Hlobo luni ramie Indwangu: isakhiwo, izakhiwo, izicelo

Hlobo luni ramie Indwangu (isithombe sikhombisa kamuva esihlokweni)? Yenziwe isitshalo Imicu yotshani Boehmeria Nivea, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sembabazane Chinese, omhlophe, oluhlaza futhi Rhea ramie. Libhekisela eqenjini okuthiwa fibre izitshalo.

zinhlobo

Kuyinto eziqinile isitshalo zisetshenziswa omndeni sembabazane, ezithela izikhathi 6 ngonyaka. Uveza ezihlukahlukene unbranched neziqu ezikhula kusukela rhizomes komhlaba, futhi kuphele isikhathi ukukhiqizwa ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-20. Pectins futhi yakhiwa resin, ngenxa okuyinto le micu kungasetshenziswa kuphela emva kokwelashwa amakhemikhali.

Okwamanje, ramie noma ramie, ngokuthi ramie ezimhlophe, kutshalwa China. amahlamvu Plant makhulu, serrated, amise okwenhliziyo, phansi embozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ukuthi abanike ukubukeka esiliva.

Bomer ezimhlophe, oluhlaza noma ramie, ongowokudabuka Peninsula Malay. It ishiya kancane benjalo oluhlaza kusuka phansi, futhi olufanele kangcono ezindaweni ezishisayo.

ramie Indwangu: umlando namasiko

Ramie ingenye izinhlobo endala izinto zokusetshenziswa kusetshenziswe ukwenziwa yendwangu zesivikelo sesifuba. ramie Nokwelukiweyo wabo - lendwangu (zihunyushelwe Russian - ramie) kusukela ezikhathini komlando iye yasetshenziswa China, India nase-Indonesia. Lesi sitshalo kutshalwa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5000, futhi ezindaweni eziningi kuwo esekhulile ukotini ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. Rami ingenye kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa e izindwangu Japanese.

I Yichun (China) esandleni nokwelukiweyo Indwangu zalesi sitshalo ubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhanya ngokuthi amaphiko cicada, njengoba mncane njengoba iphepha, flat njengesibuko, yacwengisiswa kasilika." Eliphezulu ntambo ngamafayibha okuzenzela ramie ezihambisana suchilas obuphelele elikhulu e intambo ende kakhulu. Khona-ke isandla esisodwa nokwelukiweyo izindwangu okusobala. ESouth Korea, lapho Museum itholakala ramie, bebizwa "Mosi".

Ngokomlando, ramie kusetshenziswa njengendlela material esibalulekile eliphezulu izingubo ongaphandle, kuhlanganise amamaki aphakeme kimono, ikakhulukazi e-Japan. Korean bendabuko imvunulo hanbok eyenziwe ramie, idume ngomtapo ubuhle bayo. Indwangu ungukukhanya futhi abushelelezi, efana Ifilakisi efanelekayo womshini ezihlukahlukene izingubo kanye ekhaya nendwangu.

ukukhiqizwa yesimanje

Ngo-1980 ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe ngcono kanye nabafisa ukuzovakasha e ukusetshenziswa imicu zemvelo kule izingubo kwaholela ekwandeni e ukufunwa ramie Indwangu. Bomer ezimhlophe alisetshenziswa basembonini yendwangu ngezinga elikhulu ngoba kukhona umonakalo omkhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa, njengoba ukukhiqizwa yayo kudinga izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Rami isitshalo Imicu yotshani esihle nge eziningi izici ewusizo, futhi ngcono izindlela zayo yokwelashwa kungaholela ukwanda kwayo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Abakhiqizi eyinhloko ramie namuhla China, Brazil, i-Philippines, India, South Korea neThailand. Zimbalwa izinto zokusetshenziswa kuyatholakala emakethe ngamazwe. Japan, Germany, France, Britain - the abangenisa main, lonke isetshenziswa emazweni emakethe umkhiqizi yasekhaya.

E-Brazil, ukutshalwa ramie kwaqala ngo-1930 ngasekupheleni futhi kwakhuphuka ngo-1971, lapho-ke yadalwa ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30. Amathani. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amavolumu ezikhulayo ziye ekunqabeni ngenxa umncintiswano ngezitshalo okunye, ezifana kabhontshisi namaphesenti ukungena we nezindwangu zokwenziwa. Ukukhiqiza ePhilippines ngo-1950 ekuseni futhi bafinyelela inani labamemezeli amathani 5.500 maphakathi nawo-1960. Kukhona futhi kancane kancane kuncipha.

