Harem - kuyini? Umlando namasiko aseMpumalanga

Ezweni kukhona izinto ezimbalwa imihlola ukwaziwa obala, yiqiniso cazelo zazo uhlala umgubuzelo ezifihliwe ekusithekeni esuka kubantu abaningi. Nokho, kunesidalwa esisodwa esingaphezu Ngokwesibonelo, zingakhiqiza harems. Mayelana nabo okungenani kanye empilweni yami wezwa umuntu kodwa uya khona kweqiniso, idivayisi imithetho zokuphila kuzo, bambalwa bayazi. Kodwa cishe wonke umuntu abanesifiso sokwazi "Harem:? Kuyini"

Imininingwane zomlando

Igama elithi "isithembu" ine umlando ezithakazelisayo. ulimi Turkish Ibitshelekiwe kusukela Arabhu, futhi kwafika lwesigodi of Akkad. Kodwa isiphi isizwe limelela into engcwele, imfihlo kanye bavikelekile buka isikhala.

harems Sultan sika njengoba izenzakalo zokuphila yezenhlalakahle East, enemisuka kwabo okude 1365, lapho Sultan Murad Ngakha Isigodlo esihle ukuthi kubonakala amandla amandla bakhe obuphakeme kakhulu. Nokho, isigodlo classic kanye ihlelwe kahle esigodlweni umnotho uvele yoMbuso WaseTurkey ngemva kokunqotshwa waseConstantinople ngu Sultan Mehmed Fatih, ngo-1453. Futhi isidingo ke wasuka yokuthi enolaka nokuthola amandla sultans WaseTurkey yayingekho indawo ukuba athathe abafazi. Lokho indaba wangempela yabesifazana iqala kule nkathi. Wabe esenezela nezancinza kusuka emhlabeni wonke, futhi umyeni esemthethweni ngaso sultans baba ezincane kakhulu.

Ekhulwini xv futhi walotshwa okuqala ebhaliwe yabesifazana. Ngakho-ke singasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kukhona labetibambile isigqila kuphela. Abashade sultans baba indodakazi ababusi yobuKristu emazweni angomakhelwane. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu xv, e 1481, Sultan Bayezid II yaletha isiko ukukhetha phakathi kwabahlali dlo abafazi.

Harem: okuyiqiniso futhi kumnandi amaqiniso

Manje zama siqonde impikiswano "isithembu - kuyini?" Ingabe endaweni ehlala njalo zenkohlakalo ongalawuleki noma iba "esiphezulu jele"?

Harem ngokuthi lavala kwabanye abantu abangewona amalungu womndeni wendlu, lapho kwakuhlala owesifazane, isihlobo sika-Sultan: abodade, abomma. Kwezinye izinkathi zesikhathi yokukhosela wamthola umbusi abazalwane, futhi wahlala lapha abathenwa nezinye izinceku. Lokho abasondelana ngayo izindlu wachaza amaphutha amaningi ezihlobene harems Muslim. Ezinye uwabone castle ocebile, lapho eziningi zamantombazane amahle e zibhekise languid amanga ngasechibini futhi nje baphile nge umqondo zidonse ukunaka kwanoma Sultan nokumthokozisa fantasy yakhe. Ukuze uthole ezinye isigodlo kubonakala horror indawo ugcwala umona, ukungabi nabulungisa, perforce, ukubulawa ezingafanele. Akumangazi ukuthi fancy zihlukene kangaka, ngemva bonke abheka iso okungenani eyodwa yabesifazana empumalanga, ukwambula le imfihlakalo abambalwa abakhethiwe aphumelele.

Namaqiniso isithembu

Ngempela, ukuphila ezikhathini ezahlukene yabesifazana yayigubha. Kwakukhona okubulala nenkohlakalo, kodwa kuwubala uma kuqhathaniswa ukuze yokudakwa, ukuhlela baseYurophu-aristocrats ekhulwini XVIII.

