I-Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava": incazelo, umlando namaqiniso athakazelisayo

Amakhilomitha ayishumi ukusuka eSevastopol yidolobha elihle kakhulu lokubhuka - iBalaklava. Kuze kube yamuva, engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ivaliwe izivakashi. Iphutha laliyisisekelo semikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba eBalaklava.

Lapho impi ebandayo eqala ngamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini lokugcina, i-United States of America neSoviet Union yaqala ukwakha izinqola zezikhali zenuzi, isongela izigameko zokuvimbela, kanye nokuziphindiselela. Kwakukhona kule nkathi yomlando eyinkimbinkimbi uStalin eyanikeza umyalelo we-Beria wangasese: ukuthola indawo yokusekela ama-submarines aseSoviet, ukushaya isiteleka samandla enyukliya.

Ukukhethwa kwamasevisi akhethekile kwawela eBalaklava enokuthula neyathulile. Idolobha lahlelwa ngokushesha, igama layo laphela enqabeni yaseCrimea. Umuzi waphenduka waba yisinye sezifunda zeSevastopol, kodwa hhayi ngendlela evamile, kodwa ngokuyimfihlo ikakhulukazi: kungenzeka ukuthi angene lapha kumaphasi akhethekile. UStalin ngokwakhe wahlola futhi wavakashela iphrojekthi yesikhungo semfihlo sokulungisa nokugcinwa kwemikhumbi yamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona ichweba lokuqala nelokuphela komhlaba elisezweni, elinomshini ekukhwakheni kwemikhumbi yamanzi, okwathiwa negama layo - into engu-825.

Uphi isisekelo?

Uma isisekelo semfihlo esisezindaweni eziphansi, futhi namuhla isakhiwo sezindiza "i-Balaklava" sisekhoneni elingavamile, eNtabeni iTavros. It has two exits, kanye nomnyango we canal - kusukela ohlangothini lwendawo. Abasebenzi bayo babiza lesi sikhangiso. Uma kwenzeka usongo, ukungena kwalo bekuvinjiwe yi-batoport enkulu enesisindo esingamathani ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu.

Emthambekeni osenyakatho wezintaba wenyakatho kwakhiwa ukuphuma kwezikebhe olwandle. Wayevala futhi i-batoport. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi yonke imigodi entabeni yayigcwele ubuchwephesha ngamadivaysi ahlukahlukene afihlekile okwakunzima kakhulu ukuwabona ngisho nasezingeni elikude.

Umlando wokwakhiwa

Namuhla, i-underground museum complex Museum iyona ethandwa kakhulu eBotlakla. Umlando wento eyimfihlo yaqala ngo-1957. Ukuze kugcinwe imfihlo yezinto ezakhiwa, igama elinikeziwe ngokuthula linikezwe - iGTS (idolobha lokushintshanisa ucingo) No. 825. Kukhona futhi umbhalo wesigcawu wesibili - "isakhiwo sobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali". Kunengqondo kakhulu: bambalwa abangase bakholwe ekwakheni ukushintshanisana ngocingo eNtabeni Tavros.

Ochwepheshe ekwakheni lezi zinkimbinkimbi bathi akukho namunye wabo (declassified) futhi namuhla ngobukhulu namandla owandisa isisekelo eBalaklava. Ukwakhiwa kwakwenziwa ngezigaba, kanti usuku lokusebenza lwahlukaniswa laba yizinguquko ezine. Abakhi basuswe emgodini wesentshonalanga wezakhiwo zaseMount Tavros ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-cubic cubs emhlabathini.

Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona umsele wamanzi ajulile, ama-workshops, i-dock eyomile, izikhali zemikhumbi, imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, izindawo zokugcina izinto, ama-berths, post post. Uhlobo lwalutholakala ebusuku, ngenhloso yokufihlekisa, lapho idolobhana elincane eliseningizimu lalilele ubuthongo. UBarges wathathwa waphonswa olwandle.

