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Hans Selye: Biography, umnikelo isayensi. Izincwadi ezibhaliwe Gansom Kheth

Hans Selye bayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba njengoba umdali inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukucindezeleka. Izincwadi zakhe kukhona namanje ethandwa kakhulu. Bakhombe izazi eminingi ehlonishwayo nomagazini ethandwa. Sikunikeza indlela ukulandelela ukuphila kwalesi umcwaningi oluvelele.

abazali Hans

Hans Selye wazalelwa e Vienna ngo-January 26, 1907. Uyise wayengumGreki Hungarian, udokotela wamasosha, njengoba ayephethe umtholampilo kuhlinzwa yangasese emzini Komarno (Slovakia). Ngiseyingane, iqhawe zethu akukwenzi ukuphumula kunina, wafundiswa futhi owesifazane kunalokho ome njengeqanda. Maria Felicita (ngakho wambiza) ophoqelelwe indodana yakhe ukukhuluma nomndeni wakhe ngezilimi ezine. Yena kalula bafunda isiJalimane kanye Hungarian. Esokuqala kwaba umama ukuba unina, kanti eyesibili - ngoyise. Ukuze ukufundisa IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi abehora umphathi.

ulimi Learning

Ikusasa UProfesa Selye Yiqiniso, akungabazeki ukuthi yokuthi unina kwadingeka izinhloso engcono ekuseni ungumhloli indodana yakhe lolimi French. Nokho, lolu cwaningo uholé yokuthi ngesikhathi impilo Hans futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izilimi ezine njengoba unina wabo. Ngezinye izikhathi ekuseni, wafikelwa eziningi ukucindezeleka, ngoba wayengayiqondi ngaleso sikhathi ngumuphi kubo ongathiwa ukukhuluma. By the way, ukucindezeleka wakwazi ukuzwa kanye kuphela wazichaza. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba (cishe bengazi) Hans wayeshade kabili.

abafazi amabili Hans Selye

Umkakhe wokuqala kwaba indodakazi magnate amalahle. Ngokusobala, wayezizwa Hans ezizwa engaphilile evulekile, ngoba ngokuvamile umyeni wakhe walahlekelwa wocwaningo inyuvesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, waba khona njalo unganelisekile Gansom Sele. Lapho sebethole nengane, unkosikazi wafaka isicelo sesehlukaniso. Waze wakwazi ukugumbuqela igama likayise indodakazi yakhe uCatherine. Ngenxa yalokhu, Hans wathukuthela kakhulu. Akazange uphathe ukuba babhekane nalesi sifo, imbangela okuyinto kwaba ukuthi indodakazi yakhe kugwenywe. Kodwa ukugula uKatherine uyise ngasizathu simbe, hhayi ngofuzo. Useke wahambela emhlabeni wonke futhi kungaba ukuthumela izincwadi uyazigqaja ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

Gabriel, umka usosayensi yesibili, wamzalela izingane ezine. Nokho, kulesi simo, isidingo sokuba umuntu afunde konke Selye yabo alethwe esimweni ukwesaba. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-28 yokuphila kwakhe nomkakhe kanye, yebo, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, Hans wanquma ukuba ahlukane naso.

Ezinye izimbangela zokucindezeleka

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Gansom Sele yingcweti futhi ezinye izimbangela zokucindezeleka. Ngokwesibonelo, wayengeke ukunquma ngokunembile ubuzwe babo. Hans wachitha esengumntwana nangesikhathi usakhula edolobheni Komarno, elise-Austria-Hungary. Ngemva kokuwa isimo, indawo leli dolobha eCzechoslovakia. Selye wanikezwa ipasipoti yaleli zwe. Ikhumbula ukudideka yolimi kwaba in ekhanda lami, Hans, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umthombo wokucindezeleka oluqinile lesi simo ngaye. Kodwa ngisho nokubi kakhulu ngoba iqhawe lethu kwaba, mhlawumbe, lokuthi konke ukuphila kwakhe asikwazanga ukuthola nendawo ababengaqhubela ziphile futhi zisebenze.

isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa

Hans Selye libhaliswe ku-University of ePrague, Faculty of Medicine, lapho afundela khona kusukela ngo-1924. Nokho, emtholampilo inyuvesi babengekho izimo ukuba afeze ucwaningo sendlela umzimba iphendula ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Okungukuthi lokhu emkhakheni wezokwelapha iye abanesifiso ngesikhathi umfundi. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-2, Hans wanquma ukudlulisela University of Paris. Nazi izimo ezidingekile umsebenzi, kodwa usosayensi akuyona ubuhlobo osolwazi wendawo - kwadingeka abuyele ePrague.

nokufundisa

Hans Selye ngo-1931 ekugcineni efika degree lakhe lezempilo. Waba udokotela wesayensi yamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Hans wathola umfundaze Rockefeller. manje ikwazi ukwenza izifundo zabo izikhungo imfundo engcono kakhulu-US kanye asikho isidingo sokuthi bakhathazeke mayelana nemali. Selye waya ukufundisa e-University of Baltimore. Lapha ayenakho nobuhlobo obuhle abafundi kanye nozakwabo. Noma kunjalo, ukushaqeka isiko udokotela yena baqhubeka akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo.