Yebo, kwakunesidingo Sultan Murat III, ngubani wakwazi ukuthola i-izimpilo ingane 112-th. Ungazama sicabange malini yakuthanda isigodlo sakhe kanye sothando.

Kwakukhona izibonelo ukuze ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Ibrahim mina waminza eGulf of cishe 300 Iziboshwa isigodlo sakhe. Kodwa imithi iye kungase kutholakale ukuthi wayengumuntu ngokwengqondo umuntu egula. Kodwa lolu hlobo iziyaluyalu, kubonakala hhayi kuphela sultans Turkish, kodwa futhi abanye ubuntu Russian owaziwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uLieutenant General Izmailov wajeziswa ngokushaya waze washona amahlanu serfs nezancinza.

Eqinisweni, ngisho Sultan kungenzeka kungabi lula ukuya yabesifazana. Okokuqala ayenakho ukwazisa inhloso yayo, nezancinza balungiselela, zikleliswe like amasosha emhlabathini umbukiso. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umenyiwe Sultan, kodwa wonke evakashile ukuthi ngesineke ngokoqobo step by step.

Imikhuba Namasiko wenkantolo mbusi zishintshile kakhulu ekuhambeni kwesikhathi. Ababusi bacindezelwa, kodwa babengesibo alien imiphi imizwa yabantu. Uma e ezinsukwini zakuqala yoMbuso WaseTurkey, kombusi omusha esihlalweni sobukhosi kubafowabo obuleweyo, bese kamuva umusho kamuva sashintshwa saba ukuvalelwa ejele endaweni "yezinyoni osemqoka", okuyinto babé yinto yesikhathi esidlule ekhulwini XIX. Ngo isancinza lelo khulu leminyaka e yabesifazana baqala ukuza noma bebodwa noma balethwa yilabo abamele abantu Caucasian.

Harem futhi isigaba sabaphathi layo langaphakathi

Eqinisweni, ngaphakathi yabesifazana kwakukhona uhlelo esiqinile, okuyinto babeboshelwe kubo bonke abakhileyo kulo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi main Walid - unina Sultan. Kwadingeka ulalele wonke nezancinza - odalik (odalisque), okuyiqembu sultan ayenamandla okukwenza ukukhetha abafazi. Umfazi e yabesifazana ku sabaphathi owelama ngemva Walid uma uJehova wayengeyena nodadewethu bomdabu.

Dzhariye - lena leliphansi kakhulu sabaphathi - isancinza bezikhali Sultan, abaphuma ngokwanele kudlule ukuhlolwa Walid. Uma le ntombazane wakwazi ukuchitha okungenani eyodwa ubusuku ne Sultan, waba gozde (gyuzde), okusho "othandekayo." Uma it jikisa nga intandokazi esenikezwa isimo Iqbal (Iqbal), zazo zikhona e yabesifazana, zazingekho ezingaphezu kuka 15. Lalo "Izinga" kusho intombazane zingathuthukiswa uma kwakunokwenzeka ukuthini ukukhulelwa, bese waba Kadin. Loyo lucky ngokwanele ukuba abe unkosikazi semthethweni, wathola isihloko Kadyny effendi. Laba besifazane baba nelungelo lokuhambela ngesimo amaholo, ezindlini zabo siqu nezigqila.

Izimpilo zabesifazane e yabesifazana

Abesifazane ku yabesifazana kwaba okuningi. Nakuba Islam ovunyelwe abanalo lemine abafazi semthethweni, izancinza, inombolo akugcini. Ekhulwini xv, lapho namasiko alapha ayengafani ezibophayo kakhulu, futhi amantombazane ufike lapha kuvamise kungabi wakhetha zabo siqu, nje ushintshe igama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe ukuba ukuguqula Islam (ngokwale nhloso kwanele ukuyifukula ngomunwe esibhakabhakeni, wathi: "Akukho Nkulunkulu ngaphandle Allah, noMohammed - umprofethi wakhe") futhi balahle zonke izibopho zomkhaya.

