Izindaba UmphakathiInqubomgomo

I izinhlobo zezimiso party. Party uhlelo - kuyinto ...

Party uhlelo - iqoqo amaqembu athile futhi ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo. Ngamunye ezweni elisathuthuka kuyinto esivela wezombusazwe, eyasungulwa eminyaka. Namuhla kukhona izinhlobo eziningana izinhlelo zangaphandle. Ngumuphi kubo esivamile-Russia yesimanje, futhi kungani injalo ngokomlando - imibuzo abacwaningi Namanje ngifuna izimpendulo.

Amaphathi futhi izinhlelo party

New iqembu lezombusazwe libonakala ukwanelisa izithakazelo kwezakhi ezehlukene emphakathini. Inombolo yabo ingumfanekiso degree of heterogeneity kwezomnotho yokungakholelwa izintshisekelo. Kukhula degree of heterogeneity, ngakho consequently amaqembu ngaphezulu isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Ngamunye wabo ihlangabezana nezidingo ingxenye ethile sabantu. Isikhundla amaqembu sezombangazwe, ubunjalo ekusebenzelaneni kwabo, kanye nohlobo yabo ukudala ukuhlelwa okukhethekile sesifunda ngamunye, okungukuthi uhlelo party evumelekile. Ngalinye libhekene Amandla ayo.

I izinhlobo zezimiso party kungaba:

  • iqembu elilodwa;
  • bipartisan;
  • maningi.

uhlelo eyodwa yangaphandle

Isibonakaliso eyinhloko umusa ayitholwa elilodwa party in the state. Ukuba khona uhlelo iqembu elilodwa kungenzeka ngendlela wobushiqela noma umbuso kobushiqela.

izinhlelo ezinjalo zivame ihlukaniswe okwengeziwe ku izinhlobo ezimbili. Eyokuqala - empeleni uhlelo iqembu elilodwa, okungukuthi inhloko yezwe kuwufanele ngempela yinhlangano eyodwa, olawula zonke izinto. Eyesibili uhlobo - esisemthethweni uhlelo multi-party. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi, naphezu khona amaqembu amaningana, bonke dlakathi fanele kuze eyodwa kuphela, ubizwa ngokuthi hegemon.

Party uhlelo eMpumalanga Yurophu basonta lolu hlobo kuze 1990. Okwamanje, Nokho, kuyinto ejwayelekile eChina, ngaphezu elibusayo Communist Party, ezisebenza abanye abayisishiyagalombili.

bipartisanship

The main uphawu - umncintiswano njalo phakathi kwala maqembu womabili ezinkulu zezombangazwe, kokubusa kwawo enye. Esimisweni ezifana lonke alikho isisindo abalulekile zezombusazwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe zonke izihlalo ePhalamende uthola zamaphini amaqembu amabili, okuyinto bathola ngaphezulu okuthandwayo. Uhlelo ezimbili eceleni akudali umfelandawonye, ngoba umuntu ngamunye ngokwako ezinjalo. Laba bameleli be-main abakhuluma isiNgisi amazwe - United States nelase-United Kingdom.

uhlelo 2,5 yangaphandle

Lolu hlobo ayibonwa ngokusemthethweni, ngoba kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, kodwa iphuzu ezincwadini buka, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ngakho. He is okuthile isiphambano phakathi ezimbili yangaphandle uhlelo multi-party. Kuzibonakalisa umcimbi lowo neither we amaqembu amabili ukuncintisana abakwazi ukuthola inombolo edingekayo amavoti, isibonelo, umuntu ethola 43%, kanye nomunye - 47%. Ukuze ukwakheka uhulumeni kuyadingeka 50% plus nevoti elilodwa.

Kulokhu, amaphesenti olahlekile zithathwa ezisuka ongabalulekile, okuyinto ngabo bazokwazi ukuthola amandla abalulekile.

maningi

Umehluko omkhulu yilona umncintiswano amaqembu amaningana. Ngokuhambisana inombolo yabo angawodwa party izinhlelo ungamele (3-5) kanye ngokwedlulele (6 noma ngaphezulu) sebuningini. Kodwa akekho omunye wabo akayedwa ngamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amaqembu amaningana bamunye umfelandawonye. Kuyadingeka umsebenzi intraparliamentary futhi ibhodi iyonke. Uhlelo party Russia yesimanje kungokwalabo zalolu hlobo.

Okunhlobonhlobo uhlelo multi-party

Kuye ukusebenza amaqembu ezikhonjwe eziningana zezinto eziphilayo.

  1. A maningi ngaphandle party obusa. Kulesi hlobo akukho qembu ine iningi ngokuphelele. Phakathi kumiswa uhulumeni, izinhlangano eziningana hlanganani ngokwakha umbimbi nezinye futhi coalitions.
  2. Uhlelo multi-party nge ephathini evelele. Ngakho, ngenye inhlangano (noma kungenzeka union) kube umholi in the kwezepolitiki.
  3. Bloc Uhlelo party. Lokhu sifana bipartizm ngenxa yokuthi izinhlaka ezithintekayo ukuthi bamunye amabhlogo, okuyinto bancintisane.

Typology amasistimu party

Ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa komlando ngenye inhlangano kwamiswa isimo esifanayo, kwenye - ezimbili eyesithathu - ezintathu nokuningi. Kuye Ukwakheka ekilasini sabantu, amasiko zomlando namasiko zezombusazwe, Ukwakheka kazwelonke eyakhiwe noma ukuthi uhlelo party. Lokhu kungenxa izici eziningi ezinomthelela inqubomgomo isimo.

Beqhutshwa emphakathini kwepulanka linye party njalo uxhumane hhayi ebiyelwe off kusuka komunye nomunye. Bathatha izinqumo kazwelonke sinomthelela umphakathi.

