Hlobo luni umsebenzi owenziwa osomkhathi? ukuhlaziywa enemininingwane

Kusukela sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwenziwa osomkhathi, ngomlando ukuthuthukiswa isikhala eduze-Earth, futhi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kuyadingeka uma unquma owanikezela ukuphila kwakhe ithuba lokuvakashela e Umhlaba orbit nangale.

Discworld

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kanye nalokho okutholwe kuqala emkhakheni yezinkanyezi, ososayensi, ngubani okusolakala ukuthi Umhlaba akasona isicaba, sina wazibuza ukuthi ngaphandle kwemingcele yayo? Iqiniso lokuthi eziningi amaplanethi, aziwayo kakade eRoma yasendulo naseGrisi, kodwa ulwazi mayelana yonke yabhujiswa. Maye, kuphela observation ezibukwayo akugcini.

Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abacwaningi wathatha lolu daba, kwadingeka ngilinde kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-XX leminyaka. Cishe ngaso leso imikhawulo Zomhlaba sahamba drones kuqala. Nokho lokhu akuzange kuwumise, ngoba umsebenzi ngokugcwele umuntu kuphela ongakulalela futhi kwenziwe ezimweni ezinjalo. Ngakho, hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwenziwa yi-zezinkanyezi?

ucwaningo

Kubalulekile ukucacisa: Isimanga siwukuthi, kodwa kwaba ukutadisha yonke emzileni wenza okungenani. izinqubo Global ayatholakala ucwaningo Nomhlaba siqala ngendlela eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma nemibono, kodwa unyaka ngamunye, iningi labo ziqinisekiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ulwazi indlela yonke wazalwa, njengoba yezinkanyezi yayibonakala kanjani iminyaka amaplanethi amaningi, njll ososayensi baye bathola, alilokothi ngqo esikhaleni futhi ngesikhathi lapho izindiza anjalo kwakungamelwe kungenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba kwenza Einstein bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe wokuhlobana kwezinto, kanye izimbobo omnyama, okuyinto bekwi ukutadisha Hawking.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona izinqubo, isifundo zazo kungenzeka okungalé koMhlaba kuphela. Ngakho ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwenziwa yi-zezinkanyezi?

Biology and Medicine

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo kanye physiologists ukufunda umphumela weightlessness emzimbeni womuntu, izinguquko ezenzeka emva kwesikhathi eside yokuhlala e microgravity. Futhi ku-ISS owakhiwe unomphela "zoo" esincane amagundane ambalwa nezinambuzane. Inzalo yabo ukuthola ukuthi yini etholakala izidalwa zasemhlabeni ozalwa emkhathini.

wezitshalo

ISS futhi isikhathi eside ukubukela ukukhula kwezitshalo ukuze sibone ukuthi banjani lokushintsha ukujwayela endaweni njalo cosmic ngemisebe weightlessness, kuyafana. Yilokho uhlobo lomsebenzi abantu enze osomkhathi.

Psychology

I okunethezeka ukugcina ebhodini esiteshini isikhala sokusebenza kwengqondo ayo, umuntu akakwazi ukuvumela. Nokho, lezi zimo lokuphila izindawo wayiswa kude izimo evamile - a esikhulu balufakazela umhlabathi wezifo zengqondo. Yiqiniso, ucwaningo ekhethekile akakho othela phezu osomkhathi, kodwa bheka nje ngemva nokusiza nasezimweni ezinzima.

Physics, chemistry

Futhi ebhodini ISS elibamba ezihlukahlukene ucwaningo ngokomzimba isifundo of cosmic emisebeni yangemuva ka Magnetosphere woMhlaba. Musa phansi bamakhemikhali.

Manje siyazi ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwenziwa yi-zezinkanyezi.

ucwaningo okusho

Njengoba ubona, ezinye Ukufunda ucwaningo okuhloswe ngaso esikhathini esizayo, lapho sizokwazi izindiza interplanetary, futhi, mhlawumbe, interstellar. Ngesikhathi wabahloli isikhala kufanele kwesokunxele kuya ngesisekelo yesayensi theory kanye umkhuba kanjani ukuphila emkhunjini e izigidi amakhilomitha kude iplanethi yethu. Ngoba kulokhu kuyoba nzima ukuletha ukudla, amanzi kanye nowe-oxygen kusukela Earth, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba unikeze ebiyelwe ngokugcwele ukuphila-support system, kahle noma amabamba eside kakhulu. Kuyasiza futhi lapho le ndawo luzosuselwa kwamanye amaplanethi.

Ngakho ithuba ukuya International Space Station babe abameleli ukuzibonakalisa eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke osomkhathi babe zokwakheka eziningana futhi specialisation. Ungakhohlwa indiza onjiniyela nama-pilot nje "zitholakale zobuchwepheshe", ngoba ngaphandle kwabo isenzo ejwayelekile esiteshini kwakungenakwenzeka.

Hlobo luni umsebenzi owenziwa zezinkanyezi lapho isikhala?

Ngqo ngemuva abacwaningi ISS ngokuyinhloko wahlanganyela zokuvimbela yayo kanye nokunakekela. Ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi esiteshini unwetshiwe uhlelo Modular.

Ngo-1997, esiteshini "Mir" kwaba yingozi embi: ku izinhlamvu ezikhethekile umlilo ukwenziwa oksijini, laselikhala kwadingeka alwe yokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo ukungqubuzana emkhunjini wezimpahla, okuholela solar panel eziningana zalimala, bese kabusha ufake nabo. Kodwa namanje ikakhulukazi umbuzo onjani umsebenzi owenziwa zezinkanyezi lapho isikhala, isikhala wabahloli ukukhuluma mayelana nokugcinwa evamile futhi ucwaningo ezingavamile for ofuna ukuthola indoda ngaphandle amamojuli sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso.

Imisebenzi phansi

On ukubalekela ISS iphupho eziningi, kodwa ngisho zokubhalisa Cosmonaut akuqinisekisi ukuthi umuntu liyadingeka ukuze uye lapho. Inani labo abafisa ukwenza likhulu kakhulu, kanye nokuthuthukiswa samanje umkhakha ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa khona azungeza bonke ososayensi nesithakazelo. Nokho, elaseRussia umemezele ukwakhiwa, okuningi isiteshi esisha sesimanje, kodwa-ke udaba olwehlukile. Ngakho ukuthi hlobo luni lomsebenzi kwenziwa ngabantu umsebenzi astronaut, ngenkathi elapha emhlabeni?

Okokuqala, kungenxa okuqhubekayo, kokubili emzimbeni okukhethekile yabo, ukuba balungele ukuya ISS uma esiphuthumayo njalo. Okwesibili, iningi lawo banolwazi oludingayo ngaleso Mission Control Centre nokwakhiwa lwemikhumbi, - onjiniyela, izazi zesayensi, ikhompyutha program. Awu futhi okwesithathu, abakuhlakulelayo nokuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe obusha.