I amagilebhisi ugula? Isikhutha: ukwelapha izifo, izimbangela zezinkumbulo kanye nokuvinjelwa

Izifo eziningi umvini enamandla okubhubhisa isitshalo noma kakhulu ukunciphisa izici ikhwalithi amajikijolo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulwa nabo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zezifo kabanzi kunazo isikhutha lamagilebhisi. Ukwelashwa yalesi sifo Kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nenqubo ekulweni namagciwane fungal izitshalo.

isifo Plant - phetho isenzo ukutheleleka. Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa amagciwane abangela izifo kungaba pass (ukutheleleka) isitshalo enempilo nezilwanyana ezincane kusukela nesineke. Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezithinta isimo sezulu, inhlabathi izici nezinye nemibandela ukukhula nezitshalo. Ezincane, izinambuzane ingaqala enhlabathini ezindaweni ezilimele zalesi sihlahla noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle sezulu. I esiyingozi kakhulu umndeni Vinogradov kukhona yisinanakazana eziphilayo fungal. Fungal izifo isitshalo esibangelwa amagciwane ayingozi.

Ivikela amagilebhisi: sifo kanye nokwelashwa downy isikhutha

ingozi Special isifo fungal kuyinto ekusakazekeni ngokushesha inani labantu ebaphethe. Bayakwazi lokulimaza ezinkulu isitshalo amasonto amaningana, imivini eyomile 1-2 zonyaka. Izinga ukusabalala kwesifo lincike ohlotsheni ukutheleleka kanye izimo zezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhutha (ukhunta of downy isikhutha) basakazwa nemvula, ngalolo oidium ngenkathi (mushroom amagilebhisi untsinuly) phakathi ukuthuthukiswa liyaphela ngokuphelele imvula.

Izinyathelo ngokumelene isifo kufanele inake nokudlanga ukutheleleka endaweni ezikhulayo. Engxenyeni maphakathi naseningizimu Russia ngokuvamile ogulayo yamagilebhisi isikhutha. Ukwelashwa kwezifo fungal simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• izinyathelo zokuvimbela - sishaye kwemishanguzo elwa fungal, izihlahla amahlumela engadingekile, garter ukususwa umvini amahlamvu onesifo futhi amagatsha, ukususwa ukhula, njll;..
• kanye nokwenziwa ngcono ngemuva wezolimo;
• ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka izitshalo onesifo futhi izithelo - ngokuhlukaniswa.

Isikhutha - esiyingozi kakhulu isifo fungal

Isikhutha - isikhutha, okuyinto lwegciwane kuyinto vitikolya ukhunta plazmopara. Lolu hlobo sifo usongo olukhulu European yamagilebhisi izinhlobo. umzimba ezidlayo kuthinta zonke eziluhlaza umvini: ikhava lezihlahla, izitho vegetative, efihlekile nezithelo.

Ukushaya nemiqumbe futhi amajikijolo, ukhunta ubhubhisa ngokuphelele isivuno. imivini ezibunayo ukumboza bedle ukhunta bome, khona-ke subsidence yayo. Ukuncipha elibukhali endaweni leaf surface kuphazamisa yokuvuthwa kahle izithelo. Berry ezihlabayo iziguli ulahlekelwe umsoco futhi amaswidi enziwe iwayini lazo ukunambitheka omuncu. umvini Sibekezele uvuthwe kabi, it kubathinta kabi ukumelana amakhaza ehlathini ebusika.

Isikhunta, ezithinta lesi sitshalo, ikakhulukazi ithuthuka ngokushesha inflorescences abasha ku peduncles ehlukile noma emikhulu. izindawo onesifo nsundu, zonke esibelethweni kanye inflorescences ukuthi ingezansi lidayizi. Ngaphansi kwethonya ukhunta imvula ngenkuthalo zibhebhetheka abese ebhubhisa isitshalo.

Amagama ukusatshalaliswa isikhutha

ukutheleleka fungal overwinters njengoba ezinhlamvu amaqabunga yamagilebhisi bawa nomhlabathi. Entwasahlobo, lapho phansi buba manzi kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa kugcinwa izinsuku 7-8 ngesikhathi degrees 10, kukhona ukuvuvukala kanye ukuhluma ezinhlamvu fungal.

Lapho endaweni zinomswakama noma ezichibini ezingekho imvula, baqala ngenkuthalo zikhule. Ngo inqubo akha imvelo ephilayo ukuze kwakhiwe zoospores (zoosporangia). Lapho akhiwa le zoospores, iyathwalwa ngumoya ku sezihlahla, ukhunta iqala amagciwane zokuthelela yamagilebhisi downy isikhutha. Ukwelashwa, incazelo isifo kanye nokuvinjelwa yayo sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe.

incazelo isikhutha

Ngokubukeka, ukuthuthukiswa sifo iqala kukhona namabala amancane aphuzi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukumboza wonke endaweni ishidi. Ibonisa ukusabalala kwezifo Akukhona ukubukeka isibhamu ezimhlophe engxenyeni engezansi ishidi kwakhiwa emva kwemvula. amahlamvu elinegciwane phuzi futhi singafi ngokuphelele. Uyasiqaphela isikhutha emvinini singaba izindawo like amachashazi kancane luhlaza sinombala.