Ukubambisana ne-metrostroevtsami

Ekuqaleni, ukulungiswa kwalesi sikhungo kwaphathiswa ochwepheshe bezempi, kodwa bahlangabezane nobunzima ngenkathi befaka phansi. Uhulumeni wezwe wanquma ukuheha abakhi bomasipala ukuba basebenze, okwakusiza ukwakha umsele ongaphansi komhlaba, ukujula okwakungamamitha ayisishiyagalombili. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, ububanzi bayo bube ngamamitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-12.

Isisekelo samanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi sasihlala ensimini enkulu (ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisikwele). Indawo yendawo yamanzi, ngaphansi kwalesi sikhungo, ingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala sendawo (isisekelo sokulungisa) sathunyelwa ngo-1961. Ama-depot amafutha okugcina amakhemikhali namafutha, enevolumu lamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalolunye nesigamu, angena esigabeni sesibili, ukwakhiwa kwawo okwaqedwa ngo-1963. Izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi zingakwazi ukuhlala ezitsheni eziyisikhombisa. Kumele ngithi ngisho namanje ochwepheshe bezempi lo mbhalo uyamangalisa.

Entwasahlobo ka-1994, umkhumbi wamanzi wokugcina washiya isisekelo olwandle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, into eyingqayizivele ishiyiwe futhi iphangwa nje.

Yayiyini into?

Lo mbuzo unesithakazelo kubantu abaningi namuhla abavakashela inkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi yemyuziyamu eBalaklava. Khumbula ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo kwaqhutshwa ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho isimo samazwe ngamazwe sasiqeda umkhawulo.

Isisekelo sakhiwe ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kanye nemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba ye-Class 633 no-613. Izingxenye zokungcebeleka ze-submarines nezinhlamvu zazigcinwa endaweni yesakhiwo. Umhubhe ophakathi wawuhlanganisa izikebhe eziyisikhombisa zalezi zinhlobo, kodwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo iphrojekthi eyanikezwa ukubekwa kwemikhumbi eyishumi nane yamakilasi ahlukahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami banikeza umhubhe okhethekile (lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwezikhali zenuzi) ukuhambisa izikebhe esiteshini ngaphansi kwamanzi. Lapha, ngaphezu kwezikhali ezivamile, kwakukhona izikhali zenuzi.

Ukungalungi kwinkimbinkimbi

Ochwepheshe bezanamuhla bavame ukuphikisana, bexoxa ukuthi ngabe isisekelo sasiyisici esiyingqayizivele futhi esihle, noma sasinezinkinga. Ngokuqondene nokuhlukile kwezikhalazo, njengomthetho, akuveki, futhi ngokuqondene nokushiyeka kwesakhiwo, beyiqiniso.

Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sezindiza, amamodeli amasha aqala ukungena e-Black Sea Fleet - imikhumbi engaphansi kwemikhumbi engama-625 eyasebenza ku-diesel fuel. Abakwazanga ukulingana neziteshi ezidaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu ye-base yayinzima ukushaya, ngisho nangesikhathi sesiphepho esibuthakathaka.

I-Complex Museum ye-Naval "Balaklava": incazelo

Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu, esitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, sikwazi ukuvikela ngokumelene nokuqhuma kwe-athomu - isibonelo, ngokunqotshwa kwebhomu le-athomu, amandla okungenani ama-kilotons ayikhulu. Kulesi simo, zonke izinhlamvu, ama-submarines kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza lapho bezohlala bengenasici.

Namuhla umyuziyamu wempi wemikhumbi "Balaklava" kuSevastopol uvulekile kuwo wonke umuntu ozayo. Yasungulwa ngo-2003, lapho inombolo ye-825 ingasetshenzisiwe. Ukuvakasha kuqhutshwa ngamaqembu abantu abangamashumi amabili. Ukuvakasha kuthatha cishe ihora.