Imicu yotshani obuqinile

Ramie enamandla kakhulu, omhlophe emsulwa, babe sheen silky. Kubikwa ukuthi amandla eqine igebe kuyinto izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili obukhulu kunobukaJohane ukotini ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa ukwedlula ukuthi kasilika.

Nokho, ngokuvumelana neminye imininingo, lesi silinganiso Inkomba kusukela ukotini, yefilakisi, Hemp futhi ramie efanayo. Lezi umehluko kungenziwa ngokwengxenye sithi iqiniso ukuthi amandla fibre sixhomeke kakhulu endaweni zokukhiqiza, processing indlela, izimo test, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.

Ramie umoba ubude ukufinyelela 1-2.5 amamitha. Imvelo ofanele kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo - efudumele futhi usemanzi, nge imvula yonyaka okungenani 1000 mm. Kahle itshalwe izitshalo uyakwazi withstanding nesomiso kanye frost, kodwa ukhule kakhulu uma bengekho. Njengoba isivuno high ramie, isiko kusheshe kuncisha inhlabathi izakhi.

izakhiwo

Kungcono ukuthi luhlobo luni ramie indwangu, ukuvumela izinzuzo zayo:

• It has izakhiwo iyavuleka kwesivamile, kangangokuthi kuba ukhululekile ukugqoka, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu esifudumele.
• Indwangu of ramie ramie amelana bacterium, isikhunta, alikhali, ukukhanya, izinambuzane, akusho ukubola.
• It has a ukumelana zemvelo ukuze basuse izisihla noma ezingcolisa futhi kusiza ukususwa kwabo okusheshayo, imikhiqizo fanekiso kusukela yefilakisi futhi ingcono kakhulu kunanoma ukuthi izinto ukotini.
• Akukona ukuwohloka kwethonya a asidi.
• Pretty lula ramie ezidayiwe (indwangu). Ukuhumusha zabasebenzi izibalo akusiyo.
• imibala emihle ezimanzi, kodwa amnyama ungalahlekelwa ukukhanya kwazo ngemva nokugeza okuphindaphindiwe.
• amandla Indwangu e wetted isimo iyakhula.
• It umelana amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa.
• Smooth izindwangu shiny e ukugeza kuyathuthuka.
• It kugcina ezakheke futhi akusho shwabanisa.
• It kungenziwa bleached.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, thola ukuthi kudala ramie, ukusiza amaphutha akhe. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• kuyaqina okuphansi.
• Okuphansi nokuhuzuka ukumelana.
• Indwangu kulula crumple. Nokho, ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo sokuwunikeza ukumelana imibimbi, noma ukuxubana nezindwangu zokwenziwa kungehlisa le nkinga.
• Ukuqina kanye brittleness.
• fibre Expensive kunciphisa sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe yayo maqondana nezinye izinhlobo nendwangu. Isizathu salokhu yilona eliphezulu zabasebenzi ukushuba ukukhiqizwa, Iqoqo decortication - esasihlukanisa core kusukela stem.
• Isidingo ekususeni resin ngaphambi ekwelapheni le micu.

ukusetshenziswa

Ramie Indwangu uyathola ukusebenzisa eziningi ezidayiswayo. Ikakhulu, isetshenziswa womshini:

• izingubo - igqoka, amasudi, iziketi, jackets, ibhulukwe, blouses, amahembe, izingubo zezingane, exutshwe ukotini elisetshenziswa sweaters wathungela;
• izinto umhlobiso - amakhethini, ocingweni lokuzenzela, Upholstery, bedspreads, amashidi, itafula izindwangu, ekhishini amathawula;
• ukuthunga ngentambo;
• amaduku;
• parachutes;
• amapayipi amanzi nokwelukiweyo;
• emidwebweni;
• izihlungi.

Iqiniso ukuthi ramie Indwangu, wathi ukusebenzisa kwayo ingxube nge uvolo. Ukuncipha lokugcina encishisiwe kakhulu. izinsalela iDemo asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni high eyiphepha futhi izicubu paper. Kusukela phosphor ubamba ramie Imicu yotshani angasetshenziswa, isib, ukuze bahlanze amadamu uhlushwa esiningi ngokweqile izinto biogenic ezikhishwe phakathi womshini ushukela.

Imicu yotshani Maholoholo esetshenziswa enkulu ekwakhekeni Twine nezintambo okuyiwona amandla nezinto zethu ezibonakalayo inelastic afanelekile kakhulu. High ezimanzi amandla endwangwini, ikhono layo ukuze ome ngokushesha, nokumelana esenzweni webhaktheriya ziye zasetshenziswa ekwenzeni amanetha okudoba.