Ingozi embi kunazo zonke limelela silwanyana ngoba inflorescences abasha, njengoba kwakheka kwi ezindaweni zawo sporulation we ukhunta. efihlekile Young ngaphansi kwethonya downy isikhutha bayabulawa - amajikijolo amnyama, ukuhwaqabala futhi sidilike. Lokusakaza sifo sima ezomile kushisa, emoyeni lokushisa ngenhla degrees 30.

Imithetho General ukulawula isifo

Uma isikhutha itheleleke amagilebhisi, ukwelashwa wenziwa sishaye zinambuzane, ukubhubhisa foci eyinhloko igciwane. Ngaphambi amagilebhisi iqala eziqhakaza, ezihlabayo olufuthwe nge compounds anti-fungal. Esigabeni esilandelayo sishaye iqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala izimbali futhi ukubonakala amajikijolo amancane (nenkundla ikhanda umdlalo). Cabangela izindlela indlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo ngaphezulu.

Izindlela UKUPHEBEZA isikhutha

Isigaba oyinhloko wenhlangano emzabalazweni wukuqinisekisa izimo ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa isifo. Ukutheleleka, kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa isikhutha, uhlala ezindaweni zokulahla emathafeni, okuyinto Sekuyisikhathi eside imisiwe amaxhaphozi ngemvula, amazolo nenkungu. Isakhiwo umsebenzi agronomic kunengxenye ekwenzeni aeration kangcono izitshalo iphinde ivimbele ekuqongeleleni umswakama ngokweqile eduze imivini.

Njengoba kushiwo, isikhutha ezinhlamvu overwinter emaqabungeni yamagilebhisi liwile. Ngo ekwindla, emva kokuvuna, eshiya ashiswe.

Sishaye imivini ubuthi, obulala isikhunta, - indlela ephumelela kakhulu ukuze alondoloze sokuvuna. Njengomthetho, zenziwa nge-1% ingxube Bordeaux liquid. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo ngowokuqala sishaye isixazululo of 0.5%, ukucutshungulwa okwalandela wenziwa nge okwandisa lokuhlushwa kusuka 0.75% 2%. Okuqukethwe ongaphakeme we ketshezi esebenzayo akukuniki isixazululo amahlamvu ezishile antifungal kanye amahlumela bane-downy isikhutha lamagilebhisi. Ukwelashwa (isithombe ngezansi imibukiso inqubo) kuhilela sishaye imivini ithangi ingxube ukuze zokuvimbela ukutheleleka.

spray Antifungal ingxube amagilebhisi

Kukhona izindlela ezivamile ahlukahlukene nezidakamizwa ukuze silwe downy isikhutha lamagilebhisi. amakhambi Ukwelashwa abantu ngempumelelo njengoba zokuvimbela. Indlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha - fafaza izixazululo equkethe asebenzayo yizici zamakhemikhali. izixazululo Antifungal aqukethe zinc kanye nethusi sulfate. I-ejenti lutholakale kalula kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo Bordeaux uketshezi spray oludakayo.

Izingxube equkethe izingxenye ezehlukahlukene sishaye izitshalo, ngokuthi amathangi. Tank amamiksi ukwelashwa downy isikhutha lamagilebhisi aqukethe ketshezi asebenzayo - zethusi sulphate. Bordeaux ingxube ukumiswa uketshezi siqukethe lime slaked ku lime amanzi nethusi sulfate.

Izici Zabantu ingxenye esebenzayo Bordeaux ingxube

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhambi isezingeni lokuhlushwa ezingaphezu kuka-3% yethusi sulfate uyakwazi ushise ebusweni amahlamvu yamagilebhisi. Main ingxenye zamanje Bordeaux uketshezi isici nokonakala okusheshayo emanzini, ngakho izimvula esikhathini esifushane ingxube zokwelapha lisusiwe kusuka evele emvinini.

Ukuze zethusi isixazululo sulfate eside ngangokunokwenzeka intuba kobuso isitshalo, akumelwe exutshwe namanzi kanye nobisi lime. Lime neutralizes zethusi sulfate esidi ketshezi kuba viscous futhi okunamathelayo. Ukunamathela ku- amahlamvu emvinini, into aphethwe isikhathi eside phezu bedle imvula.

Ukuze balwe ngempumelelo isikhutha lamagilebhisi, ukwelapha kufanele kwenziwe izindlela elenziwe izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Inani abe nezici qualitative kuzo zonke izingxenye.