Imizila yokuvakasha

Imyuziyamu yasemanzini yaseBalaklava ingabonwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili ezihlongozwayo. Uhambo oluyisisekelo luhamba ngezinyawo zokuhamba ngehora elihamba ngezinyawo zeMount Tavros. Lo mzila uhlanganisa ukuhambela isikhungo semfihlo sokukhusela izikebhe, indlela yokuhamba emgwaqweni, isisetshenziswa sezikhali zenuzi, manje esiphenduka saba amahholo amakhulu embukiso.

Umzila wesibili ufushane: engxenyeni yehora uzokwazi ukuhlola inkimbinkimbi yaseBalaklava engaphansi komhlaba ngokuthatha umkhumbi, ukuhamba ngomgwaqo ongaphansi komhlaba, ukubona umhlangano wokugcinwa kwemikhumbi, ukuvakashela imitha engamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye emamitha ayisishiyagalombili futhi ubheke imayini yangempela yolwandle Kwakuhloswe ukuba kunqobe izinhloso zezilwane zesitha futhi bekwazi ukubhubhisa konke ngaphakathi endaweni engamamitha ayi-100.

Iphethini ye-Factory

Leli yindlela enkulu yokuthutha eholela ezindaweni zokukhiqiza. Ubude bayo buyizingalo ezingu-296, ukuphakama ngamamitha amane nesigamu, ububanzi buyi-four. Leli gumbi lalisetshenziselwa ukuthutha i-torpedoes kusukela ku-MCP nokulethwa kwemishini nezinto ezitolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona indawo yokuhlala yabasebenzi.

Idokodo elingaphansi komhlaba

Wonke umuntu ovakashela i-musek e-Balaklava yama-museum eyinkimbinkimbi okokuqala, umxhwele kakhulu ngalesi sakhiwo, lapho izikebhe zazilungiswa khona. Ubude bayo buyi-505 amamitha, ububanzi buvela kumamitha ayisithupha kuya kwangu-amabili (kumasayithi ahlukene). Ngaphandle komhlaba, phansi kwakukhona umsele owomile - ingxenye evinjiwe yesiteshi, ubude bawo obungamamitha ayikhulu nambili.

Ngaphambi kokungena emgodini owomile, wagcwaliswa ngamanzi. Lapho umkhumbi uqeda, amanzi aqhutshelwa futhi aqala ukulungiswa, okwakusukela emavikini amabili kuya kwamasonto ayisithupha.

I-Arsenal

Inkampanini yeminyuziyamu yempi yaseBalaklava namuhla inganikeza izivakashi ukuba zivakashele i-arsenal, lapho izingxenye zamasosha ezinkulu ze-torpedoes kanye nemicibisholo, kuhlanganise ne-nyukliya, zigcinwe. Leli gumbi lalihlukaniswe ngokomzimba libe izingxenye ezimbili - ezobuchwepheshe nezendawo, lapho indawo eyimfihlo kunazo zonke ezisekelwe khona. Lapha izingxenye zekhanda zagcinwa futhi zahlanganiswa. Ukungena lapha kungaba nezibalo kuphela ezihlanganisa izikhulu neziphathimandla zemvume.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

• Izikebhe zangena emgodini ebusuku kuphela, futhi eBalaklava ngaleso sikhathi ugesi waqedwa.
• Izindonga nokufakwa kwe-arsenal kuhlanganisa uhlaka lwekhonkrit, ubukhulu balo obufinyelela kumamitha ambalwa.
• Ngemuva kokuba isikebhe singena emgodini, amanzi aphuma kuwo. Inani elikhulu lezisebenzi ezishiywe phansi ngaphansi kwezinhlanzi zaqoqwa futhi zibhema. Kuwo wonke wesifunda kwakukhona umusi ovuthayo, lapho izakhamuzi zendawo zacaca ngokucacile ukuthi isikebhe esilandelayo kwakuzokwakhiwa.

I-Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava": othintana nabo

I-museum itholakala eTavricheskaya Embankment, 22. Ihamba njalo kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-19: 00. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ungabhala ukuvakasha kumqondisi we-museum.