HPP Ust-Ilim: isithombe, ikheli. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula

Esikhathini esifundeni sase-Irkutsk eMfuleni Angara ingenye ambalwa izitshalo Hydropower kuleli zwe ukuthi kukhokhelwe uqobo ngaphambi kokuphela ukwakhiwa. Lokhu Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula, isinyathelo sesithathu ku wendlale iziteshi phezu Angara.

kwase-Angarsk pool

Emuva ku 30s kwekhulu elidlule, ososayensi nonjiniyela Russian nesithakazelo ekutadisheni amandla, amaminerali kanye ihlathi umnotho esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Ukuze ukuhlola ikhono kule ndawo idaliwe kwase-Angarsk Bureau of Gosplan. Lapha kulapho amaphrojekthi azalelwa kwezindawo zamanzi komfula a imikhakha ambalwa ukukhiqizwa energy okhandlayo - Chemical ukucutshungulwa ukhuni, amakhemikhali umkhakha, yokusansimbi namandla. Ngo-1936-ke sivunyiwe isinqumo bona bakhele phezu kwelwazi Angara kubangela izitshalo amandla eziyisithupha, owokuqala eliphezulu kakhulu owawungumnyaka Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula.

izici sezulu onqenqemeni

ukwakhiwa indawo Hydropower okulingana insimu ka eNyakatho Ekude yeCanada, lapho isimo sezulu ngokucijile uhlamvu ezwekazini. I-annual lokushisa kwemini -2,8 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo ngokuphelele isukela -53,9 ° C ngesikhathi esincane lungene + 41 ° C. Isikhathi nge okushisa ngezansi 0 - 214 izinsuku ngonyaka. ikhava Snow Ihlanganisa ukwaziswa ekuqaleni Okthoba futhi uya kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-March. lokushisa Winter -45 ° C, futhi umoya ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 11 km / h.

Ubusika esibi Irkutsk Region

Indawo lapho Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula sikhethwe target 20 amakhilomitha ngezansi Ilim emfuleni endaweni lenhlonhlo enamadwala, lapho libizwa amafutha. Ngo-1962, kunqunywa imigomo yokwakhiwa Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula, umthamo efakwe futhi ukuhlela msebenzi wokulungiselela ku ukulungiswa ingqalasizinda satellite idolobha elinegama elifanayo. Wonke umsebenzi wokwakha wokwakha ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili.

Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa

Lona isigaba umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Yena wawuqala 1963 kuya ku-1967. Ngalesi sikhathi uma sekuvuthiwe kwakhiwa nasizayo izindawo zokukhiqiza ngebhange kwesokunxele Angara. Lokhu eziphathekako rebar izimboni, yokulungisa izitolo, emzaneni abakhi. Wabeka emgqeni amandla, futhi ngo-1966 wavula ngokusebenzisa okuqhubekayo zokuthutha yezimoto kusukela eliseduze ezinkulu edolobheni maphakathi Bryansk.

Eyesibili isigaba sokwakha Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula

Mashi 1966 - usuku ekuqaleni esigabeni sesibili bese esemthethweni isiqalo usuku ukwakhiwa imisele yamanzi ngqo. Lesi sigaba eyathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Naphansi lokuqala Angara owawuse ngo-February 1967. Kwaba isakhiwo enkulu aphosekile kakhulu. Top isivinini amaloli, usebenza amashifu nengxenye futhi ukudla endaweni yokusebenza - futhi iminyaka engu-2 izinyanga 7, esibayeni sekugcina priskalny edamini abayizimpumputhe. Kubuka isithombe Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula, kunzima ukukholelwa imigomo ethile ukwakhiwa.

Umphumela wokuqala

Ngo-1968 waqala laying ukhonkolo edamini. Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya 1977 waqhubeka ngokugcwalisa we Ust-Ilim kwesigubhu. Futhi okufanayo ngo-1974 yena wathola isitshalo ibutho lokuqala, futhi ngo-May 1975, wanikeza inkulumo yokuqala emifula bhiliyoni kilowatts ngehora. Eminyakeni emine ye nokuthuma amayunithi ezine. Nge kwethulwa amayunithi 15 Ust-Ilim Hydropower isitshalo egijima at zigcwele esigabeni sokuqala - 3600 MW. Futhi ngo-1979, wazakhela iyunithi 16 ngo-1980 imisele yamanzi laqala ukusebenza.

