Yefilakisi Kukushkin: isakhiwo nokukhiqizwa

yefilakisi Kukushkin - isitshalo okungukuthi endaweni WaseRussia ivamile emahlathini bands enyakatho futhi phakathi. izimo esihle sakho zenzeka Boreal ixhaphozi-dolgomoshnikah amahlathi, emaxhaphozini nezimfunda ezimanzi. Lesi sitshalo kungokwalabo uhlobo lwe of moss, ukuze uMnyango bryophytes. Emhlabeni itholakala abangaphezu kwekhulu izinhlobo zalo. Kukushkin yefilakisi, okuyinto yakha Turf pincushion, ngokuvamile atholakala emathafeni futhi ezinkangala. I kabanzi kunazo emazweni CIS kwaba politrihum abavamile (igama lesibili zalesi sihlahla).

ukubaluleka Omkhulu kwelanga

yefilakisi Kukushkin othanda kakhulu ukukhanya. Yingakho ebumnyameni sonwele amahlathi, ngisho noma inhlabathi olumanzi kanye evundile lapho, ke kuyokwenziwa kuphela ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka. Lapho imali eyanele elangeni lesi sitshalo ngokushesha welulela, ngenkuthalo badlulela ezindaweni ezintsha kanye lokuvala umata aminyene inhlabathi. Land ngaphansi Kukushkin yefilakisi bome kancane kakhulu, yingakho ukwanda kwezindawo zayo kancane kancane kuholela waterlogging izindawo.

incazelo

Moss Kukushkin yefilakisi has a ubude kunalokho sifanamsindvo (ubude babo - 10-15 cm, kodwa kukhona sorokasantimetrovye izitshalo). Uhlelo conductive inikeza ukunyakaza amanzi nezakhi ngokusebenzisa Isiqu.

Umsuka kwegama

isitshalo Kuchazwe uye ngqo sifanamsindvo umbala sinombala. Ziyakwazi amaqabunga ezincane green amnyama ngombala, efana yefilakisi yesikhumbuzo. Kodwa amabhokisi ukuthi ivele izitshalo zesifazane, zivuse izinhlangano kanye cuckoo, ikhona uhlobo isigxobo.

Ukwakheka Kukushkin yefilakisi

Kubhekwe isitshalo kungokwalabo kweminyaka eminingi esinezimila wona. Ubukhulu balo makhulu, engxenyeni engezansi stem kukhona rhizoids - bakudala impande analogue. Esikhathini eyinhloko ovundlile stem amahlamvu akukho. stem yesibili kungaba lula noma branched. He is ngilimise, ubude naphakathi - ngaphakathi amasentimitha ayishumi nanhlanu. ishidi ngamunye has umthambo omkhulu main. Kukushkin yefilakisi, okuyinto isakhiwo esilula ngokwanele, has a amahlamvu isikali-like aphansi.

stem umsebenzi

Iqhaza main yaleli ingxenye isitshalo - esindayo. Okubaluleke njengakho ikhono beqhuba stem. Kusebenza njengomnyombo umxhumanisi phakathi amaqabunga ohlelweni impande. Stem wenza abanye imisebenzi yesibili. Phakathi kwabo - kulondolozwe reserve izakhamzimba.

Lokuzaliswa nokuthuthukiswa

Lesi sitshalo zibhebhetheka ngezindlela ezilandelayo: ucansi (gametes) kanye asexually (ezinhlamvu, amahlumela). They alternate.

Njengoba-ke esandisa Kukushkin sefilakisi? Ezinhlamvu esiyingxenye isitshalo kukhona sporangium (ibhokisi) emlenzeni. Ngemva nokuvuthwa basuke wathela kusukela kulesi sitolo zemvelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, ifomu ezinhlamvu ngentambo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, futhi therefrom yena, livela kancane gametophytes (lokhu kwenzeka ngo luthela). Gametophyte kubhekwe iminyaka oluhlaza Escape unamaqabunga futhi rhizoids (ukwakheka kornepodobnye). Isiphaphamtjhini lokugcina inhlabathi usawoti kanye iodine. Leaf amaseli unikeze zamagama zonke ezinye izinto ezidingekayo. Kulesi sisekelo, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi gametophyte lotimele.

