Unkulunkulu wengcebo phakathi kwamaGreki. lonkulunkulu basendulo ngesiGreki yengcebo. Onkulunkulu imali, ingcebo futhi sikufisela inhlanhla ku zamaGreki

Ngubani unkulunkulu wengcebo phakathi kwamaGreki? Akanawo eyodwa. WaseGrisi wasendulo Mythology is abatelekile yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi. Sihlanganisa zokuziphatha, izindinganiso zokuziphatha kanye namasiko ezizwe eziningi zaseYurophu. Mythology has a indlela ehlukile yokucabanga, cwaningo zezwe futhi indima yomuntu kwi-ke. Ukuze uthole usizo kuzo zonke emitameni amaGreki asendulo waphenduka konkulunkulu enamandla, eqondisa them kuze dlela kwesokudla futhi darivshim kubo inhlanhla konke. Ubani onkulunkulu ingcebo amaGreki? Kuyinto ngazo futhi kuzoxoxwa ngani esihlokweni.

Isimo Sengqondo nengcebo eGrisi lasendulo

EGrisi lasendulo, kwaba uyangabaza ingcebo: kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukwenza imali lula kunalokho ukuze uthole igama nodumo. Ngo zamaGreki, ngokuvamile kukhona izimo lapho ompofu wabantu wathatha okuqhubekisa Izicukuthwane ocebile, okuyinto babengenalo igunya kanye nenhlonipho ekhona phakathi kwamaGreki. Ngaphambi iGrisi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho yembuso, kuphezulu wanikwa izindawo angaphatheki: imithi, ifilosofi, isayensi kanye nemidlalo.

Kamuva, waqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ezolimo, okuhweba nezentengiselwano. Kulapho onkulunkulu lokuqala uhlelo sekukhona onkulunkulu bamaGreki lasendulo ingcebo, wenzalo Trade: Demeter, Mercury, uHermesi, Plutus.

Okokuqala, amaGreki kutshalwa izitshalo, kodwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba sesiye umsebenzi ezingenanzuzo, futhi abantu engumthengisi waqala ukuhweba isiko, okuyinto ecebile eGreece, - amafutha omnqumo amagilebhisi. Kanye ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba kwaqala ukuvela konkulunkulu ngesiGreki lemali.

Ngo parallel, ithuthukiswe ebugqilini: izigqila adayiswa, umsebenzi wabo lalisetshenziswa izikebhe.

UNkulunkulu Ingcebo amaGreki - Plutus. Nge ukubonakala kwakhe iyaduma uyinto ezifana "imali". Bakhandwa Ukuphathwa ngenhlonipho futhi kuhlonishwe wazama ukusindisa zonke uhlamvu lwemali. inqubomgomo ngamunye ugaye imali yabo futhi ukuhweba aphelela angaphezu Greece. balamuli Ucingo ayezulazula koloni, iminonjana okuyinto etholakale woLwandle Olumnyama, eduze samanje Sevastopol, Kerch futhi Feodosia.

With ukuthuthukiswa komnotho uvele befisa ngubani ukushintsha imali phakathi yamalungu. Basuke ukubhejela isithakazelo, loan futhi amukela imali. I bebhange ayeya omningi, futhi bakwazi ukumsiza ukuba enze kabusha.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, unkulunkulukazi lokuqala olufanele kwandzisa lwati kwaba Demeter.

Demeter

Demeter - omunye nonkulunkulukazi abanethonya elikhulu kakhulu nabahlonishwa yaseGrisi. Kuyinto unkulunkulukazi ingcebo nenzalo. Ukuze kuhlonishwe wakhe kulo lonke izwe laseGrisi babe sigubha nodumo, ikakhulukazi izinyanga zokutshala nokuvuna. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphandle kosizo futhi Demeter ngeke unciphise: Abalimi waphendukela kuye ukuba abasize futhi abanike isibusiso izitshalo, nabesifazane bacelwa ukuba nasekulondolozweni kungenzeka nomntwana. Isici ezithakazelisayo wukuthi Homer ulinakile kancane kakhulu kule unkulunkulukazi: yacishe njalo lahlala izithunzi, ngisho onkulunkulu kangako. Kulesi sisekelo, singaphetha ngokuthi eminyakeni yokuqala, ezinye izindlela of kokucetshiswa wanqoba eGreece abalimi beqhubekela kuqhame kamuva kakhulu, displacing imfuyo zizalela. Indawo unkulunkulukazi wathembisa umlimi osebenza sezulu kanye isivuno ocebile.