Amapharamitha nezici

I umthamo efakwe we Ust-Ilim esiteshini emifula - 4.3 GW, okuyinto efana ne kwemigomo eBratsk Hydroelectric Power Station. Isilinganiso esiteshini yonyaka edonsa 21,7 bhiliyoni kW / h. Zonke iziteshi 16 amayunithi nomthamo 240 MW, ezisebenza endaweni ingcindezi amanzi 90,7 amamitha. Ingcindezi phambi kanye nobude 3.84 km, yakha isidleke saleso igama elifanayo ne kwamanzi endaweni ka-1922 amakhilomitha square namanzi endaweni ivolumu 59,2 cubic metres. km.

izici Vodozapornye

Sisitshela ngokusondelana okwakuphakathi amanzi isithiyo yakha ukuphakama adonsela phansi edamini 105 amamitha kanye nobude 1475 amamitha. Siqukethe 365 amamitha angama-umile ingxenye, 242 amamitha naleli damu ushise amadamu abayizithulu ugu. Ibhange kwesokunxele itshe Dam kanti zobumba, layo obuphelele 1780 metres uphinde uthele kancane ukuphakama 28 metres. On ibhange kwesokudla edamini isihlabathi, ukuphakama kwayo kuba 47 amamitha nobude 538 amamitha. Ukuphakama wechibi elingenhla kuyinto 296 metres sudoprohodnyh kungekho izingidi, kodwa ukwakhiwa nalehleliwe umkhumbi lift.

Inani namandla

Amandla wesine e-Russia, Ust-Ilim amandla kagesi esiteshini - zinendima ebalulekile ohlelweni amandla eSiberia. Steel nezinkuni-zokusebenza amarhwebo esifundeni kukhona abathengi main kagesi walo. Okungukuthi ukwakhiwa esiteshini, owokuqala ku wendlale we Angara HPP, unike ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ust-Ilim indawo ukukhiqizwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Namuhla, kunamabandla imikhawulo Ukukhishwa esiteshini amandla lwenza kukhishwe isilinganiso 32,3% we nguwe. Noma kunjalo, kusalokhu isihloko esibalulekile uhlelo lukagesi Russia.

amayunithi yesimanje

Wonke amayunithi, sikhumbula eyishumi nesithupha wabo, basebenza cishe engu-40. Isiteshi phrojekthi ihlanganisa nezinye izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili, wabeka ngaphansi lapho amanzi imigqa bese yokupaka emkhathini. Kodwa eyishumi nesithupha ngesikhathi isitshalo nokuthuma kwakwanele. Ngo-2017-ke eyenziwa esikhundleni impellers amayunithi ezine, okuzokwenza ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kagesi ngo-4.5%. amasondo okusha ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi Leningrad Metal Plant ukukhathazeka "Amandla Machines" futhi linesisindo esingamathani angu-83. Indlela kusukela isitshalo ukutshala ngomgwaqo iRussia yathatha cishe izinyanga ezine futhi wenza amakhilomitha angaba 7000. Elinye lamasondo ubudala yakubeka esisekelweni njengophawu yesikhumbuzo.

Isethelayithi edolobheni

Kusukela edolobhaneni elincane Ust-Ilim hydrobuilders ikhule ibe isikhungo esiyinhloko kamasipala esifundeni sase-Irkutsk elinabantu abantu 82820. Ukuziqhenya kuka izakhamuzi siteshi emifula Ust-Ilim, ogama kheli: 666683, esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, Ust-Ilim, kanye / I 958. Kuyinto idolobha ukushaqeka izakhiwo ezintathu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union: umuzi ngokwawo, amandla kagesi lezigodo umkhakha. Kuyinto idolobha romance ehlathini 60-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, lapho yena ingoma Aleksandra Pahmutova, eyaziwa ngesikhathi sakhe ezweni lonke, "Incwadi eya Ust-Ilim."

Ust-Ilim amandla kagesi esiteshini kwezobuciko

Ngaphandle izingoma okukhulunywa eyenziwa Maya Kristalinskaya (1963), edolobheni elidume waletha indaba Aleksandra Vampilova "ithikithi Ust-Ilim," echaza umlando umthelela ukwakhiwa. ifilimu Wezingane "I Ikota wesihlanu", wathwebula 1972, mayelana engu-nantathu umhlali Leningrada Antona, okuyinto, esikhundleni uhambo ku ngamaholidi lapho waya olwandle wafika umfowabo-gidrostroevtsu Ust-Ilim, anikezelwe abantwana ezweni ikakhulukazi ukuphila futhi ubuqhawe of ehlathini abakhi.

Futhi ngenkathi intsha yanamuhla awazi ukuthi ubani lo Maya Kristalinskaya futhi Aleksandra Pahmutova, kodwa izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha siyaziqhenya amakhosi abo gidrostroevtsev ukushaqeka nomlando nobuqhawe ezweni labo. A Ust-Ilim amandla kagesi esiteshini nge ubuhle baso futhi ngezinga uyaqhubeka mangaza wonke umuntu wokuqala wabona zimangaliso ubunjiniyela, intando nesifiso ukufeza imigomo indoda sizungezwe ehlathini imvelo yalesi sifunda nokhahlo.