Kamuva Uprofesa wakhumbula ukuthi bamcasula kuye kunazo zonke izinhlangano, owahlela nabafazi osolwazi "abampofu abafundi kancane bezinye izizwe." Hans wayengakwazi ukubabulala izimemo kwalezi zenzakalo, kanye ukucindezeleka babangela. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3, waqala ukusebenza ngo-City of Montreal University.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kwakukhona zonke izimo osolwazi enjalo sezinzwa, kuhlanganise yakhe yokucwaninga siqu. Nokho Selye baphinde ukucasuka nokukhathazeka ezazibonakala akunasisekelo. Phakathi ukuqwasha, wadabula esidlule yakhe futhi sizama ukuqonda izinkolelo, ngenxa ukuthi abangani bakhe ababesesimweni esifanayo, nalo, liziphathe ngomoya ophansi futhi njalo uHans panics. Selye isinqumo ukuze bayihlole le e izinga lamakhemikhali. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, ngathola ubufakazi lokuqala inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukucindezeleka nama- Sele usosayensi okhetheke khulu.

Ukucindezeleka - kokuvula G.Selje

Ngo-1936 usosayensi eshicilelwe Isihloko sakhe sokuqala lapho esebenzelana nama-mkhuba isithakazelo kuye. Emibuthanweni zezemfundo, kokusungulwa eyenziwe Gansom Sele, kwanqunywa ukuba bajabule. Kusobala ukuthi ayengemaningi nezinye abacwaningi baye bazama ukuchaza umuzwa wokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka bakhuthazelele. Kodwa akekho owaba nesibindi ukuze ibanike 'uzekwayo kangaka, ingasaphathwa Eqinisweni, ukuqapha imiphumela ku amazinga ama-hormone zonke izinhlobo nezinkinga empilweni. Kwaba Hans Selye kuqala wabona isixhumanisi phakathi kokukhathazeka futhi ube nomuzwa okwenzekayo kuleli qophelo emzimbeni womuntu. Njengoba wazi, ulimi lwesiNgisi anakho, ngakho sithathe definition ledzingekako ukucindezeleka (ukuhumusha kusuka kulolu limi - "ukucindezeleka"), kungcono akunandaba ngempela. Leli gama eyenziwe Hans-eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuhlolwa emagundaneni

I ucwaningo, eyayiqhutshwa Gansom Sele e-University of Montreal, zazidilivwa kubo, bona nje kuphela kodwa futhi emagundaneni. Badale kwezimo ezinzima eziphilayo. Ngaphandle ngisho nokwazi, lezi zilwane ayelinike umuntu kuwubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi ukucindezeleka likhona. Ngo-rat igazi ngalesi sikhathi nekuchazwa adrenalin - "hormone yokucindezeleka" (njengoba wawubizwa ngokuthi Sele Gansom). Ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi lezi zinto ezilandelayo kulwenze buthaka umuzwa - okuhlangenwe nakho ekuphileni, ukuzinza ngokomzwelo womuntu noma abantu abathize, kanye ufuzo, ibonisa ukuthi yileyo ndlela okhokho indoda ukuba baziphathe ezimweni ezinzima.

ucwaningo okwengeziwe okuvezwa yile Sele Gansom, bafakazela ukuthi ukucindezeleka - imbangela yezifo eziningi, ezifana nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, isifuba somoya kanye nesifo senhliziyo. It kuhambisana ukukhishwa kwama-hormone in inqwaba, e-adrenaline ethile. Lezi kanye nezinye okutholakele ezithakazelisayo weza Hans Selye. Nokho, ngenxa yezingcindezi zokuphila, waqhubeka ehlushwa kusukela ajwayelekile kakhulu.

Inkosikazi entsha Hans

ukuqashelwa Scientific, owawungumnyaka Usosayensi othile lapho ihlawulelwa akuphumelelanga empilweni yakho. Nokho, manje empilweni yakhe, omunye wesifazane zavela. Louise wenza Hans nemizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Selye ujabule ngisho ngayo, ngoba kwakuwubufakazi bokuthi ukucindezeleka kungabangela imizwa engakhi nje kuphela kodwa futhi omuhle. Louise futhi ophoqelelwe osolwazi ukuzizwa umuzwa onamandla wokuba isehluleki. Yena wayelokhu ezibuza ukuthi umsunguli wakwazi ukunqoba ukucindezeleka ke? Lona wesifazane ngisho ukuphoqa ososayensi sokungabaza kangakanani lokhu ayekutholile. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukucindezeleka, Hans Selye, kwakubonakala, akuhlangene ne noLouise. Ngokwesibonelo, likwazi ukuhlukaniseka kalula ukudla kwasekuseni noma 3-4 amahora ilandelana isikhathi eside ukuya ngaphandle kwemali. inhlokomo Domestic ke cishe weyengenandaba. Ososayensi baye baqala ngisho ukucabanga, "Mhlawumbe rat ungikhohliseleni?"