Umbono, ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane e yabesifazana usuku lonke languidly elinde Sultan ihlonipha nabo ukunaka kwakhe, unephutha. Eqinisweni, babematasa cishe zonke izinsuku. Nezancinza ulimi Turkish ezifundiswa isigodlo lo mbusi, ukufunda iKoran, ngenalithi, inkantolo etiquette, umculo, ubuciko uthando. Wawuzoba nethuba uphumule bese nijabula ukudlala izinhlobo ezahlukene imidlalo, ngezinye izikhathi, kube nomsindo futhi ephathekayo. Dlo isikhathi ingafaniswa kuvalwe encomekayo izikole ngoba amantombazane, uvele Europe ukubonwa ngekhulu XX.

Nezancinza e dlo Sultan is hhayi nje wafunda. Babe ukuthatha ukuhlolwa, okwakuthatha ngokwayo Valide Sultan. Uma amantombazane babhekana ngokwanele, babekwazi ukubala ku Mnu ukunakwa. Isancinza yabesifazana kwakungelona isiboshwa ngomqondo ogcwele wegama. Emantombazaneni zivamile ukuvakasha, futhi ukusebenza lapha ngokuthi abaculi. Sahlela njengoba imikhosi ehlukahlukene, ngisho nezancinza baphuthunyiswe Bosporus - ride ezikebheni, uthole umoya opholile, uhambe welule izinyawo. Kafushane, ukuphila e yabesifazana lwalunamandla.

Abanye besifazane abangamaRom babesizakala ukhetha isithembu: nenqubo yokukhetha

Abesifazane ku yabesifazana, yebo, ayehlukile idatha ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngokuvamile izigqila got lapha emakethe inceku eneminyaka engu-iminyaka 5-7, futhi bheka, aletha ukhule ngokugcwele emzimbeni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abesifazane Turkish wayengalokothi phakathi nezancinza Sultan.

Girls bekufanele kube smart, njengoba singahambi ngobuqili, ezikhangayo, nge a Imizimba omuhle, inkanuko. Kukholakala ukuthi indima ebalulekile abakhetha ubuhle Sultan wayedlala ubuhle bakhe bangaphandle kodwa isakhiwo futhi ubuhle isitho sakhe sobulili. By the way, kwezinye harems lanamuhla lolu umbandela Ukukhetha esasebenza. Kwakubalulekile kakhulu isancinza esizayo yabesifazana kwakungelona emomozini likhulu kakhulu. Futhi phambi kowesifazane wavunyelwa ukuba balale Sultan sika, Wadlulela kokuxilongwa kanye nokugcinwa amaqanda itshe namanzi emibala, okuyinto akufanele ziye ezichithekile phakathi esiswini ukudansa, esithweni sowesifazane. Lokhu kungase kuchaze lesi khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona yonke unkosikazi noma inkosikazi Sultan waba ukubukeka enhle. Ezinye ubuhle yaheha nabanye izingxenye zomzimba.

A ezahlukene kancane kancane Kwahlelwa isigodlo Arabian nokuphila kwakhe. Okungenani isigodlo Nasser al-Din, Shah Qajar, sithole amandla e-Iran ngo-1848, badiliza bonke ubuhle e eyeqisayo zabesifazane ekhona. Yiqiniso, njengoba besho, ukunambitheka nombala ... Kodwa isigodlo uShah kwaba ngokucacile i amateur. Ukwahlulela kusukela izithombe (bese umbusi wabo kwesokunxele eziningi kusukela yayinesithakazelo Ngokwenza lokhu), owesifazane yena wasithanda emzimbeni. Imithombo okukhulunywa ukuthi ezancinza fed Friend ngamabomu futhi awazange abavumele ukuhambisa ngenkuthalo.

abangu Amashiya wonke amantombazane tho. Kodwa uma uphakamisa umlando imfashini kwekhulu XIX, sikhumbula ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba imfashini, kodwa "baleen" Abesifazane awakaze "ezihamba". A Shah futhi onjalo afana ngazo.

