Technique Bass-Darky. Indlela ekuxilongeni incazelo ulaka incazelo umgomo yemiphumela

Bass-Darky nqubo iye yabizwa ohlongozwayo 60s kwekhulu elidlule, kodwa namanje uthola abasekeli abaningi futhi limatasa esetshenziswa. On ke sizokutshela namuhla. Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi le nqubo (lwemibuzo Bass-Darky) - omunye ethandwa kakhulu namuhla, elisetshenziswa Psychology angaphandle isifundo ngobudlova. Ngaphambi Singaxoxa ngalokhu, kufanele ichaze lo mqondo ubudlova. Yiziphi izindlela yomsuka wawo, incazelo yalo komuntu? Nobabili, tshelani sibhekane nalo.

Uyini ubudlova

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ubudlova - enye yezindlela ethandwa kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo kukhungathekise komuntu (nzima) izimo. Lezi zimo ezinzima abangela abantu ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze nibhekane nazo.

isinyathelo Aggressive kungaba esebenzisa amandla ekufezeni izinhloso ezithile ezibalulekile. Zingabonisa ngendlela ukuhlangabezana ukukhishwa ivinjiwe izidingo osenyameni ngokwengqondo. Futhi, izenzo ezinodlame zisetshenziswa ukuze self-isiqinisekiso futhi iSilekeleli Sokwazisa.

Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma sonya

Kwaphela isikhathi eside indlela ngokwengqondo ukuze ubudlova nolaka lichazwa ngokuthi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngazo babekubheka njengelungelo umphumela ukukhungatheka (Rosenzweig, Dollard), kanye nomqondo Luhambo. A izincwadi eziningana eziphathelene nale ndaba Yavela ngasekupheleni 50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Le misebenzi ziye zabangela ukuba inflow umsebenzi theory kanye nama-yokulinga ngale ndaba, ezifaka phakathi lwemibuzo Bass-Darky.

Le nqubo akulona munye kuphela kulawo ezisetshenziswa namuhla. Namuhla kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi zobudlova. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - K. Lorenz futhi Freud. Ngamunye zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo has umbono ayo ubudlova, kanye isimo sabo sengqondo kuso. Ngenxa yalesi abangayithola izici ezivamile futhi ihlukaniswe 4 izigaba eziyinhloko. Sitshele kafushane mayelana ngamunye wabo.

Ulaka - idiphozi azalwa naso

Ulaka kubhekwe njengento idiphozi noma umyalezo azalwa nako. Okungukuthi, sizalwa kusukela ekuzalweni uhlobo ukuziphatha, ukulalela ezingeni esiswini. Amalungu eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziphathelene nalesi sigaba, ubudlova kubhekwa njengento amalungelo endawo, zofuzo ihlelwa. Kuyinto sezivele zikhona ke abonakalisa kukho konke ukuphila. Ulaka, ngokuvumelana abalandeli zalezi zinkolelo-mbono, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuqedwe. Okuhle kakhulu, singakwazi kuphela ukwehlisa umthelela waso.

Ulaka zingalawulwa

Okunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma bheka it njengoba ibonakalisa izinqubo lehlukene ekucabanga kwengcondvo netintfo ngokomzwelo. Lesi siphetho sisekelwe emazwini enkolelweni yokuthi ngamunye wethu angakwazi ukulawula ubudlova ngesisekelo isipiliyoni aluthola izinhlelo zokufundisa amakhono okuziphilisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ufanele ukwazi ukwethula izingozi ezingaba khona, kanye ilungelo bahlaziya lezi noma nezinye izinto ezisongela.

Ulaka - isidingo

Ulaka Ungase futhi kumelwe kuqondwe njengelakhiwe isidingo eyenziwe izici zangaphandle nokushukunyiswa. Kule ngombono, kuthathwa ngokuthi isidingo, okuyinto waqaphela ngqo ngaphansi kwethonya ezishukumisa ahlukahlukene zangaphandle. "Ukukhungatheka imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubudlova" oluyisisekelo lo mbono. Kwahlongozwa i oyisazi American kwengqondo John Dollard. Ngokwalo mbono, ukukhungatheka kuholela ubudlova, ngokuqinisekile ngandlela-thile, kanti isixuku esikhulu, esikhundleni salokho, uhlale umphumela ukukhungatheka.

Ulaka - ukubonakaliswa nakho komphakathi

Enye indlela ukuba ubudlova - ukuze ubone ukuthi ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa isipiliyoni yezenhlalakahle langempela. Okungukuthi, uyisibonelo indlela yokuziphatha emphakathini atholakala phakathi nenkambo yentuthuko. ukusabela Aggressive zenzeka kubantu ngemva wazithola usesimweni esifanayo noma zibukele wabukela wakhe kuthabathela ecaleni. Lokhu kuwumphumela ekuqongeleleni kanye nokusetshenziswa alandelayo isipiliyoni.