Ngokusho yetinsita Demeter waba ngowokuqala ngubani eshayisa ezweni wawuhlwanyela okusanhlamvu. AmaGreki, owabona ke, babeqiniseka ukuthi okusanhlamvu ngeke ziwohloka phansi, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana waya sokuvuna. Demeter afundisa abantu ukuba anakekele futhi sihlakulele okusanhlamvu izitshalo, futhi kamuva wazinika namanye amasiko.

Adventures of Demeter

Demeter - indodakazi Cronus futhi Rhea, intombazane kuphela umndeni. nabafowabo - anamandla eHayidese, Poseidon futhi uZeyusi. Nabafowethu Demeter babenobuhlobo ongaziwa: wayengahambisani Poseidon NeHayidesi zonke uyazondwa. Nge likaZeyusi Demeter kwaba umshado, wanika indodakazi Persephone.

Demeter futhi Persephone - onkulunkulu isiGreki sasendulo isambatho sengcebo wenzalo

Persephone uthethe baton unina waba unkulunkulukazi wenzalo kanye nezolimo. Demeter wayejabula kakhulu indodakazi yakhe eyodwa golden-onezinwele ezimhloshana, wadlula kuye ukuhlakanipha kwakhe. Yena wenza okufanayo unina.

Uma kwenzeka Amazing entabeni Demeter ngashona: indodakazi yakhe yayinezinkinga uthunjiwe. Ngenza lemimoya eHayidese, umfowabo Demeter. Imvume yokwenza njalo wanikela uZeyusi yena, owathembisa ukuthatha indodakazi yakhe abe ngumkakhe.

Engazi Persephone besihamba nabangane bakhe phezu esinendawo eluhlaza, bese bathunjwa umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. Wayecashile Owesifazane ekujuleni komhlaba, futhi kumama owayelusizi ukuba azulazule umhlaba, emfuna. Demeter akazange adle noma aphuze izinyanga eziningana, amadlelo ukuhoxa yomile, futhi indodakazi yakhe akazange abonakale. UZeyusi, Demeter kutjelwa inkontileka, kodwa yena enqaba ukuhlanganyela indodakazi yakhe ayithandayo nomzalwane ababemzonda kusukela ebuntwaneni.

UZeyusi waphenduka waya eHayidese ukubuyela indodakazi kamama, kodwa wavuma ngaphansi kombandela owodwa: okubili kokuthathu ngonyaka Persephone uzochitha nonina wenzalo eyodwa onyakeni lizoshona endaweni yabafileyo, ukugwinya ngaphambi ukuthi imbewu emhlophe. Ngakho amaGreki asendulo wachaza izinkathi nasekuhambeni ukuhlwanyelwa.

Demeter futhi Triptolemus

Triptolemos - futhi unkulunkulu wengcebo phakathi kwamaGreki asendulo kwezempi. Uma nonkulunkulukazi wenzalo wanquma ukudlulisela isipho ukuze indodana yakhe inkosi Elevsina - Triptolemus. Wafundisa kuye yokulima izwe, ayilime futhi wanikeza imbewu zokutshala. Triptolemos kathathu eshayisa evundile oyipharadesi wabaphonsa kakolweni okusanhlamvu.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ezweni yathela isivuno ocebile, obongekayo Demeter yena. Waphelelwa Triptolemus nedlanzana wokusanhlamvu enqoleni imilingo zingasuswa esibhakabhakeni. Wacela kuthisha ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke, befundisa abantu kwezolimo nasekusakazeni okusanhlamvu evundile. Wenza imiyalelo lonkulunkulukazi ngathuthela indlela.