Abaningana kulaba amaqembu, ubunjalo nobuhlobo babo omunye nomunye, nokuxhumana isimo noma ezinye izinhlangano zezombusazwe isimiso sezombusazwe khona.

I izinhlobo zezimiso zangaphandle akunqunywa indlela luyingxenye arithmetical, okungukuthi, iqembu elilodwa - ngenye inhlangano, ezimbili-party - amabili multi-party - eningi. Kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi iqoqo izimpawu ezithile. Iziqu isimiso sezombangazwe siqukethe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko:

  • inani imidlalo;
  • ukuba khona noma ukungabi iqembu ovelele, umfelandawonye;
  • ezingeni wokuncintisana phakathi kwezinhlangano.

isimiso sezombangazwe Party

Amandla sizalwa nawo mode ngamunye ethize. kwakhiwa inqubomgomo ISifundazwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Party uhlelo - kuyinto umqondo ubudlelwano ephelele phakathi kwabantu, amayunithi futhi izinhlangano, ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwabo, nokubambisana, noma Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mncintiswano ukuqaliswa amandla.

Kuze kube yimanje, ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene kukhona inqwaba amaqembu ukuthi nezimfuno zawo wonke amaseli emphakathini. Ngoba lokhu ukwehluka ivumela noma ngubani ukuba bayazikhethela esiteshini sokuvotela.

Amaphathi futhi izinhlelo party akhiwa ngenxa ekusebenzelaneni kwabo futhi isimo in the kwezepolitiki. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu uhlobo amaqembu ngokwabo. nethonya elikhulu ine umtsetfo lokhona, umthethosisekelo nemithetho yokhetho. isimo ngasinye inohlelo ezithile zangaphandle. Iyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma isiphi isimo. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela izinhlobo zalezi zinhlelo futhi ubunjalo amaqembu.

Kunezici eziningana ezithinta kumiswa isimo sezombusazwe ezweni isimo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • ukuvuthwa ezindabeni zezombangazwe zomphakathi;
  • ezingeni ukwazi zezombusazwe;
  • isakhiwo kazwelonke;
  • ukubukwa emphakathini wenkolo;
  • isici kwamasiko;
  • amasiko zomlando;
  • ekwakhiweni ezenhlalo kanye ekilasini.

Modern party izinhlelo kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe - kuwumphumela amakhulu eminyaka ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano zomlando.

Imisebenzi ye amaqembu

In the kwezepolitiki, kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthola umhlabathi ophakathi, ngakho labantu kuthatha ongakhetha eziningana, phakathi ngalo uzokwazi wenze isinqumo sakho. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kukhona lenqwaba zabasebenzi, izinhlangano kanye amabhlogo.

Kuye izingxenye ezidingekayo of social futhi ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe zanamuhla umphakathi party ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile.

Esokuqala futhi eyisisekelo kuzomele sifake ummeleli. Umele izindaba amaqembu elithile emphakathini. Kwamanye amazwe, inani elifanayo tigaba ngamakhasimende amaqembu ezombusazwe.

Umsebenzi yesibili sotsializatorskaya. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba bahlanganyele eziningi amalungu ayo noma abasekeli ingxenye labantu.

Abacwaningi lwesithathu attribute umsebenzi yekuchumana. Injongo yalo iwukuba zinobuhlobo lwabavoti, le izinhlangano zezombusazwe umphakathi kanye nezinye, inhlangano ebusayo, izimbangi. Inhlangano Party kufanele aqondiswe umbono womphakathi, ngakho lesi sici kubaluleke kakhulu.

Okwesine - ngemibono. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa. PR, ukukhangisa, umkhankaso ukwakha lezombusazwe ngokuwina.

Futhi umsebenzi yesihlanu - lwenhlangano zezombusazwe. Eqakathekileko iyona ukukhethwa abantu, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlonipho Izishoshovu okhethweni, babanike imigomo efanele yomsebenzi futhi iqhaza yabenza emzabalazweni.

Isimo e-Russia

Uhlelo party Russia yesimanje waqala lasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le enkundleni, uquqaba lwezingelosi imifelandawonye entsha, kepha kwakukhona nalabo ukuthi kwamiswa futhi athuthukiswe kanye indaba.

Russian uhlelo party is a multi-party. Nokho, theorists, abacwaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi uhlelo multi-beqembu amorphous engazinzile. Belingana amaqembu owaziwa futhi zithandwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokhetho, entsha, bese ngokushesha zinyamalale. Kukhona sebuningini amabhlogo kabani Uhlelo musa ihluke nomunye. Ngenxa yalesi labavoti asakazeke, okwenza ekukhetheni okubi.

Nokho, Russian Federation ngenxa UmThethosisekelo kanye nemithetho yamanje ihamba kude lokhu kuthambekela. Ngakho, ngo- ukhetho kuya Duma State ngo-1995 salotshwa amaningi njengoba 43 izinhlangano zezombusazwe. Ngo-1999 - kakade 26, futhi ngo-2003, ngisho kancane - 22 Party. Minyaka yonke, kule nombolo incipha.

Russian uhlelo party ilawulwa imithetho, izidingo eziyisisekelo ebekwe yonke eMthethweni? "Ngakolunye amaqembu ezombusazwe". Ngalesi ngcono isaziso ohlelweni.

Ngaphansi komthetho, iqembu ngalinye kumele babe abantu okungenani eziyinkulungwane 50, kufanele kube ubuncane izinhlangano lesifunda 50 izifunda of Russia, ngalinye elikwazi ifanele ibe okungenani amalungu angu-100. Ukwandiswa mngcele nothango edlulisa Duma. Ngaphambili, izinhlangano Bekulindeleke 5% wamavoti labavoti, manje - okungenani 7%.

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