Umonakalo obangelwa ubudlova

Njengoba bacubungula ukubukwa adume kakhulu ku welithi "ubudlova", singasho ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba baqonde ukuthi kubuhlungu eyashukumisela ukuziphatha okuphambana nemithetho kanye nezinkambiso yokuphila komuntu iyisikhathi esingakanani emphakathini. Lokhu ukuziphatha kubangela umonakalo ukuba into engaphili noma Animate zokuhlasela. Kubangela kubo ukulinyazwa emzimbeni noma kungase kubangele ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukudangala, imizwa engakhi, okungukuthi, ukungakhululeki engqondo.

Umqondo ubudlova kanye nokuhlola yayo

Ulaka - okuyimfanelo ekhethekile, impahla yomuntu, okuyinto libhekene ukuthambekela elimazayo, ikakhulukazi endaweni ubudlelwane kuncike into. Cishe Inkokhelo ingxenye idinga indoda emsebenzini zokudala. Ngemva izidingo ngazinye ikhono ukwakha ukwa futhi ukususa sizinqobe ukuze zonke UKUPHEBEZA le nqubo.

Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ulaka sinezici ambalwa kanye qualitative. Njenganoma iyiphi enye impahla, kobukhulu ke kuhluka ukungabi pheze ephelele kulinganiselwe ezingeni yentuthuko. Njengoba kuchazwe degree ayo kufanele abe wonke umuntu. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela conformality kuholela ulaka, amashidi, passivity futhi t. D. Kunalokho, ukuthuthukiswa ngokweqile kungaba kwachazwa ngokuthi umuntu kungqubuzana jikelele, okuyinto ayinakho ikhono nokubambisana bayazi.

Ulaka ngokwako akusona ukwenza umuntu ngamabomu kuncike yingozi. Ngempela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ubudlelwane obukhona phakathi ubudlova nolaka, ayikwazi kubhekwe ezinye ziqinile. Zingadala yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo sonya ngokwayo awukwazi ukuthatha amafomu esingamukeleki futhi ngamabomu yingozi.

Ulaka - umsebenzi olimazayo

Ulaka e ukwazi kwansuku - emagama lafanako ka amazwi anjengokuthi "umsebenzi olimazayo". Nokho, ukuziphatha elimazayo ngokwako akusho ifa "ezinonya". Kwenza ezinjalo umsebenzi isisusa, okungukuthi, amagugu ukuze kuzuzwe lelo, futhi lomsebenti wenteka. Isenzo bangase babonakale njengabakhulekeli efanayo, kodwa ngaleyo ndlela yezingxenye ugqozi kukhona ngqo okuphambene.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ubudlova

Ulaka kungenziwa uhlukane ngenhla, ku 2 izinhlobo ezinkulu. Okokuqala - ubudlova ugqozi njengoba nokuzinyeza. Eyesibili hlobo lokulwa - ithuluzi, ngimbone njengoba izindlela. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi bobabili kungathatha indawo ngaphansi kokulawula ukuqaphela kwethu, futhi ngaphandle kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili lezi zinhlobo ezihlobene nakho yimizwelo njengokucindezeleka amaphuzu ulaka nendluzula.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nodokotela abanesifiso ngaphezulu ncamashi ubudlova ugqozi, kubhekwe njengendlela ukubonakaliswa ukuqaliswa nokuthambekela elimazayo esivela kumuntu. Uma kutholakale izinga kule mikhuba, kuba nokwenzeka ukubikezela ngokunembile kakhulu amathuba umuntu evulekile ubudlova ugqozi. Omunye lezo zinqubo Kuhlolisisa ngokunembile lemibuzo Bass-Darky. Le nqubo kufanele sibe nesithakazelo, yasungulwa ngo-1957 ngu-abacwaningi American, okuyinto yaqanjwa amagama zokugcina.

Isicelo se-indlela Bass-Darky

Ezifundweni angaphandle, lolucwaningo kwakwandile. Baye waqinisekisa linokwethenjelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu nobuqiniso. Futhi umsebenzi wasendlini osebenza lwemibuzo Bass-Darky. Indlela Yokwenza Yasetshenziselwa, ngokukhethekile, SN Yenikolopov ngo-1989. Nokho, phezu amasampula yasekhaya imininingwane yakhona Standardization kungukuthi efakwe ohlwini.