Nomaphi Lapho UNkulunkulu Ingcebo wavakashela (e zamaGreki it is lachazwa ngaleyo ndlela) ngenqola yakhe, welulela insimu isivuno ocebile. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kwaze kwafika naye ISCYTHIA, enkosini yakwa Lyneham. Inkosi yanquma ukuba sithathe zonke okusanhlamvu, futhi inkazimulo Triptolemus yena, kwashona ubasi elele. Demeter ayikwazanga wokuvikela ukufa umsizi wakhe futhi wamsiza ephendukela trot Linh. Wagijima ehlathini, futhi ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ISCYTHIA nhlobo kwesokunxele, futhi unkulunkulu emalini nasengcebweni phakathi kwamaGreki - Triptolemos - waqhubeka nendlela yakhe, bafundisa abantu bona ezolimo kanye nokulima.

Plutus

Kankulunkulu wamaGreki wasendulo basuke bengabangane bengcebo Plutus - indodana ka Demeter futhi titanium Iasion. Ngokwe-izinganekwane ka Demeter futhi Iasion abathandi bazitike isilingo esiqhingini saseKrethe futhi wakhulelwa Ploutos field kathathu-eshayisa. Ukubona umbhangqwana othandanayo, uZeyusi wathukuthela, uyise incinerated Ploutos umbani. Ezemfundo abafana wahlanganyela unkulunkulukazi ukuthula, futhi kunjalo - Eirene, futhi Tyche.

Kukholakala ukuthi Plutus, unkulunkulu wengcebo, iyimpumputhe futhi izipho kubantu nomaphi, ngaphandle kokubheka idatha yabo zangaphandle noma isimo emphakathini. Zokudweba Plutus wathola ingcebo eyaba yisimanga. Bephuphuthekiswe unkulunkulu Jupiter, ngubani wayesaba loko Plutus bayenzelela olubandlululayo e ekwabelaneni umnotho. Ngakho-ke, impumelelo indiza impahla ungakwazi ukubamba abantu ababi nabahle.

Ngo art zibonisa unkulunkulu wengcebo ngesimo ingane nge a Cornucopia ezandleni zakhe. Ngokuvamile, ingane ngezingalo zakhe ophethe unkulunkulukazi ingcebo, noma unkulunkulukazi ukuthula.

Ngokuvamile, Ploutos igama elihlobene Demeter futhi Persephone. Uhamba futhi usiza bonke okhokhelwe sisekele unkulunkulukazi wenzalo.

kankulunkulu wamaGreki basuke bengabangane bengcebo Plutus usanda kwethula lento into efana "okuhle". Abantu baqala ukunakekela izinto ezibonakalayo: wonge imali futhi ukwandisa kubo. Ngaphambili, amaGreki akazange unamathisele ukubaluleka kakhulu ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali, awayona exinwe ngcono izinga lokuphila.

Comedy "Plutus"

Comedy labhalwa futhi senziwe Aristophanes sidilizwa ngesiGreki osomahlaya. Kuleyo ncwadi ngesiGreki unkulunkulu Plutus Umcebo uchazwa ngokuthi umuntu oyimpumputhe omdala, asikwazanga ukusabalalisa kahle ngomnotho. He pha abantu abangathembekile futhi ngidelelekile, ngenxa yalokho ulahlekelwa wonke umcebo wakhe.

Endleleni Plutus kufika yonkana umhlali wase-Athene, esibuyela emehlweni akhe. UNkulunkulu Ingcebo ubona futhi, futhi lokhu kusiza ukuba kufanele umvuzo abantu kokufaneleka yabo. Plutus futhi eba ngocebileyo, ibuyisela nenhlonipho kubantu.

