho-ke ngeso lengqondo uhlu encane onkulunkulu main.

• Shu - Tefnut oshadile onezingane Geb futhi Nut. Yena nomkakhe were lokuqala, adalwe Atum. Shu kwaba unkulunkulu umoya nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokuvamile ufanekiselwe indoda egqoke umnqwazo ngesimo iluphu. Shu umsebenzi kwaba ukugcina umzimba unkulunkulukazi Nut, zihlukanise esibhakabhakeni emhlabeni. Shu kwakungelona unkulunkulu welanga, kodwa indima selangeni ikhombe yena nonkulunkulu Ra.
• Geb - uyise ka-Osiris, u-Isis, uSeti futhi Nephthys. Wayekhona uxhumano njalo unkulunkulukazi Nut nje abazange ukwabelana Shu. Njengobe angunkulunkulu umhlaba, yena waba ezihlobene okuzala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba - ke ngayo iGebha uhleko.
• Osiris - indodana Geb futhi Nut. Engangibakhulekela njengonkulunkulu wezwe lemimoya. Nge isikhumba oluhlaza - uphawu sokuvuselela nokukhula - Osiris wayebuye unkulunkulu nomvikeli izimila namabhange evundile iNayile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi u-Osiris wabulawa umfowabo uSeti, ekuphileni (i lokukhulelwa indodana noHorus) nomkakhe babuyela Isis.
• USeti - unkulunkulu kweziphepho ogwadule, futhi kamuva sasihlotshaniswa isiphithiphithi ebumnyameni. Yena ivezwe njengabantu umuntu lenja nge empumulweni eside, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lapho isithombe sakhe njengoba ingulube, ingwenya, imvubu noma emqosela umuntu. USeti ingenye izinhlamvu ehola kwilejendi unkulunkulukazi u-Isis kanye Osiris. Ngenxa yalokho ukuthandwa elikhulayo yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi u-Osiris, uSeti phathelana idemoni, nezithombe zakhe zisusiwe kusukela amasonto. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, kwezinye izingxenye waseGibhithe lasendulo namanje akhonzwa omunye onkulunkulu main.

umama unkulunkulukazi

Inhloko onkulunkulu baseGibithe female umama unkulunkulukazi, njengomvikeli umswakama nokufudumala Tefnut. Shu nomfazi wokuqala unkulunkulukazi, adalwe Atum, in the izinganekwane ukubizwa ngokuthi indodakazi futhi iso Ra. Kamuva saba ngaphansi ukubizwa Mut, umka-Amun unina Khonsu, wayengomunye walaba nonkulunkulukazi main Theban. Ohlonishwa njengomholi umama omkhulu saphezulu. Mut ngokuvamile uvezwa njengomyeni owesifazane umqhele ezimhlophe futhi zibomvu. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona izithombe ekhanda lakhe noma umzimba entanyeni, kanye ngesimo inkomo, ngoba esikhathini kamuva, ihlanganiswe ne Hathor, omunye umama omkhulu Waphezulu, ngokuvamile uchazwa ngokuthi owesifazane ngezimpondo inkomazi.

AmaFanktjhini ne amagama nonkulunkulukazi waseGibhithe lasendulo

Manje zicabange uhlu zesifazane incarnation saphezulu.

• Chickpeas - unkulunkulukazi esibhakabhakeni, unina u-Osiris, u-Isis, uSeti futhi Nephthys, unkosikazi nodadewabo hebe. Ngokuvamile ubonakaliswa isimo sengqondo esinjengomuntu, umzimba wayo side lifanekisela esibhakabhakeni. Njengengxenye ihlelo lemimoya loMbonisi wemiphefumulo, it is livame ukuveza ku ophahleni zamathempeli, amathuna futhi sarcophagi ngaphakathi the lid. Futhi kuze kube namuhla phezu amagugu asendulo kungabonwa isithombe lonkulunkulukazi laseGibhithe. Izithombe frescos lasendulo Insinjana Geb sibonisa umbono yaseGibhithe lasendulo mayelana nokwakheka kwendawo yonke.