Rami e Izingxube

Ukwakheka iqondiswa ramie Indwangu ezinye zesivikelo sesifuba (isibonelo, 45% cotton) ngenxa amandla layo eliyingqayizivele, absorbency, isicwebezelisi, futhi paintability ezinhle. Ngo Izingxube nge high quality ukotini ke inikeza ukuqina kakhudlwana, isicwebezelisi nombala. Lapho exutshwe uvolo ramie ke ulunika ukudlala futhi kunciphisa ukuncipha esiphansi. Ngo ingxube ne-viscose ke kushintsha amandla ayo aphansi ezimanzi.

Uyabakhathalela ramie: onjani Indwangu?

imikhiqizo ukunakekelwa Izinqubo kusukela ramie, eziboniswe amalebula zihlukile. Ukuze izinto ngamaphesenti angu-100 ramie Indwangu anakekele hhayi ngikhetha. Njengomthetho, zingase wageza noma elondolo nendaba, kuncike imibala, umhlobiso kanye nomklamo. ramie Indwangu, ogama izakhiwo amandla ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme, kungenziwa wageza emanzini ashisayo bese iphezulu unhlangothi izindlela. Nokho, umbala nokugcinwa, noma ukulawula izakhiwo ukuncipha kwe-fibre okuxubile kungase kunqume lokushisa ephansi. ukuhlolwa laboratory kwakamuva kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi Imiphumela emihle siyithola lapho usebenzisa ukunakekelwa kahle noma ekhethekile xaxa. Ngokwesibonelo, izindwangu ukugcina umbala kanye balolonge ngaphandle imibimbi lapho babhekana ome yokuhlanza.

Umshini ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo ngobumnene iphele ezintanjeni kwaba ungcono umshini ukugeza ngamanzi afudumele bese wonyiswa imigqomo ngesikhathi umjikelezo njalo abandayo ecindezelwe. Hand ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo kwefulethi omiswe ndlela letiphakanyisiwe kakhulu ukunakekelwa ekhaya lwezihloko wathungela futhi nokwelukiweyo. Umthengi owazi amandla nobuthakathaka kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba ungathola ukwaneliseka esiphezulu nenjabulo ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ka ramie.

Hlobo luni Indwangu, futhi uyofunda ulwazi mayelana nemibandela imikhiqizo isitoreji ke. Kufanele kugcinwe "uqamba amanga". Ramie ziyaqothuka futhi zivame ziwohloke. Kuyadingeka ukuba sigweme izingubo alo noma wenze emphethweni e indwangu nokwelukiweyo.

Indima kwezolimo

Izici ezilandelayo ezikhulayo ramie kuthinte nokufaneleka ukukhiqizwa olufanele kwezolimo:

• isiko osekukade lokuphila 6 iminyaka engu-20;
• okwazi ukukhiqiza ezithela eliphezulu biomass, kodwa uma yokuhlanza inikeza ukuqedela iqoqo yayo, it kakhulu kunciphisa nenzalo;
• ramie wadalula eziningi nezilokazane nezifo, kuhlanganise nematodes.

Workability: sokuvuna

Rami eyilungu sembabazane futhi eziqinile isitshalo zisetshenziswa oveza esiningi unbranched ubangelwa rhizomes komhlaba 1- ukuphakama 2.5 m. Usiko ngokuvamile okusakazwa vegetatively ngu impande noma ekunqandeni cuttings. Isivuno iqala ukuba siwe lapho izimpande babe kakhulu.

ukuvuna

Rami ngokuvamile kuvuna izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu ngonyaka, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ezikhulayo ungamukela kuze kube kwesivuno eziyisithupha. Collection wenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala zom kusukela okwamanje kukhona ukwehla wokukhula ifinyelela fibre okuqukethwe walo omkhulu. Okushukunyiswa Bavunwa isikwa ngenhla nje izimpande lateral by, kungenjalo zinsale, zephuke kanye nengaphakathi uyashiywa simila. Ihlanganisa athuthukile, kodwa nsuku commercial kungukuthi osetshenziselwa nokukhanda yenqubo. Ngemva kokuvuna kuze izitshalo kusekusha wabo isuswe nengaphakathi ngoba ramie eyomile kuba nzima ukuyenza. Le micu asha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvimbela umonakalo obangelwa amagciwane noma isikhunta.