Ebonisa main esebenzayo ingxenye - zethusi sulfate, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi powder ayiqukethe ukungcola third-party, futhi umbala waso kuxhopha okwesibhakabhaka. Lime isixazululo kokubili amanzi amaningi futhi quicklime. Nokho kungcono ukwenza eqeda kule nqubo ye isixazululo nokulungiselela. It lime svezhegashenoy inikeza adhesion kangcono zomuthi ebusweni amahlamvu yamagilebhisi.

isixazululo ukuphambana Bordeaux ingxube

Zonke amalungiselelo ekwelapheni downy isikhutha e amagilebhisi abe predetermined lokuhlushwa ephephile esemazweni asebenzayo. Ubuningi zethusi sulfate e isixazululo Bordeaux ingxube kungaba isukela 0.5% kuya ku-3%, wokuqukethwe ephakeme asebenzayo amahlamvu izidakamizwa ezishile. Ukuze silungiselele 10 amalitha wokulungiselela nge lokuhlushwa 1% isithako esebenzayo kufanele uthathe 100 g quicklime , futhi okufanayo zethusi sulfate. Kuhlangana wenziwa esitsheni, okuyinto impahla olumelana ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganise akasabeli ne izingxenye yesixazululo. Inketho engcono - ingilazi noma esitsheni sobumba ingamukeleki zisebenzisa iziqukathi lashukumisa noma insimbi.

Ukulungisa ingxube buhlanjululwe ilitha ithusi sulphate amanzi ashisayo. Uma powder siphela, is batheleka isitsha esinye 5 amalitha amanzi abandayo. Endaweni ehlukile, 100 g zokucisha usebenze ukulungele lime, ngemva kwalokho amanzi asele sengezwe nomthamo nosimende ukuze 5 amalitha. Ukulungiswa lime zokuhlunga. Ubisi okuholela lime sengezwe kancane kancane isixazululo zethusi sulfate. Inqubo ngokuhlanganisa izingxenye kuhambisana eshukumisayo njalo.

It nanela ukuthi slurry lime sengezwe isixazululo zethusi sulfate, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Nge ngekulandzelanisa unreduced ukumiswa okuholela kuyoba ayizwakali ekulweni nesikhunta, izingxenye asebenzayo uyowela inzika.

Izici ziphekwe ngendlela efanele ekwakhiweni

Bordeaux isixazululo uketshezi okuyinto zilungiselelwe ngokuhambisana ubuchwepheshe uba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nesakhiwo mucosa, ithobela iminwe. Umbala kungase eyobonisa lokuhlushwa izidakamizwa esebenzayo. Ngokwesibonelo, oluhlaza ubonisa ukuthi ithusi sulphate yengezwe ngo ngokweqile, futhi sishaye amahlamvu ketshezi ezishile amagilebhisi.

Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi downy isikhutha ogulayo? Ukwelashwa: indlela sifeze processing Bordeaux ingxube?

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuphela ezifanelekela ekwelapheni isixazululo asanda walungisa lamagilebhisi. Bordeaux ingxube ngesikhatsi isitoreji ilahlekelwa impahla ewusizo futhi iba ongachemile izimuncagazi fungal.

Uma ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo wembula ukuthi unesifo yamagilebhisi downy isikhutha, ekwelapheni Bordeaux ingxube isixazululo ikhambi elilungile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphekiwe kusho bacwilisa kafushane nail metal. Uma ususa nail, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akayikhokhi imbozwe touch, ikhambi ephephile izitshalo. Ukubukeka okusanhlamvu okuhle phezu nail ukusho mayelana izinga abampofu Bordeaux liquid nokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu isithako esisebenzayo. Kulokhu, kufanele olunye buhlanjululwe ngodaka lwe-lime.

Nokho, ukulimaza amagilebhisi iyakwazi nokuba mbaxa Bordeaux ingxube elungiswe ngokuhambisana ubuchwepheshe, uma sishaye Kwenziwa ngosuku olushisayo ezalandela nezimvula ezinkulu. Ukuze unciphise ingozi ukusha ngesikhathi isitshalo, ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa entathakusa noma ekushoneni kwelanga.

Nokuvinjelwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye fungal amagilebhisi

Umthelela luniketwe linanikhulu lesikhatsi imisebenzi ukuvimbela fungal nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. yesondlo Zokuzivikela Kwenziwa enkathini thu izinkathi zonyaka: entwasahlobo, ihlobo noma ekwindla. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abatshali waphuzisa sezihlahla, usike umvini ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi okuzala, avundise.

Ngaphambi sishaye amagilebhisi udinga ukususa amahlamvu ezilimele, unciphise amahlumela esengeziwe njalo, uyithekeleze induku. Udoti ngesimo amahlamvu onegciwane kanye amahlumela isifo ngempela bashise ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa ukutheleleka.

Ukunakekela amagilebhisi ngaphambi kokuvuna

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ekwelapheni downy isikhutha ku amagilebhisi ngoJulayi. Ehlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuna, abatshali enze sishaye eziyisisekelo sezihlahla. Igrafu ukucutshungulwa isixazululo Bordeaux ingxube - njalo emavikini 3, kusukela ekucaleni July. Sishaye amagilebhisi izidakamizwa antifungal izophela ngesonto lokuqala Agasti futhi hhayi olwenziwa phambi ilungiswe imivini.