• Isis - unkulunkulukazi umama kanye nenzalo, nomvikeli izingane abacindezeli, unina kankulunkulu noHorus, umfazi udadewabo u-Osiris. Lapho umyeni wakhe amthandayo wabulawa umfowabo uSeti, yena eqoqwe izingxenye ahlahlelwe izicubu zakhe wajoyina armbands zabo, uvuselela u-Osiris, futhi ngaleyo ndlela obeka isisekelo umkhuba waseGibithe lasendulo mummification abathandekayo babo. Osiris ukubuyela ekuphileni, u-Isis uye bafaka umqondo lovuko, okuyinto kwaba nethonya elikhulu ku-ezinye izinkolo, kuhlanganise ubuKristu. Isis uchazwa ngokuthi Owesifazane uphethe ngesandla sakhe lo Ankh (ezibalulekile ekuphileni), ngezinye izikhathi emzimbeni womuntu wesifazane bese ikhanda inkomazi noma umqhele ezimpondweni ze inkomo.

• Nephthys, noma Nkosikazi sezindela komhlaba - udadewabo u-Osiris yesibili, ingane encane ka umndeni waphezulu Geb futhi Nut, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi ukufa, noma umgcini zale miqulu. Kamuva yena ukubizwa unkulunkulukazi Seshat, umvikeli koFaro, ogama umsebenzi ukuvikela zomlando zasebukhosini ukunquma ubude wokubusa oFaro. Twilight isikhathi kubhekwa unkulunkulukazi, abaseGibhithe babekholelwa ukuthi Nephthys zintanta esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, futhi u-Isis - osukwini isikebhe. Bobabili nonkulunkulukazi akhonzwa nomvikeli abantu abafile, ngakho luvamise njengoba ukhozi noma abesifazane ezinamaphiko e zamathempeli, amathuna futhi sarcophagi zamabhodlela. Nephthys uqeda uhlu "unkulunkulukazi oyinhloko eGibhithe." Uhlu Ungaqhubeka okungenani ihlonishwe.

unkulunkulukazi Inamandla laseGibhithe

• Sekhmet - unkulunkulukazi impi nokuphulukiswa, engumxhasi oFaro futhi unompempe ehholo wenkantolo yase-Osiris. Ufanekiselwe nanjengengonyamakazi.
• Bastet - unkulunkulukazi abakhulekelwa Umama ongumGibhithe. Ivamise ukuboniswa njengoba ikati amazinyane imvelo. Ukuze ikhono ngolaka ukuvikela izingane zabo, lowo wesifazane wayebhekwa omunye nonkulunkulukazi ababa nonya kakhulu futhi ebulalayo.

• Maat kwaba samuntu unkulunkulukazi iqiniso, ukuziphatha, ubulungiswa kanye oda. Yayimelela Ukuvumelana yonke futhi Kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho esiphithiphithini. Ngakho-ke, umhlanganyeli ezinkulu emcimbini we enesisindo wenhliziyo ehholo ngemva kokufa inkantolo. Ngokuvamile ifanekiselwa owesifazane nge feather nentshe ekhanda.
• Uto, noma Butoh - umhlengikazi kankulunkulu noHorus. Kwezikamoya futhi ohlonishwa njengomholi umvikeli futhi engumxhasi oFaro eziphilayo. Butoh wayehlale elungele ukugadla ngasiphi isitha ezingaba kaFaro, ngakho ifanekiselwa cobra, entwine inhlamvu yelanga (uraeus), futhi ngokuvamile kufakwe Umqhele Amagugu laseGibhithe, njengoba iwuphawu ubukhosi.
• Hathor - unkulunkulukazi umama kanye nenzalo, engumxhasi wezobuciko emihle, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ukhukhuva izulu nomhlaba kanye eHayidese. Vysokopochitaemaya unkulunkulukazi nabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Lubonakala njengomvikeli ohlakaniphile, onomusa futhi emnene of wabaphilayo nabafileyo. Hathor uvame ifanekiselwa owesifazane ngezimpondo inkomo kanye uraeus ekhanda lakhe.

Lezi unkulunkulu zesifazane lasendulo kakhulu ohlonishwayo ngabantu. Ukwazi kanjani nonkulunkulukazi ngokuthi eGibhithe, ubuntu babo kanzima nesivinini lwalesi sibhicongo, abaseGibhithe sikhexe futhi horror imithandazo hlabelela amagama abo.