I kwabantu ngokhonkolo

Ukhonkolo kuyinto yokwakha yokufakelwa, itholakala nge ekubumbeni futhi solidification okwalandela enomqondo ezikhethiwe kanye ingxube ohlangene. Siqukethe usimende noma ezinye izinto esibophezelayo, kanye lokubolekwa esihle futhi indawo ne ukwengeza amanzi. Kwezinye izimo, lapho ekhethekile kudingeka kwabantu ngokhonkolo, isibonelo, i-asphalt ubuchwepheshe ukhonkolo, amanzi wanezela, futhi ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo ekhethekile.

zako ezisemqoka yilezi imvelo, kanye ukutholakala isisekelo omkhulu eluhlaza impahla. Kungenzeka ukusisebenzisa ezimweni yokusebenza ehlukile. It kungenziwa ngokuthi izinto ezahlukene ukuthi isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izindawo futhi imikhakha yezokwakha. Kuyinto amakhemikhali futhi ezimelana nokushisa, umsindo-eheha ingqondo futhi akusho ukuqhuba emisebeni yenuzi.

Ukuxuba esihlabathini, usimende, amanzi kanye amatshe ivumela ukuthola kwabantu wayefisa ukhonkolo. Isilinganiso kuzoncika okuqukethwe umswakama isihlabathi futhi amatshe, usimende grade bese kukhishwa nezingxenyana. Kwezinye izimo, sizothinta lemali kanye nokwakheka izithasiselo :. imithi exosha amanzi, plasticizers, njll Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze uthole kwabantu M200 ukhonkolo, wasebenzisa usimende grade 400.

Omunye isici esibalulekile le nto amanzi-usimende isilinganiso. Kukhona kwencika oqondile yamanzi / usimende. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana aphansi isilinganiso, namandla ukhonkolo. A impahla kokuba kwabantu 200, inobungako eside (okungukuthi yayo kuphela "inetha"). It ifinyelela 2400 kg / M3. Lena kakhulu ukhonkolo izakhiwo umthwalo eziveza, amakholomu, ezivundlile, njll Inani kakhulu elincane lamanzi kwabantu ukhonkolo kuphezulu futhi has a plasticity ongaphakeme. Isetshenziselwa ngesisekelo imishini, indawo izimpumputhe endlini nokunye.

Kukhona eyodwa iphutha ukuthi ngokuvamile ukwenza lapho ukuxuba ikhambi. Imboni wezandla ngokuvamile ukungezwa isamba ngokweqile amanzi, okuyinto kunciphisa kwabantu eziphathekako kwandisa ukuhamba alo. Lokhu-ke kunciphisa kakhulu amandla ayo.

Ukhonkolo has ngezigaba zayo, okuyinto kwenziwa ngenhloso, izinhlobo fillers futhi binders, izimo elapha, futhi isakhiwo yayo. Ngu aphoyintimenti, ungakhetha (ukwakhiwa komgwaqo, zihlale zifudumele, Hydro kanye ubuciko evamile (ezakhiweni civil nezezimboni) futhi okhethekile umsebenzi) ukhonkolo.

Ngu uhlobo isibopho kuba ukhonkolo, silicate, usimende, shlakoshchelochnyh (i-asphalt, noma polimernbeton plasto-). Izindlela lokubolekwa yayo nawo ezahlukene: ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, aminyene futhi ethize, futhi ekuqukethe - Skinny, amafutha kanye lezimpahla. Futhi, isimo sawo kungaba ukhonkolo obukhulu, ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, lezinyosi futhi Pore ezinkulu. izimo elapha Ulandela: zemvelo, umusi elapha ngaphansi umfutho womoya noma autoclave.

Inkomba esemqoka kule izici ngokhonkolo - ungamandla yayo compressive. Kuchaza ekilasini ukhonkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, kwabantu B25 ukhonkolo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi 95% alesi sigaba ukujamelana a ingcindezi 25 MPA. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana incwadi "B", futhi izibalo zibonisa ingcindezi olungamelana aphathekako megapascals. Ukubala inkomba amandla-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele izici zokulawula amandla compressive. Kuyinto efanelekayo ukhonkolo ukuminyana B25. Ubudala ngokhonkolo ngokuya ekilasini yayo, izonqunywa amandla compressive nezingxabano Axial, okuyinto babelwe komunye esigabeni design. Ziyabhekelelwa izindlela okungenzeka ukwakhiwa kanye nomklamo imithwalo isakhiwo nemibandela ukuqina ukhonkolo.

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo 25 ilungele slabs phansi, nezisekelo eziqinile, imiganu nezitsha. Lokhu kwaziswa njalo kunazo esetshenziswa ngalezi zinhloso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa okunjalo abakhi impahla kanye nezinye izakhiwo obhekene lapho uya khona. inhlanganiso obuphathekayo 25 kuqinisekisa eliphezulu izakhiwo siphelile, inqobo yebo ukuthi umkhiqizo uthenge okuhambisana ngokugcwele nezimiso ishicilelwe.