Louise wayengowesifazane ekwaziyo. Yena lolungenamaphutsa iziqu Sorbonne University (Faculty), kodwa kusukela umsebenzi yesayensi wenqaba ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngenxa yokuthi lingazange liligcine zivumelane izinyanga ezintathu khona ngamaholidi. Nokho, wakujabulela waba ngunobhala yangasese ukuze Selye, ngesicelo sakhe. Louise walithanda oda, kodwa wayengakwazi uzizwa ukhululekile, ngisho lapho yokuhlanza kwenziwa kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

I nakuba iningi kwakuwukuthi Hans Selye ukusakaza engqondweni yakhe. Eceleni kwakhe, wayengumuntu ukhululekile ukuze yakhohlwa ukucindezeleka. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 ukuphola Hans Selye abanquma ukushada owesifazane Kusizuzisa nokunye kuye.

Kuvulwa Institute Zokucindezeleka

Ngo-1950, iqhawe ethu avuleke sikhungo sakhe, yebo, ukucindezeleka. Kodwa manje ukuthi wayefuna ukwazi indlela yokubhekana nayo, hhayi ukusabela umzimba amathonya zangaphandle. Hans babekholelwa ukuthi umkakhe eyomsiza ukuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo obalulekile. Nokho, uLouise ayethanda ukugibela nge Hans ngesithuthuthu noma kwi "Toyota" ubudala. Lounging esihlalweni ngezinyawo zakhe etafuleni ikhofi, yena waklolodelwa ososayensi, ethi kungenzeka kube ukuma engcono okudambisa ukucindezeleka.

Hans Selye: izincwadi futhi eziyisisekelo imiqondo

Nakuba Hans noLouise Sunbathingkuva ophahleni Institute wahloma iinqhema zokuthoma ukucindezeleka, izincwadi zakhe ziye zahunyushelwa ezilimini 17 ezahlukene. Selye uye kwentiwe ezingaphezu kuka 1700 izihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye ebhaliwe amabhuku 39 enikelwe ubunjalo ukucindezeleka. ingane Izintandokazi, okwakwenza Hans Selye - "Ukucindezeleka ngaphandle sosizi." Le ncwadi namanje ethandwa kakhulu. Cishe lokwazi ukuthi uhlobo umqondo ongaqondakali yethulwa kulo msebenzi Hans Selye ( "ukucindezeleka"). Lokhu ukucindezeleka, okuyinto ilimaza umzimba (njengoba kuqhathaniswa eustress ewusizo). Sibangelwa imiphumela isikhathi eside futhi kanzima. imiphumela Eustress efanayo kubangelwa amandla ngokulinganisela. Wayedinga ngisho ukuze ulondoloze impilo, njengoba kuqinisa futhi siqeqesha uhlelo oluhambelana zomzimba womuntu.

Phakathi kwezinye izincwadi ivelele, "Tindzaba kwi jikelele lithathelwe syndrome", "Kusukela Dream nokuvulwa," "Ngo ezingeni wonke umzimba," nabanye. Ngokuqinisekile unesithakazelo Ingenye inkulumo ukuthi isetshenziswa isihloko enye yamakhophi ezincwadi yakhe nama- Sele ( "Ukuzivumelanisa jikelele ") syndrome. Leli cebo iyimpendulo bokuphila yomzimba nezimo ezicindezelayo. It ihlukaniswe yaba 3 izigaba ezilandelayo: alamu, esiphikisayo nokukhathala. Lapho ukucindezeleka okuqhubeka isikhathi eside noma okukhulu, umzimba ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo. Ivele izimpawu nobuntu isigaba sokuqala. Umzimba womuntu ayisakwazi ukubhekana nabo nokuthuthukisa isifo esisemzimbeni ethile (isb, isilonda esiswini). sobala Ngakho lithathelwe syndrome ngu Hans Selye. Ngakho, ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukugula okungathí sina. Lokhu kwaba eningi ngokubhala nama- Sele. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, isibonelo, wayengenye yezihloko isifundo sakhe. Hans Selye ezihlongozwayo neurogenic (imbangela yokucindezeleka) model yayo.

Ingabe Hans yokuthola ikhambi ukucindezeleka?

Usosayensi wafa ngo-1982. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, imfundiso iye wayiqhubekisa Hans Selye. Imiphumela yocwaningo lakhe ishiwo komagazini ethandwa abaningi, kanye izinkulungwane 362. Izihloko Scientific. Nawa nje azinakho wakwazi ukuthola ikhambi ukucindezeleka Gansu. Kuyamangaza-ke yini, ngoba ukuphila kwethu - ingenye ukucindezeleka elikhulu (ukucindezeleka).

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