Plutus ku "Divine Comedy"

Plutus, unkulunkulu wengcebo e zamaGreki, wayechazwa enkondlweni "The Divine Comedy" eyabhalwa ngo 1321 Dante Aligeri. Wayengumuntu umlindisango ngesikhathi umbuthano wesine isihogo sikhona nokuthi waba uhlobo idemoni isilwane-like. Walusa Krug Ada, okwakukhona misers, spendthrifts nemiphefumulo abahahayo.

plutocracy

Yokudumisa unkulunkulu wengcebo ingenye nemibuso yezombangazwe iye okuthiwa - plutocracy. Igama elithi laqanjwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni ephawula zohulumeni lapho izinqumo uhulumeni zenziwa hhayi ngentando iningi (abantu), kanye neqembu elincane kwamaqembu oligarchic, okuyizinto umthunzi. Ngakho umthetho wombuso imali endaweni yokuqala, futhi uhulumeni ngokufanele akhethwe uhambisa ngokugcwele kwamaqembu ocebile.

Plutus futhi Pluto: onkulunkulu bamaGreki lasendulo imali, ingcebo nokuchichima

Esikhathini esithile zamaGreki ikhomba lab 'onkulunkulu ababili - Pluto (lemimoya) kanye Plutus (unkulunkulu wengcebo nokuchichima). Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi eHayidesi has amagugu ezingenakubalwa egcinwe ajulile. Futhi, kukhona izinganekwane eziningi lab 'onkulunkulu hlanganani.

Ngokusho more lasendulo izinganekwane eHayidesi - umalume Ploutos, Demeter, unjalo bomfowabo kayise. Kodwa izinganekwane kamuva ke kuthiwa lokhu unkulunkulu oyedwa. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa sifanangwaca amagama abo: Plutus futhi Pluto.

Cornucopia

Liluphawu basuke bengabangane bengcebo engapheli, ezenzeka kusukela ngo izinganekwane yaseGrisi yasendulo. Uphondo kungokwalabo imbuzi Amalthea, okuyinto babezincelisela ubisi wakhe uZeyusi kancane, ecashele uyise Kronos eKrethe.

Kunenye legend ngemvelaphi yayo. Hercules waphenduka uphondo unkulunkulu emfuleni ngesikhathi ukulwa. Wababonisa isihe futhi wabuyela uphondo lomniniyo. Akazange ahlale ezikweletini futhi wanika umhlaba Cornucopia egcwele ingcebo.

Ngo ubuciko, uphawu uboniswa nabokhulumile sibheke phansi ngokusebenzisa imbobo lapho ziqhuma ezihlukahlukene izithelo: izithelo nemifino, ngezinye izikhathi zemali. Ngokuvamile, i-Cornucopia ukuzibamba ingcebo unkulunkulu amaGreki - Plutus. Kwezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye lolu phawu lubonisa unkulunkulukazi ubulungiswa - Themis.

EGrisi lasendulo kubalwa zemali ne umfanekiso Cornucopia ohlangothini reverse. Lokhu kwaba ukuheha ngemali entsha bese zisiza ukugcina izimpahla zabo.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi,-Cornucopia lutho iye yashintshwa yaba le Grail Ongcwele, okuyinto umthombo wokuphila okuphakade nengcebo.

Mercury (Hermes)

Mercury - unkulunkulu wengcebo, ukuhweba, kanye nomvikeli amasela. Yena uchazwa egqoke isigqoko nezimbadada enamaphiko, Wand kanye nokubuyisana nge isikhwama esigcwele igolide.

UNkulunkulu Ingcebo amaGreki Mercury wabolekwa lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma kusukela amaGreki ngemva kokunqotshwa yabo. AmaGreki asendulo ngokuthi Mercury Hermes. Kwaba ekuqaleni unkulunkulu izinkomo kanye nezinkomo. Ngo ezinsukwini zikaHomer, waba umlamuleli phakathi konkulunkulu. Yilokho lapho efika amaphiko izimbadada zakhe kanye nesigqoko sokuzivikela, ukuhambisa ngokushesha, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Wayenezingane induku nokubuyisana zegolide, ngosizo kwalo ukuze zixazulule izingxabano futhi izingxabano.