Dry isisindo ramie kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele ku uhla kusuka amathani 3.4 kuya 4.5 ehektheleni ngonyaka, zazo etholwe kuze kufinyelele 1600 kg / ha ngonyaka owomile feedstock eluhlaza. Ukuncipha komzimba ngesikhathi obezsmolivaniya ongafinyelela 25%, kuphumele ukukhiqizwa mayelana 1200 kg / ha izinto zokusetshenziswa ngonyaka.

extract fibre

Ngemva isivuno kuvuna, kufihlizwe kufanele asuswe fibre - ntambo, okuyinto ube esehosha ntambo, kodwa babo kakade nokwelukiweyo kudala ramie. Incazelo yenqubo ukwelashwa, ebanjwa ngezigaba ezintathu, kanje.

• Okokuqala, ngesandla noma ngomshini core isusiwe. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi decortication.
• In the isinyathelo sesibili nengaphakathi is esusa nge enamathela lendwangu, parenchyma futhi ingxenye itiyela pectins.
• Isigaba sesithathu sihlanganisa wokuwasha, omiswe bese obezsmolivanie ramie Imicu yotshani ngoba isizinda. Ulwazi mayelana inqubo yokukhipha resin, ubhekwa njengomuntu imfihlo yokuhweba. Kungaba kwenziwe zamakhemikhali, microbiological kanye nezinye izindlela.

fibre

Iqiniso ukuthi indwangu ramie, futhi uthi isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni fibre - yezinto engcono Lokudabuka zemifino. Kuyinto eside kakhulu - ke ifinyelela Usayizi 580 mm kanye ubude obuphakathi nendawo 125 mm. I fibre unamandla kakhulu, omhlophe emsulwa nge kukhanye silky.

Ngo inhlukano ramie ukuphotha isetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo njengoba yefilakisi - kungenzeka ezimanzi noma ezomile. Kusukela ntambo ezimanzi, ethambile ngentambo bushelelezi brilliant kakhulu, futhi omile kancane acwebezelayo futhi baqinisa. Rami elixutshwe kalula nabanye Imicu yotshani ezifana uvolo noma usilika, isitshalo nakuba ubude angase ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ubunzima.

namagugu angaphatheki kwezamasiko lwesintu

Eliphezulu, engasindi nendwangu Patterned wenza kusukela ramie, ekahle kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama ehlobo Japanese. Odziya-tidzimi futhi Echigo-dzefu - yendwangu imishini yokukhiqiza ramie e Uonuma esifundeni, Niigata Prefecture, waqala e engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-esentshonalanga yalesi siqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eJapane, elinesimo sezulu esibandayo nobusika, mini ngekhephu. Le micu abahlukene izitshalo izinzipho nesisontekile ku ntambo zezandla. Ngaphambi staining tufts ukotini uvalwe ligated ukuze bathole design Jomethri noma ezimibalabala, lapho intambo ihlobene usebenzisa elula isandla uhlaka lokweluka indwangu. Indwangu ubizwa wageza emanzini ashisayo bese wayixova imilenze, ngemva kwalokho kwaba namanje ezimanzi ezinsukwini 10-12 is zisakazwa emasimini seqhwa ukuze ilanga ezicwebezelayo, futhi kubangele i-ozone imiswe phakathi iqhwa ukuhwamuka.

Nezingubo akhiqizwa ngale ndlela, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka waba undab 'uzekwayo abantu kwezakhi nomphakathi. Kwenziwe namuhla ikakhulukazi ubudala art izingcweti uhlala into yokuziqhenya kwamasiko futhi yithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqinisa umqondo ungubani emphakathini.

Ubuchwepheshe kufakwe ohlwini angaphatheki Heritage of Humanity ngu UNESCO 2009. Ngo-2011 kuloluhla ngu yokukhiqiza Korean Mossi - izinhlobo ezinhle kunazo ramie Indwangu. I nqubo ihilela lokuqoqa, ukupheka kanye izitshalo amakhorali ntambo suchenie usebenzisa lokuphotha, futhi ekugcineni beluka kwi uhlaka lokweluka indwangu bendabuko. Rami ekhululekile hot sezulu ehlobo, futhi isetshenziswa womshini zokubhukuda kanye iyunifomu ukulila izingubo. ngendwangu emhlophe, ubuhle bayo nokunemba ivumela nemithungo izingubo zakhe zikanokusho zokusebenzelana abayitoho. Ukwaluka is ngokwesiko eyayenziwa abesifazane, omama adlulisa amasu kanye nesipiliyoni kanjalo amadodakazi abo. Amasiko kuqiniswe nezibopho zethu zomphakathi njengoba omakhelwane abuthele ndawonye futhi enze ezinye izinxenye inqubo. Okwamanje, yokudoba esifundazweni Hansan icasha bantfu mayelana 500.