I-grenade yokuzivikela yemibhalo «limonka» F-1: incazelo, izici nokubuyekeza

Kukhona izikhali eziningi emhlabeni, okuyinto ngokwawo eyinhle ngempela. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kwikomegranate "limonka", eyaziwa kangcono njenge-F-1 index. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kwakunjalo nje, kanti akusikho okwenzekayo: lolu hlobo lwaluyi-armament ye-Red Army kakade phakathi neMpi Enkulu ye-Patriotic. Ngakho-ke "i-lemonka" yavela nini futhi yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo?

Izici Eziyinhloko

Le grenade ingokwezigaba zezikhali ezizivikelo zokuzivikela. Kulula nje, kuhloswe ukubhubhisa amandla esitha ngezingcezu, ngenxa yemasosha ayisebenzisa ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izindlela ezisizayo zokuphonsa. Ngamafuphi, i-grenade yakudala, isimiso sayo esingazange sishintshe kusukela ngesikhathi se-bombardier esenkazimulo uPeter Alekseevich. Isikhathi sokunciphisa sivela kumasekhondi angu-3.2 kuya kwangu-4.2, impela "inqabile".

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezihlukahlukene ezivikelayo? Leli gama lisho ukuthi ekuqhumeni kukhona inani elikhulu ngokwanele lezingcezu ezinkulu, ezindizayo ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu kunelokuphonsa. Isosha ngemuva kokuphonsa igrenade elinjalo kumele lifinyelele endaweni efihlekile ephephile. Uma kungenjalo, kunamathuba aphezulu yezikhali zakhe ezibhujiswa. Yilokho i-grenade ebizwa ngokuthi "i-lemon".

Ukungafani kwangaphandle

Isici sesici - umzimba we-ribbed, osuselwa ebangeni elikhethekile le-iron cast. Ihlukaniswe zibe izingxenye ezingu-32. Ngokweqile, lokhu kufanele kusho ukuthi ngaphansi kokuqhuma, zonke izingcezu ezifanayo ezingu-32 zakhiwa, kodwa ngokwenza lokhu akuyona njalo indaba. Kanye ne-farnet fuse, "limonka" inesisindo esingu-0.6 kg. I-TNT isebenza njenge- explosive . Isisindo singama-gramu angu-60. I-fuse ibonakala ngokuhambisana kwayo, njengoba ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa nama-grenades RG-41, RG-42, RGD-5. Inkomba yayo yi-UZRGM.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-grenades okulwa nawo aqoshiwe ngendlela eluhlaza, okungaqala ukusuka ku-khaki kuya kumnqumo omnyama. Ukuhluka okuqeqeshwayo kumnyama, kulokhu kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezimhlophe ebusweni be-projectile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igrenade yokuqeqesha "i-lemon" inembobo ezansi. Kubalulekile! I-fuse ayinayo imibala yokubonisa.

I-grenade yokuqeqesha ibonakala ukuthi isheke nayo yonke ingxenye engezansi ye-lemp clamping iqoshwe ngokubomvu. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuba uqeqeshe "i-garnet" (i-grenade) ekulweni, ungasusa i-fuse futhi "fry" icala emlilweni (lizovele lishiswe, ngaphandle kokuqhuma), akudingeki ukhohlwe ngalesi sici uma udala i- "ersatz". Ngaphandle kwalokho, umuntu angakwazi "ukubamba" ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Iphi "limonka" ivelaphi ezweni laseRussia?

Cishe, lesi sibonelo sasiba yi-Milli grenade phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyisikhali esiphambili kakhulu ekilasini. Lokhu kucabangela ngokuqinisekile akusikho okusanhlamvu okuyiqiniso, ngoba ifomu nesimiso somklamo we-shrapnel shirt kuyamangalisa ngokufanayo. Noma kunjalo, kunenye iphuzu lokubuka.