Ososayensi uqaphele ukuthi indlela Bass-Darky ekuxilongeni ulaka e-luhlolo isimo ngeke bavikelwe ezithile ukuhlanekezela ugqozi. Impendulo ixhomeke, isibonelo, ukufakwa endoda ngokwayo, kusukela nenshisekelo nomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba imiphumela incike futhi ngezinga yokuqiniseka ubuhlobo kanye test ngokwengqondo, uma usebenzisa Dark-Bass amasu sitholakele nolaka. Ngakho-ke, imiphumela kufanele ihlolwe ku Hlola kabusha nokwethenjelwa ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ukusetshenziswa yalolu hla lwemibuzo ezikoleni abafundi (kusuka ebangeni 6 nangaphezulu) nothisha kwaba diagnosticity ngempela futhi ezakhayo umsebenzi okunye zokulungisa. Okwamanje, indlela Bass-Darky asetshenziswa kabanzi. Injongo isicelo yayo esisanda kuxoxa ngazo, manje okudingekile ukunquma amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo.

Umahluko phakathi imiqondo ubutha nolaka

A. Bass, ZaseJamaica Ziyavuseleleka kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ezazingaphambi kwayo, uye umahluko nomqondo ubutha nolaka lwabantu. Waqale kuchazwe ngenxa yokuphatheka okwenzeka nokuhlolwa engakhi ngezenzakalo ezithile nabantu elikhuluma, imizwa engakhi. Izindlela cwaningo sonya Bass-Darky kusikisela kwamangqamuzana ka okunhlobonhlobo ubutha nolaka lwabantu. Izinhlobo ukusabela ukuthi ososayensi baye baphawula ngesikhathi esifanayo, kanje.

izinhlobo izimpendulo

1. ubudlova Physical, okungukuthi, ukusetshenziswa omunye umuntu ngokumelene amandla ento edaliwe.

2. ongaqondile ephumayo okuhloswe komunye umuntu noma uma sibhekiswe ubani.

3. ukucasuka, okusho ukuzimisela ukuba yavusa ngesikhathi imizwa kancane negative. Ingase futhi lingachazwa ngokuthi kokumphoxa, ahluthuke.

4. negativism emelela indlela ukuziphatha oppositional. Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kusukela ukumelana yokwenziwa ukulwa nemithetho kanye namasiko.

5. Intukuthelo, okungukuthi, umona noma zondo towards abanye ngezenzo ezithile, ngengqondo noma yangempela.

6. Izinsolo, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka uhla ukunakekelwa kanye ukungabethembi abantu inkolelo yokuthi kusetshenziswe noma uhlelo umonakalo.

7. Omunye ndlela yokusabela - lokulwa ngamazwi. Siwukubonakaliswa yemizwa edikibalisayo kokubili ngokusebenzisa izimpendulo ngamazwi (izinsongo, iziqalekiso), kanye ngokusebenzisa ifomu (ziyanswininiza, ukukhala).

8. wecala simele ezinkolelweni zabantu Kungenzeka ukuthi kuyinto ompofu ngokungalungile wathola. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuzisola wawungathi yibo.

Ukuphelelisa incazelo indlela Bass-Dark, wazi ukuthi lemibuzo yakhiwa izimangalo 75. Kufanele zibe ngaphansi ukuphendula ngokucacile noma "yebo" noma "cha." Ngesisekelo le degree esikalini ka ulaka womuntu. Siphendukela manje indlela yokufaka ukuhumusha imiphumela.

ukuhumusha imiphumela

amasu Icubungula Bass-Darky nobunzima kungekho omkhulu. Imibuzo ilungiselelwe kangangokuthi eyodwa kuphela yokukhulekela ubudlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela ngenxa yendlela entsha yokuzenza Bass-Darky lula ukuhumusha esinye isizathu ukuthi umthelela ukwamukelwa umphakathi ngendaba engathi sína impendulo esiphezulu iba buthakathaka.

Norm ulaka ngokuvumelana Rogovu E. I., - ukubaluleka Inkomba yayo, okuyinto ilingana 21 ± 4. Njengoba ubutha, kufanele kube ububanzi 6,5-7 ± 3. Ukushayela Hvana A. A. kancane more xaka, kodwa akuyona indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukufunda ubudlova ezifana izindlela Bass-Darky. Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela Hvanu A. A. esilandelayo. izikolo Raw, kukora ku esikalini ngasinye, kufanele iphindwe Coefficient. Umgomo wakhe - ukuletha izikolo engamakhulu amagugu esiphezulu esikalini ngasinye, alinikela indlela Bass-Darky ekuxilongeni nolaka.

Nokho, incazelo, akucaci ngokuphelele. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, kuzodingeka ukuba uqonde ukuthi ulaka, okuyinto impahla yomuntu, kanye ubudlova, kuqondwe njengelakhiwe isenzo ukuziphatha kungenziwa ihlaziye kuphela ukuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo bonke sphere isidingo-ugqozi lomuntu. Kungenjalo, imiphumela ingase ibe enganembile. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela (Bass-lwemibuzo Ebumnyameni) isetshenziswa kanye nabanye, ezifana amasu projective (isib Lusher) futhi ubuntu ihlola izimo ezahlukene engqondo (Spielberg, izifuyo).