Nge ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo, waba ongumvikeli isinkwa notshwele, futhi kamuva, lapho ngentshiseko nobudlelwano emakethe - unkulunkulu commerce nomvikeli bathengisi. Kuvulwe kuye usizo lokuhlenga, ukuthengiselana kwezohwebo kanye ngempahla.

Kukholakala ukuthi Hermes, kankulunkulu wamaGreki ingcebo, wanika amaGreki izinombolo futhi ufunde ukuzibala. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, abantu esakhokhwa iso, ngaphandle nokunaka khulu kakhulu inani lemali.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile futhi, Hermes kwaba umxhasi bamasela; yena ivezwe uphethe isikhwama esandleni sakhe, noma nge ziboshelwe izandla eduze Apollo - ireferensi ukweba.

Lapho amaRoma enqoba Greece, bacela sikankulunkulu uHermesi, ekuqambeni kabusha ke Mercury. Kuzo, kwaba unkulunkulu ukuchuma, sitfutfukise lwati kubafundzi, futhi ukuhweba inzuzo.

Namuhla umfanekiso Mercury zingatholakala ku amaphosta amabhange, ezinkulu zokuhweba amafemu kanye endalini Ukuhwebelana.

King Midas negolide

Ngo zamaGreki, Midas wayeyinkosi laseFrigiya elisegqumeni. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wayazi kuzoba yindoda elicebile nelingubhongoza: waveza lokhu naphezu kwazo zonke izibonakaliso ikusasa. Ngisho izintuthwane okuncane kuye kwaletha imbewu futhi uwafake emlonyeni wakhe.

Uma bephethe Silenus Midas kwaba - umfundisi Dionysus. Walahlekelwa emahlathini, lapho Dionysus wahola ibutho lakhe ngokusebenzisa naseFrigiya. King Midas wabona kwayo wathela iwayini izenze ukusakazwa, edabula ihlathi. Silenus angiphuzanga manzi exutshwe newayini, waphuza ngokushesha. Njengoba ingakwazi ukuphuma ehlathini, lapho bazulazula okwesikhathi eside kuso kuze Midas wakhe wahlangana wathatha Dionysus.

Dionysus Happy ahlinzekwa Midas isiphi isifiso ukucabanga. Wafisa le "touch osemqoka": ukuthi konke akuthintayo ngesandla sakhe, waba segolide.

Dionysus ililalele isicelo enkosini, futhi wenza umkhosi omuhle kakhulu, itafula embozwe iziphuzo ehlukahlukene ukudla. Kodwa etafuleni, waqaphela ukuthi wayezokufa yokoma nendlala, ngoba ukudla neziphuzo e izandla zayo zaba igolide.

Inkosi uphuthunyiswe Dionysus ngesicelo ukuphuca kuye isipho sakhe, futhi wayala ukuba emfuleni ukwohlamba Pactolus. Midas ilahlekelwe ikhono ukuze ujike konke waba igolide, futhi umfula waba segolide.

Esikhathini sethu, inkulumo ethi "Midas touch" kusho ikhono ngokushesha ukwenza imali "aphume Umoya-mpilo omncane" futhi uphumelele kukho konke emizamweni yakho.

Kairos

Kairos - unkulunkulu lihlonishwa amaGreki asendulo. Wayengumuntu ube ngumsizi wabaningi, ithuba - isikhashana elijabulisayo okuyinto anganikeza inhlanhla nokuchuma, uma isikhathi layo lokuqonda. Uhlala endaweni ethile eduze Chronos - the ongumvikeli ukulandelana kwesikhathi. Kodwa ngokungafani Chronos Kratos kunzima kakhulu ukuthola futhi ukubamba: kuphela ebonakala isikhashana bese kweso iphele.

AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi Kairos ungase umbonise ukuba okwamanje ujabule lapho inhlanhla ngeke smile kubo, nawonkulunkulu uyomsekela zonke emizamweni yakho.

Nkulunkulu buthule futhi ngokushesha ukuhambisa ebantwini abavamile abhekane nazo naye ubuso nobuso - a rarity, futhi sikufisela inhlanhla. Kuleli qophelo, into esemqoka - musa ulahleke, ubambe Kairos okwesikhathi forelock eside futhi ucele isiphetho konke ofuna. Ulahlekelwa ithuba - ngesono esikhulu, ngoba kunikezwa kanye kuphela endaweni esaphila.

Kairos okubonisa womfanyana enamaphiko ngemuva emuva nezimbadada. Ekhanda lakhe - nezinwele ezinde segolide eside, ezingenza zama sibambisise of. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe Kairos - izikali, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuthi ilungile bese uthumela inhlanhla kulabo abasebenza kanzima futhi ufuna ukuba uphumelele.

Tyche

Ngo zamaGreki, unkulunkulukazi sikufisela inhlanhla, inhlanhla, kanye umvikeli lomcimbi. Tyche - indodakazi asolwandle nasemachibini Tetii (unina onkulunkulu nomvikeli yonke imifula).

Tyche kwaba ubuNkulunkulu yokuzinikela, lapho abantu abavamile ezinyakaziswayo ukholo onkulunkulu futhi ikhono lazo. AmaGreki asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi Tyche esihambisana abantu kusukela ekuzalweni futhi ukuphila kwabo konke. Amadolobha amaningi kubhekwa Tyche umvikeli wakhe, ngomfanekiso wakhe ezinhlamvini zemali kubalwa, futhi esifanekisweni wakhe ehlotshisiwe ekhaya.

Bona kuvezwa unkulunkulukazi ku umqhele kanye izimfanelo eziyisisekelo: isondo (wakubonakalisa wobuphixiphixi fortune, kungakho inkulumo ethi "isondo fortune") kanye Cornucopia. Ngokuvamile Tyche egcina Ploutos encane - unkulunkulu wengcebo, okuyinto eyakuletha esiqhingini saseKrethe ekusithekeni bakhe uyise uZeyusi.

eshisiwe

Lapho amaRoma enqoba Greece, bamukela unkulunkulukazi Tyche ngokuthi imali eshisiwe. Kuyinto unkulunkulukazi eshisiwe, injabulo, ukuchuma nempumelelo.

Ngokusho izinganekwane eshisiwe off kwamaphiko aso, wafika eRoma, futhi uye wathembisa ukwenza uhlale khona kuze kube phakade. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ihlelo Fortune yasungulwa ngokushesha, eclipsing abanye onkulunkulu. Wasibonga ukuthumela sikufisela inhlanhla, ngisho ukwehluleka kanye nosizi. Futhi wambiza izibulo, ujabule, unomusa nesihe. Zonke izingane nabancelayo nilinikele, touch wakhe enquma isiphetho ndoda.

Kamuva, lapho izisekelo kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi ka kancane kancane waqala ukuwa, le Unkulunkulukazi Fortune waba umvikeli we ikhaya, uthando futhi umkhaya ujabule ngoba kwabesifazane nabesilisa.

Fortuna luhlobise zemali yamaRoma kodwa art ifanekiselwa owesifazane Cornucopia ehlombe lakhe, okuyindawo ziqhuma ingcebo - izithelo, imifino kanye igolide. Ngezinye izikhathi yena ayephatha inqola noma wema Iminsalo umkhumbi. Lokhu kwakufanekisela wobuphixiphixi ukudalelwa.

onkulunkulu abaningi yesiGreki ingcebo nempumelelo kube yilolu suku bahlala izinganekwane. Ingabe kukhona uhlamvu iqiniso noma izinganekwane njalo inganekwane? Wonke umuntu umbono wabo siqu kule ndaba. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyathakazelisa futhi ulwazi.