F. Leonidov ukholelwa ukuthi imodeli yaseFrance F-1 (!) Yasebenza njengesibonelo esiqondile somhlangano, owawamukelwa ngo-1915 futhi ... i-grenade yesiNgisi ye-Lemon (enye yezinguqulo ukuthi kungani i-grenade F-1 ibizwa ngokuthi "ijusi lemon"). Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela, akekho ongasifakazela.

Empeleni, lokhu akubalulekile kakhulu, ngoba ukuklanywa kwe-fuse kungokwemvelo, futhi izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe lokukhiqiza lisiko esikoleni samaSoviet. Amasampula amaNgisi nesiFulentshi wezikhathi ze-PMW kunzima nakakhulu ukukhiqiza nokubiza kakhulu.

Izinketho ezahlukene zokudubula

Okokuqala, yayinemfucumfucu, umlobi wayo owawuyiF V. V. Koveshnikov. Ngokomgomo womsebenzi, wawufana ncamashi nesimanje, kodwa wahlukahluka ekukhiqizeni kakhulu. Kodwa impikiswano yayo eyinhloko kwakuwukuthi "idliwe" kuphela yi-grenade yokuzivikela ephethwe ngesandla i-F-1 "limonka".

Ngo-1941, u-Ye. M. Vitseny no- AA Bednyakov badala imodeli ye-UZRG, evumelana nayo yonke amabhomu asekhaya. Lo mklamo uphumelele kakhulu kangangemva kokuba impi, ngaphansi kwegama elithi UZRGM (iguquliwe), yahlala enkonzweni futhi yenziwa kuze kube yilolu suku.

AmaGrenade agcinwa emabhokisini enkuni. Ukupakisha - izicucu ezingu-20 ngalunye. Amaferesi agcinwa endaweni efanayo, kodwa emathini ensimbi (okuvalwa), izingcezu eziyishumi ipakethe ngayinye. Isisindo sesitsha esiphethe kahle siyi-20 kilogram.

Ekuhlakazeni izingcezu kanye nenhlanhla

Kububanzi obuningi bokuthi kunzima ukusho: uma isosha liyinhloko yezemidlalo ekuphonsa i-disc, lingadlula amamitha ayi-100. Umuntu okhuliswe ngokomzimba uzosiphonsa (ngokulinganisa) 30-35 amamitha. Ama-fragments (ngokwenza) avimba cishe ngamamitha angu-30. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukwenza ukucindezeleka okubalulekile.

Cishe yonke imiyalo ithi i-grenade "limonka" "isakaza" izingcezu zamamitha angu-150-200. Lokhu akuyona iphutha elihle ngempela: Ngempela, ezinye "iziqhumane" zingahamba futhi kude. Kodwa akukho mbuzo wendawo yokunqotshwa okuqinisekisiwe kulokhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, izingcezu zisuka kumamitha angaba ngu-200 ukusuka ku-RG-42, abadali babo abangazange baqede amarekhodi anjalo. Lokhu akuyona inkomba. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli emisebenzini yokulwa yangempela kusho ukuthi indawo yokulimala okuqinisekisiwe emayini, amabhomu kanye nokunye okufana "okuhle" cishe ngamamitha angu-35-40, hhayi ngaphezulu. Uma kuqhubeka-ke konke kuxhomeke enhlanhleni ngayinye. Uma ngokuphelele-kunenhlanhla, khona-ke kukhona ithuba nemitha kusuka "ilamula" eqhumekile ukuze uhlale uphila.

Ukusebenzisa okwamanje amabhomu empi

Amasosha ahlangenwe nakho athi ukuphonsa amabhomu - into engenangqondo kakhulu futhi engenakulinganiswa. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi yini engayilindela kuye. Amacala aqoshiwe aphindaphindiwe lapho abantu babhubha khona ngechungechunge le-grenade yabo, ngenkathi isitha ngisho nesishaya abantu abazange baphume. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezintabeni, lapho eqinisweni "i-bayonet" kakhulu, ngoba kwezinye izimo lapho ngisho nokudubula kungaba yingozi.

