Izinombolo Arabhu. Umsuka, ukubaluleka

Izinombolo Arabic - kuyinto izimpawu eziyishumi zezibalo ngu erekhoda iyiphi inombolo. Babukeka kanje: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Lezi zinombolo uvele eYurophu emashumini eminyaka X-XI. Namuhla, emazweni amaningi zisebenzisa zesi-Arabhu ukurekhoda inani abaqashwe idesimali inombolo system. Umsuka zesi-Arabhu Namanje hhayi indlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi netinombolo Arabhu beza kithi evela eNdiya ku V leminyaka BC, kodwa baba ngiyabonga okwandile isazi esidumile Arab al-Khwarizmi, okuyinto kabanzi yawenza kubo. Lokhu usosayensi edumile emhlabeni wonke kwaba nombhali indatshana "Kitab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala". Yilokho igama lo mbhalo, futhi kwakungekho igama elithi "algebra", egcwele hhayi nje eside, kodwa isayensi, ngaphandle okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngokuphila kwethu.

Netinombolo Arabhu sasizazisa ngu abakhileyo emazweni amaSulumane nezazi elicwengiwe. Mayelana amahlanu eminyaka, lezi zinombolo ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ama-Arabhu. Ngosizo lwabo, ososayensi medieval baye bakwazi athole impumelelo enkulu algebra, izibalo kanye nezinye wesayensi ngqo, ngenkathi iYurophu selingene shí ukungazi obscurantism.

Umsuka zesi-Arabhu eYurophu ngenxa yokuthi ensimini ka iSpain namuhla Bahlala ezimbili uthi - Barcelona County Christian kanye Muslim sompristi of Cordoba. Sylvester II, umholi wangaphambilini we-Christian Church lisuka 999 kuya 1003, kwaba indoda ethile efundile ngokungavamile futhi sesayensi oluvelele. Wakwazi ukuthola abaMhlophe ukufeza ama-Arabhu bokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nezibalo. Ngisho njengoba indela elula, wayekwazi ukungena Arab izincwadi zesayensi kanye azibhala. Sylvester II wamnaka lula ukusetshenziswa zesi-Arabhu futhi waqala uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela ukuthuthukisa kubo e-Europe. ngokushesha Lo muntu okungavamile wamnaka izinzuzo eside ukuthi zesi-Arabhu kuqhathaniswa WamaRoma, kabanzi lezo zinsuku 'ngo-Europe.

Hhayi nje izakhamuzi amazwe aseYurophu kulinganiselwa echichima ukubaluleka yesayensi lolu lwazi. Kwathatha ezintathu kulabo izinombolo eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa futhi baye bayinqoba ukuqashelwa jikelele. Kodwa ngemva izibalo Arab eyenzeke yabo Europe ephakathi, lo ekuseni Renaissance. Ngokwethulwa zesi-Arabhu basungula mathematics ne-physics, isayensi yezinkanyezi nokuma kwezwe. isayensi European has a sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ezinkulu nentuthuko eyengeziwe.

Kungani zesi-Arabhu uphawu? Kukhona umbono ukuthi akhiwe umugqa izingxenye ngqo, futhi isibalo emakhoneni kuyafana sibalo uqobo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-zero ayinakho emakhoneni, nge nokuloba sokuqhafaza izibalo 1 - eyodwa ekhoneni 2 - siqukethe engeli amabili, njll Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-engeli nezinombolo atholwe eshelelayo ifomu evamile wamanje ... Yiqiniso, i-mbono ezithakazelisayo, kodwa akuyona iqiniso eliphelele.

On umbuzo indlela abantu beveza zesi-Arabhu, impendulo akulula. Ososayensi oyikholelwayo ukuthi, cishe, basuke ngokubhala ku-Arabhu evela eNdiya, lapho uphawu kufana kakhulu izibalo yesimanje. Kungenxa yomculo wase-India e V-IX eminyaka, ososayensi bathole amarekhodi ukubonakala kwakhe efana izibalo yesimanje.

Kanjani izibalo Indian aguqulwe Arabhu? Arab emva kokuwa koMbuso waseRoma ku BC V leminyaka. e. uye wakwenza ihwebelana India kanye kanye neziqholo, izinongo namatshe ayigugu alethwe izibalo entsha, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi Arab ngemva kokuba elicwengisiswe futhi yawenza by ama-Arabhu. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo ukuthi abantu beveza zesi-Arabhu, namanje evulekile.