Emva kwesikhashana gametophyte eyeka ukukhula kwabo. Khona-ke iqala Kukushkin yefilakisi zizalela. Maphakathi leaf rosette (indawo - phezulu stem) ukuthuthukisa iduna nensikazi ubulili izitho. Okokuqala ethulwa antheridia (igama livela egameni lesiGreki "Anteros", okusho ukuthi "ukuqhakaza"), okuyizo kanye umjikelezo ukuthuthukiswa ezihambayo gametes - sperm archegonium - zesifazane ubulili izitho zomzimba banesibopho kumiswa ezihleliwe gametes zesifazane - amaqanda.

izitshalo besilisa zinezikhathi khona amahlamvu emikhulu, ababethi umbala ophuzi onsundu. zezinhlobo Female amaqabunga babe.

Phezu okuvela zemvula noma isikhukhula spermatozoa (amaseli besilisa) bayakwazi ukuba baziphonse iqanda. Ngenxa yalokho, baba coalesce. Lapho beqeda inqubo sokukhulelwa le zygote livela (izwi livela lesiGreki "zigotos", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ixhunyiwe"). Lena esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko umbungu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kusuka zygote elivundisiwe ibhokisi ukuthuthukiswa (sporogonia), esisogwini kahle Isiqu eside ngaphandle amaqabunga. Kamuva ibhokisi iba indawo impikiswano. Kuyinto isitoreji zemvelo ulula kakhulu. Lize wahosha umoya ohelezayo. Ngemva ukubola cap kanye nokulahlekelwa oluhlaza spore ukuhluma waphawula ngentambo olubanzi - predrostka. Qaphela ukuthi i-yalokho yimpumelelo kubalulekile ukuthi lezinhlamvu Bangene indawo evumayo kubo, kulesi simo, kwenzeka ukukhiqizwa kabusha Kukushkin ngefilakisi.

On predrostke kwakhiwa efihlekile, zazo zikhona zezinhlobo owesilisa nowesifazane izitshalo. Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe wona kuhlanganisa nohide izizukulwane asexual futhi ngokocansi. Phakathi kwemvelo lesi sici kutfutfukisa izitshalo eziningi, kuhlanganise Ifilakisi Kukushkin.

Lokuzaliswa lokhu zama-moss vegetatively kwenza kube lula ukuthola obukhulu ukhaphethi oluhlaza ngesakhiwo. Usanda ukubeka obuncane moss endaweni emanzi. Nokho, umuntu kufanele acabangele ikhono izitshalo ukuze waterlogging endaweni kwendawo yazo.

Ukusebenzisa etinhlosweni

Uma ususa amahlamvu abe Kukushkin yefilakisi, ungathola nezimo sesigcilikisha eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ezakhiwe maphakathi sifanamsindvo. Abokhokho bethu wasebenzisa impahla yemvelo womshini emabhulashini kanye imishanelo. Ngemva kokumunca futhi ukunwaya neziqu baba isisekelo esihle kakhulu amacansi, mata, obhasikidi, lamakhetheni blackout. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi kumbiwa Okuqala Roman Fort eNgilandi uhlala obhasikidi idaliwe kusuka Kukushkin yefilakisi atholakele. Imikhiqizo sangomhla 86 ngonyaka AD.

Ngasekuqaleni Kukushkin yefilakisi kabanzi lisetshenziswe womshini raincoats amasosha kanye nabahamba. Izingubo okuholela zihlukaniswa amandla ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba ukubaluleka zokuhlobisa.

Abelaphi belulekwa ukuba usebenzise lolu hlobo moss ngokuba nalomsebenzi isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, ukuqeda amajaqamba esiswini futhi chaza ezinso kanye nenyongo sesinye.

yefilakisi Kukushkin, isakhiwo angasetshenziswa in ukulima ngoba zokuhlobisa, nethonya elihle ezweni. Ngakho, lesi sitshalo kungaholela indices inhlabathi asidi ngesilinganiso esiphezulu zonyaka ezimbili. Ngemva kwalokho, lo kulungiswa ka nenhlabathi kungaba ngempumelelo sikhule yimuphi izitshalo engadini. izingxenye Dead moss ukukhonza njengomdala Umanyolo kakhulu.