Yiqiniso, ku-Hollywood amaqhawe ama-movie aphonsa okunye okuhlaselayo (!) "Abakwa-Crackers" bangabhubhisa i-platoon yama-villain ehlanganisiwe. Eqinisweni, i-grenade F-1 "limonka" yokuhlukanisa ingabangela izinkinga eziningi kumuntu owawuphonsa, hhayi kubaphikisi bayo.

Isimangaliso esibhalwe phansi ngempela

Ngo-1987, ebunini lezempi 74292 kwakuyiqiniso langempela, lapho i-F-1 iqhuma ngaphakathi (!) I-T-62 tank. Futhi ama-hatches avuliwe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kwakukhona imithi yokuma "emi," esakhiweni somlawuli wamathangi kwakuyisosha elincane, inendima yamajaji okushaja ayenze isikhundla senkosikazi. Ngakho kunjalo. Umlawuli wamaphoyisa akazange athole noma yimuphi umonakalo, futhi isiqephu esincane sasiwela esandleni sesosha. Kodwa wonke u-tank "wokuthola" wangaphakathi wawugcwele izicucu.

Icala lifana nezinganekwane, kodwa kubhalwe phansi. Ngakho-ke, enethemba lokukhipha i-grenade nayo yonke inkampani yabaphikisi kuyinto engenzi lutho. Esikhathini sezintaba noma sokhuni, isitha (uma okungenani siqeqeshwe) cishe siyokwazi ukuphunyuka ezintweni ezilimazayo zokuqhuma.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa okulungile

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, isosha kumele liguqulwe izibhamu zokuphepha, bese uthatha i-grenade ngendlela yokuthi isandla sisilungiselele ngokuphelele isikebhe sokugxila emzimbeni. Ngaphambi nje kokuphonswa (!), Udinga ukudonsa isheke. Gcina "i-lemonade" kule ndawo isikhathi esingenamkhawulo, ngoba nge-lever ecindezelweyo, i-primer ayiqalisiwe, ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma akukwenzeka.

Ngokushesha lapho ihlombe likhethiwe, kubalulekile ukuphonsa igrenade kuyo ngamandla. I-lever kuleli phuzu izophendulela, ikhulule i-drummer, futhi ibaleke. Umdurmer uqala i-capsule (i-punctures it), futhi ngemizuzwana emithathu noma emine kuyoba khona ukuqhuma.

Uyakhumbula ukuthi la mafilimu abonisa kanjani ngokuphindaphindiwe isiqephu lapho umkhumbi wempi (isosha, uguquko, umbhikishi, njll) ekugcineni, ukudonsa okudabukisayo kudonsa isheke ngamazinyo akhe? Uma unquma ukuphinda le nkohliso, khathazeke ngokuba nodokotela wamazinyo omuhle, ngoba kuzodingeka ushintshe amazinyo akho angaphambili 100%. Ngisho nangesandla sakho, uma izintambo zokulungisa zingaqondwanga, i-feat enjalo ingenziwa kuphela nguSchwarzenegger ebusheni bakhe, ngakho-ke kukhona uhlobo lwamazinyo lapho ... Ngamazwi, ungazami ukukhipha isheke ngale ndlela!

Amathekisthi avela ku-landfill, noma Izibuyekezo mayelana nokusetshenziswa

Abantu abahlukahlukene bawela ebutho lethu. Ezinye "limonka" (igromegranate iyimfundo, kodwa lokhu akuyona into ethintekile ikakhulukazi isimo) kubangele ukwesaba okungalawuleki okwenziwe emgqeni wokudubula kuqala ukudala "ukungcola" okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuboniswa eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu uvalwe ngokuqinile ezandleni zakhe futhi akazwa noma yimaphi ama-oda.