Abathenwa kanye nendima yabo yabesifazana

Nezancinza ngoba Sultan esetshenziswa ngeso lokhozi. Lokhu umsebenzi wawenziwa izigqila ubudala futhi abathenwa ihlolwe. Bobani abathenwa? Lokhu izigqila alethwe ziqhamuka Afrika Ephakathi, Egypt, Abyssinia, okuyinto kamuva wawungabavumeli. Oluthandwayo kulokhu wanika bangamaNigro, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ngenxa nezici zabo ezingokomzimba kahle wayiswa imisebenzi futhi waphila Esegugile, kuyilapho Circassians, kokuba impilo ukuthi siphuka kalula, ngakwazi ukubona kancane wawungabavumeli futhi ngokuvamile yayenga izigceme.

Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinsizwa ahlinzekwa ukhetho zabo siqu behlomula isithembu. Kuyini lokhu? Iphupho lokuba inceku wawungabavumeli? Cha, ngoba weasely nje, ingalandela ngobuqili kwaba ithuba elihle ukuthola isimo namandla ngesikhathi sifushane kuka uma ithengiswe noma waba yisosha we Sultan. Futhi kuyanda yayiningi. Induna yabathenwa black kwakukhona amahhashi 300 futhi nenombolo enganqunyelwe yezigqila.

Hjurrem Sultan (Roxelana) - "Iron Lady" ka yabesifazana

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlando yabesifazana njengoba abaningi abanawo has kanye eside sultans wayenabafazi abaningi, amagama ambalwa kuphela ukuba beze kithi. Harem Sultan Suleiman phathelana kakhulu eyaziwa sibonga Ukrainian ngokuzalwa, ukuthi ngokusho emithonjeni ehlukahlukene okuthiwa Anastasia Toli, Toli Alexandra Lisovskaya. Nokho, amaSulumane, kamuva eyethiwa ngokuthi u Owesifazane Hjurrem.

Yena wathunjwa ngu YaseCrimea AmaTatar ngesikhathi omunye kuphangwa, ngobusuku bangaphambi komshado wakhe. Ukwahlulela yilokho ngakho eyaziwa, singasho ukuthi wayengowesifazane ngobuqili, eqinile, yiba nomqondo ongavamile. Useke Uzame hhayi kuphela empilweni amadodana mbusi kumkakhe wokuqala, ukuziphilisa nomalokazana, kodwa futhi izimpilo indodana yakhe siqu abasha. Kodwa kwakungegazi sangempela, uma iminyaka engu-15 wakwazi uphebeze dlo Sultan Süleyman futhi abe umbusi besifazane kuphela.

Topkapi - naphakade abode of yabesifazana

Topkapi zesigodlo yasungulwa by Sultan Mahmed njengoba sokuhlala olusemthethweni ababusi WaseTurkey. Futhi wonke umuntu uyazi dlo Sultan Suleiman futhi wahlala lapha. Kuyinto nge supply Hjurrem (noma Roxelana) kwenziwa a kulungiswe ezinkulu Ensemble esigodlweni emlandweni walo wempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene yabesifazana kungaba isukela abesifazane 700 ukuze 1,200.

Ukuze umuntu ngubani Topkapi lokuqala, isigodlo kanye nesigodlo ngokwaso ngeke kubonakale Maze kunothile amakamelo, imihubhe, emagcekeni ehlakazekile ke.

Zonke izindonga e yabesifazana ngesikhathi kwakuklele gourmet izninskoy KaMose tile, okuyinto isesimweni cishe ephelele walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku. Futhi namhlanje kuqhubeka mangaza izivakashi nge yabo ubuhle, Ukukhalipha, ukucacisa, imininingwane umdvwebo. Ukwenza odongeni ngakho kwakungenakwenzeka ukudala amakamelo ezimbili ezifanayo, ngakho zonke Boudoir kule isigodlo kwaba ekhethekile.

