EEA: ekwakhekeni, iqhaza futhi elala EurAsEC

European Economic Area (EEA) yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Umqondo kokuhlanganisa Europe ngokoqobo emoyeni nasezingqondweni zombangazwe ezivelele zangaleso sikhathi kusukela 1920. Uchungechunge izingxabano kwaphoqa ukudalwa langempela Union emnothweni isikhathi kunalokho eside. Kodwa izinqubo ubunye ngezindlela eziningi kwaqina masinyane ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili. Namuhla, kwi-EEA kuyinto wemboni ahlukene ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe, kodwa wawungaphansi EurAsEC (Eurasia Economic Community) ngezindlela eziningi.

Umlando kumiswa inyunyana kwezomnotho

Ukudalwa European Economic Area zindawo zihlobene kakhulu ukwakheka European Union iyonke. imfundo EU ngokomthetho inkontileka okuphoqelela wezomthetho 1992. Kodwa ukudalwa European Union kanye Economic Area kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe nezinhlangano ezimbalwa disparate futhi izinhlangano we imiqondo esashiwo zombangazwe ezivelele, zezenhlalo kanye zezomnotho asekuqaleni naphakathi no kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Ngakho, e-1920 okuqala e-cindezela German avele amagama "United States of Europe. ' Ngemva konyaka, isazi sefilosofi Austria, wakhuthaza ukusungulwa inhlangano pan-European, futhi omunye izikhonzi abaphezulu eFrance ngo-1929, inxusa izakhamuzi nezinsiza isimo ukuba bahlanganyele European Federal Union.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, omunye ngemva komunye, kukhona imifelandawonye entsha futhi izinhlangano: Ukunyakaza ngoba iYurophu enobunye, European Izinkokhelo Union ne-European Union, Euratom, European Free Trade Association kanye ne-European Economic Community, okuyizinto kokumethemba-EEA yesimanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinhlangano awuhlangene ngalutho nomunye, akekho kubo esihlanganisa zonke amazwe aseYurophu.

Wozani uhlelo ezivamile ephethwe kamuva kancane, kodwa kwakungeyona ephelele. Ngu iminyaka engu-60 th WaseYurophu elihlanganiswe montreal nezinqubomgomo wezolimo, futhi uqhubekele kumiswa union yemali nokuhlela kabusha kwezomnotho kumibuthano eliphakeme. Izinhlelo osopolitiki wokuvelela, kodwa okwamanje kwi-EEA akukakabi inhlangano nethonya elingaka ebusa zonke izici ubudlelwane emkhakheni bezomnotho phakathi kwalamazwe iqhaza.

Imisebenzi kwi-EEA namazwe iqhaza

Kuze kube manje, i-European Economic Area siqukethe 28 amazwe angaphansi kweNyunyana yaseYurophu, plus Norway, Liechtenstein kanye Iceland - amathathu kwamane (+ Switzerland) ilungu European Free Trade Association. Switzerland akuyona ingxenye EEA ngokomthetho, kodwa ezweni elinikeziwe wonke amalungelo nemisebenzi ilungu lenhlangano "-European Economic Area". amazwe Ukubamba iqhaza futhi kulekelelwa San Marino, Andorra, Monaco nowaseVatican, okuyinto de jure akuzona amaqembu Union, kodwa ngenxa yobudlelwane yaseSpain, Italy naseFrance empeleni etholakala kwi-EEA. Lolu hlu labahlanganyeli usebhekene ushintsho oluncane kusukela kwasungulwa le nhlangano ngo-1992 futhi ekuqaleni langempela umsebenzi ngo-1994

Ngakho-European Economic Area kuhlanganisa e ubulungu bayo:

• EU amazwe: iGreat Britain, iGreece, eJalimane, e-Austria, Hungary, Denmark, Italy, e-Ireland, i-Spain, Cyprus, Luxembourg, iLatvia, iLithuania, Malta, iNetherlands, iPortugal, Poland, Romania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Slovenia, France, Finland , eCroatia, Czech Republic kanye Sweden;
• ezintathu States Free Trade Association: Norway, Liechtenstein kanye Iceland;
• Andorra, Vatican, Monaco ne-San Marino, okuyinto afakiwe kwi-EEA ngokwendawo kuphela, babe namalungelo nezibopho United Member (ngaphandle ilungelo Izakhamuzi zala mazwe ukusebenza kwamanye amazwe EU).

Inhlangano ihlose at sungula nokugcina montreal enikezela: ukuhweba khulula kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi, ukunyakaza khulula capital kanye nemali (kubandakanya ukusebenza). Umthetho we-European Economic Area kunikezwa jikelele ezindabeni imvelo, ezohwebo, inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, nokulawula umsebenzi abantu zomthetho futhi zemvelo, ukugcina izibalo.

EEA amazwe neRussia, eYurophu nase-Asia Economic Community

-European Economic Area ngoba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ukuze kwakhiwe adidiyelwe esingaphansi EEC ngokuhlanganyela Customs Union nase-United nokubambisana CAC (Central Asia).

Inkululeko kwezomnotho ngokubambisana kanye nokusungulwa of ubudlelwano ukuhweba phakathi kwezinhlangano - lena umgomo oyinhloko, okungenakuqhathaniswa, okuletha ukuthula European Economic Area. Russia e umfelandawonye Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan futhi Uzbekistan (esikhathini kusuka 2006 kuya 2008), kanye eyizingqapheli, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukahlukene kwakumelwe-Ukraine, iMoldova kanye Armenia, wakha ezivamile amasiko imingcele nokuthuthukisa yamanani ezivamile, amanani kanye lezomnotho angaphandle.

EurAsEC ezingaba elibanzi enkulu-European Economic Area. Ikakhulukazi isitatimende osebenza izinto zokusetshenziswa, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo kanye isici yezibalo. Amathemba ukuqhubeka Eurasia Economic Community kanye Customs Union, kanye United nokubambisana CAC okuningi okuhle ngendlela engakholeki ezingaphezu kuka ukubona ikusasa lenhlangano yaseYurophu. -European Economic Area kuyindlela avaliwe, kuyilapho EEC - inhlangano evulekile, okuyinto isithakazelo emazweni amaningi (hhayi kuphela ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union).