Abanye bayakwazi ukuphonsa isheke ekuhlosweni noma, ukuzulazula ukuphonsa "amaqhawe", ukuqala igrenade imitha nengxenye. Lokhu akusilo umlilo - i-grenade! "Limonka" kuleli cala ayibulali ngempela i-target, kodwa ku-fighter ngokwakhe.

Okumangalisa ukuthi abesifazane besempi baziphatha ngokufanele ngokwengeziwe uma bebhekana nesifundo esinzima. Zigxile, ziphethe futhi zikhuthele. Imizwelo ngalesi sikhathi ayifakwanga nhlobo! Kodwa ngemuva kokuphonswa, bahlanganyela ngokuzithandela nabangani ngokuthi "bahlolisise" futhi "bazama ukuthuthumela podzhalkah."

Izinzuzo ze-F-1

Kungani lesi sikhali, esabonakala empeleni eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, sisasetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana ngamandla kuphela empini yethu, kodwa futhi nasemabuthweni ahlomile kwezinye izifunda zase-USSR zangaphambili? Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zilula, ukukhiqiza nokukhiqiza okuncishisiwe. Inqubo yalokhu yokugcina yayiyinto elula kakhulu: ukukhishwa kwesikhwama kwenziwa, i-TNT encibilikisiwe yabekwa kuyo, yacubungula ...

Futhi i-grenade yayilungile! Qhathanisa lokhu nokukhululwa kwe-RGO efanayo uma usebenzisa insimbi, ipulasitiki, nezinye izinto. "Lomonki" ingaveza noma yikuphi ibhizinisi, okungenani okungenani i-foundry.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo se-grenade siyivumela ukuba sisetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni zasemadolobheni: ukuphonswa ngamandla anele, kuyokwazi ukuhamba kalula ngeglasi, amagatsha, nezinye izithiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhuma akuxhomeki emandleni lapho i-F-1 ihlangana khona. Ingawela esihlahleni, itshe, insimbi, emathunjini noma emfuleni, kodwa konke okufanayo kuyothuthuka (njengomthetho).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-grenade F-1 "limonka" inamandla kakhulu futhi ibulale. Futhi yini enye edingekayo empi? Okumangalisa kakhulu, okuningi. Lezi grenade zinezinkinga.

I-"limonok" cons

Okokuqala, isisindo. Okungaba ngu-0.6 kg! Ezimweni zokulwa lokhu kuyisisindo esibaluleke kakhulu. Okwesibili, isenzo se-fuse "sezulu" esivela ku-3.2 kuya kumasekhondi angu-4.2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusebenza kukhona amasampula njalo angaqhuma kokubili nangesikhathi esengeziwe. Kwesinye ingxenye seTranskaikalia, lesi simo sasiholela ekusizini, lapho i-grenade iqhuma emasekhondini angu-8!

Isosha ngaleso sikhathi selivele selixhomekile ngemuva kwendawo yokukhosela, futhi nje ngethuba lucky akazange akhiphe shrapnel. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni zokulwa, isenzo eside se-fuse singabangela ukuthi isitha esithile "esihlakaniphile" sizovele siphonsa "isipho" esifikile kuye.

Okwesithathu, ayikho inguqulo ye-grenade, eyobe isengozini ngokushesha ngemva kokuxhumana ne-target. Lezi yizibonelo ezibizwa ngokuthi izintaba. E-Afghanistan, lokhu kuye kwaholela ezinkampanini eziphindaphindiwe, lapho igobolondo elilahliwe liqhuma edwaleni futhi libuyela emuva. Konke lokhu kwehluleka kwakungekho emaqenjini e- RGO naseRGN. Kodwa kwakubiza kakhulu futhi kunzima ukukhiqiza, futhi ukukhululwa kwabo kwawa ekuwa kwe-USSR. Ngakho okufanayo "efka" kwahlala kuqaphe.

I-Grrenade "lemonka" F1, enezimfanelo eziningi ezinhle, kunoma yikuphi, iminyaka eminingi izoba sesibhamu sebutho lethu.