Topkapi nesikhundla nsimu enkulu. Esigodlweni zikhona amakamelo 300, 46 zangasese, 8 zokugeza, 2 amathempeli, 6 zokugqoka izinto, emadanyini okubhukuda, izingubo, izibhedlela, emakhishini. Ingabe-ke konke lokhu ethathe, noma ingxenye yamagceke abangu oluthathwa njengengxenye esigodlweni Sultan sika, akwaziwa. Kuze kube manje, kuphela esitezi sokuqala livulekele ukuvakasha ukuhlolwa. Yonke enye into namanje uzifihle ngokucophelela kusukela emehlweni prying zezivakashi.

Zonke amawindi yabesifazana enqatshelwa. Nokho, kusobala ukuthi kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi lapho amafasitela futhi wayengekho nhlobo. Cishe, lokhu kwaba igumbi wabathenwa noma izigqila.

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi enhle ezithakazelisayo kwakungekho isithembu, kungaba njengoba postoyalitsey ongafuni abanye intombazane. Ukuphila yabesifazana uhlale ilawulwe esiqinile yangaphakathi imithetho, imithetho kanye nemigomo, thina namanje abazi.

harems yesimanje

Njengoba nakuba kungase kuzwakale, kodwa e-Turkey yesimanje (okungenani ngokwengxenye APC) harems kuze kube manje, cha. Kodwa-Turks ngokwabo, smiling, wanezezela ngokuthi lolu kuphela ngokuvumelana izibalo ezisemthethweni, kahle, emaphandleni, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga, le ndlela yokuphila kubalulekile.

lomshado oyisithembu - kuba ngokoqobo ngoba u-40% abesifazane abahlala Jordan, Pakistan, Yemen, Syria, Madagascar, Iran, e-Iraq kanye amazwe ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuthi esiphehla yabesifazana, uhlala ilungelo lokuhlanganyela abacebileyo, ngoba kuphela bayakwazi aqukethe ukulingana zezimali kwabafazi babo olusemthethweni, zazo ezine kuphela kungaba. womshado ngamunye kufanele abe ekhaya lakho (noma okungenani lokulala yangasese nomnyango walo siqu), imihlobiso, igqoka, intombazana.

Iningi labesimame isigodlo zanamuhla usesimweni esinjalo bebodwa, kodwa ezinye, njengasekuqaleni, aphethwe amandla. Kodwa zikhona izikhathi ukuthi abesifazane kufanele bangabi izivumelwano, phezu kwesikhathi ngazo ungabuyela ajwayelekile ngaphambi kulokhu kuphila kuphela, ingenza lukhulu. Ngenxa yomoya wama yesimanje sultans amahemuhemu.

Njengoba ngaphambili, abesifazane yabesifazana zithathwa hhayi abanikazi ngokwabo, futhi "abantu abaqeqeshiwe" - okubizwa ngokuthi mashate ukuthi behla benyuka emhlabeni wonke zifuna indawo ezingakhula omunye ubuhle. Kodwa ubuso kuhle - akulona "ithikithi emnyango" kuphela yabesifazana. Kumelwe ukuba ngempela abanothando embhedeni, ukuze bakwazi ukuyenga umnini wayo kumelwe baqonde indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano futhi izingxabano. Ukuze izinhlangano zikwazi ukusungula zonke izidingo zokunikwa babe ukuhlolwa okukhethekile (noma, uma uthanda, ukuhlolwa), kuphela emva kwalokho owesifazane kumnikazi yabesifazana ebonisa ngokuqondile.

Ngemva kwakho konke okungenhla namanje uhlala umbono oyindida ka yabesifazana. Ezinye uzoqhubeka bayibheka njengelungelo esifuze esidlule nge umkhawulo inkululeko ukwephula zabesifazane amalungelo, abanye - njengoba ithuba enothisa futhi uzinakekele okwesikhashana, futhi abanye - njengoba ithuba ukuthola inkosana yakhe yangempela ipera emhlomphe. Kodwa konke lokhu kuyinto isigodlo. Kuyini Nguwe okufanele unqume lokho nje ngokwakho.