I engavamile kakhulu isicelo Kukushkin yefilakisi samuntu - njengoba ekukhiqizeni lwemithombo nogologo.

ukwahlukanisa yemvelo

Kukushkin yefilakisi ongavikela ngempumelelo isakhiwo ngokumelene Ukungena abandayo kanye umswakama. Kakhulu ukuba yokuthi moss akusho ukubola. Ufaka ke phakathi lwamakholi izingodo ivumela ukupholisa zemvelo. Kuze kube yimanje, i-moss isetshenziswa ifomu fresh. Ngaphambi laying ukwahlukanisa ezingokwemvelo kumelwe kahle bahlanza of amahlumela, izinti, Izigaxa, utshani kanye nezinye inclusions.

sphagnum moss

Lesi simila kungokwalabo bohlobo emhlophe (Peat) wona. Labelwe 320 zezinto eziphilayo yayo. Sphagnum moss ichaphozi ikakhulukazi omelelwa yilelo ifomu amaqoqo obukhulu, ukwakha imicamelo ezinkulu noma mata esinzima ezweni sphagnum bogs. Kodwa emahlathini ezinomswakama kukhona okuningi sphagnum bungavami. yefilakisi Kukushkin isitshalo ukhumbuza uqonde yakhe stem, ukufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayishumi kuya amabili ukuphakama. Ihamba sphagnum unilamellar, ibekwe bunchy elise amagatsha. Amahlamvu aqukethe eningi amanzi eziveza amaseli nge ikhule ezimbotsheni, ngenkuthalo ubamba amanzi. Leli qiniso kubangela umthamo amanzi enkulu simila. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona wona, ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa bogs.

Minyaka yonke kukhona lilokhu libuna we neziqu ezansi simila. Akha Peat. ukukhula esiqhubekayo apical stem amagatsha.

Qaphela ukuthi sphagnum zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kanye ukuba khona kwezimangaliso emaxhaphozini. Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, ezindaweni efile kwakhiwa moss Peat imali. Peat kumiswa kungenzeka ngenxa amile amanzi, moss ukunikeza imvelo esidi ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukuwohloka izinqubo akwenzeki, sphagnum akusho ukubola. Peat iwumkhiqizo eyigugu, kusukela lapho wax, i-ammonia, upharafini, utshwala, t. D. It is kabanzi zokwelapha ekwakhiweni. Moss uba ngezitshalo nomanyolo ngempumelelo.

sphagnum kanjani usizo?

izindlela eziningi abantu futhi imithi esemthethweni zihlanganisa le ngxenye. Futhi sonke ngoba moss sphagnum - a okukhulu isinqandakuvunda nokunokwethenjelwa sigqoka. Kuyasiza ukubopha amanxeba iqhubeka ngenxa yekhono layo ukuze ukuncela esiningi umswakama. Ngokusho lokhu sphagnum inkomba okudlula izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu ukotini umswakama. Lokhu moss uyakwazi ukukhiqiza umphumela amagciwane ngenxa sfagnola khona - fenolopodobnogo izinto ezikhethekile zivimbela ukukhula futhi ukuphila umsebenzi Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella namanye amagciwane abangela izifo.

Abatshali abakhuthalele usebenzisa sphagnum ngenhloso houseplants ezikhulayo. Kuyinto ingxenye substrate, mulching ungqimba noma eyenza umsebenzi amanzi. Moss engacebile ngezakhi, kodwa inikeza lesi Looseness phansi okudingekayo. Excellent Sphagnum hygroscopic ngenxa yekhono layo ukuze usabalalise umswakama ngokulinganayo. I sfagnola khona kubangela izakhiwo amagciwane kwalesi silwane moss ukuthi kungathatha ngempumelelo ukunakekela izimpande zalesi sihlahla main, ekuvimbeleni ukukhumuzeka isifo futhi ibole.