Izimpawu umphakathi

Kuyini umphakathi? Umbuzo ilula, kodwa akulula ukuphendula, ngoba umqondo libanzi impela futhi isetshenziswa kokubili kwabantu kanye psychology, wezifundo zezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezomlando, ezomthetho. Futhi ngayinye yalezi wesayensi lisondela le ncazelo, ngoba ingxenye yayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kunikeza ukuhumusha kwakhe uqobo. Ake sizame ukubona izimpawu umphakathi kusuka ingxubevange enkulu mbono nezincazelo. Ngakho ...

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-umphakathi - endaweni ngokuphelele. Lolu hlobo isikhala ngokomzimba, lapho kukhona uxhumano nokuthuthuka kwabo (phakathi imiphakathi nomphakathi futhi phakathi kwabantu). Indawo Geographical kanye sezulu kakhulu inomthelela kanye namasiko, kanye phezu izinga lokuphila, futhi ukubaluleka orientation. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi endaweni kwakungelona uphawu umphakathi njalo. Okhokho bethu, eyaphila emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule nasemihumeni, ngokuvamile washintsha indawo yabo, okuyinto eyayihlala (nendawo). Kodwa umphakathi kakade owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba kakade kuyofikwa sivumelwano ezinye ezivamile futhi izenzo: nge botha umlilo, ezingelwa ndawonye. Lapha kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana ezithile uxhumana nezenzo ezihlobene - noma kunalokho, ekuqaleni intuthuko isiko senhlalo. Nalokhu futhi, izibonakaliso umphakathi.

Yiqiniso, namuhla leli senhlalo lihlukile: uxhumana emiphakathini kwezenhlalo, ezenhlalo izikhungo, ubudlelwano aqine. Kukhona division zibe namaqembu omphakathi ezinezici ezifana nezakho futhi izithakazelo ezifanayo: abasesigabeni esiphakathi, abampofu, esiphakeme (noma abafundi, abahola impesheni, odokotela, abasebenzi). Futhi kuyo yonke imiphakathi has a ekhethekile kwezenhlalo, ngabanye, imisebenzi esingokwemvelo kuye. Ngokwesibonelo, izici zokusebenza kwekilasi amanga ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezithile, elite zezombusazwe kuhlala ukulawula ezindabeni zezombangazwe zomphakathi, abafundi uzuza njani ilwazi, odokotela ukusiza iziguli. Futhi zonke kuhlobene. Nokulawula lezi nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana izikhungo umndeni, imfundo, impahla, uhulumeni, ukukhiqiza, isiko nenkolo.

Isikhungo ngasinye ezifana nomphakathi indima ukulawulwa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kanye imiphakathi social ekuphileni kwabo.

Yezefundo omkhaya, isibonelo, ulawula uhlobano phakathi umndeni nomshado, lesakhiwo isimo - ubudlelwane kwezepolitiki. Futhi nokuxhumana kwazo zonke lezi zikhungo inquma Amatebhe futhi ube sphere ezivamile. Kusekelwa nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi Kwenziwa komphakathi lomuntu oyedwa, ke kuqinisekisa phambili amagugu nemigomo kwamasiko.

nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana bathembele oyingqayizivele phezu izikhundla elalihlala imiphakathi nomphakathi, ukubaluleka sokusebenza. Emphakathini wobushiqela, isibonelo, lesakhiwo isimo ubuswa ephoqelela intando yabo. Elite elibusayo Sikhathazekile nezinzuzo zazo siqu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, i- izithakazelo zonke ezinye imiphakathi. Esikhathini ubuhlobo efanayo social owandile ukuzinza isihlobo (ukuzinza). Zibonisa isimo social imiphakathi uxhumana (ibhalansi amabutho ekilasini), futhi ushintshe ngayo ushintsho imithetho (isimo senhlalo).

Izimpawu umphakathi elandelayo - ukuzimela nokwaneliswa.

Ukuzimela kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuzibusa. Njengomthetho, umphakathi has umlando walo, ukuphathwa uhlelo, indawo kanye uyakwazi ukudala siqu amanethiwekhi zabo zenhlalo, ukuhlanganisa imiphakathi engenayo nomphakathi. Idinga nokwaneliswa - kungenzeka ukuzithiba, ngaphandle kokungenela okuthuthukile ngaphandle: ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nesiko labo, ukukhiqizwa sabantu, izidingo (nangokomoya, futhi impahla) wonke amalungu fanele kuze lo umphakathi.

Ukuzimela kanye nokwaneliswa - Umqondo ikude abstract. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto, mhlawumbe, izici eziyinhloko umphakathi. Ukungabikho kungenzeka self-lu- ezidinga ukuthi kungenelelwe ngaphandle.

Eziphathelene nenhlalo namasiko ubunye, noma isiko ezivamile - izimpawu ezifanayo umphakathi. Kodwa kusadingeka ukucaciseleka lapha. Inxanxathela zomphakathi nge yobuzwe, inkolo kanye nezinye imiphakathi ehlukene (USA, Russia) isiko ezivamile njengoba enjalo kulinganiselwe uhlanekezelwe. Kuzoba ukuqonde inqubo commonality esehlanganise ekuhlanganiseni zokuhlanganisa. Izibonakaliso oyinhloko khona ubunye amanga inhlalo namasiko ulimi olufanayo, tikhungo tetenhlalo, ubunye izindinganiso zokuziphatha (thina - abaseRussia), ubunye amaphethini ukuziphatha.

Esikhathini ubunye usikompilo nenhlalo amanga ngebutho elikhulu zokuhlanganisa, onikeza ikhono le komphakathi izizukulwane ezintsha.