I ngesivinini komoya zasezindaweni neziphepho

Manje isivinini somoya kukalwa amadivayisi ezikhethekile - inkomishi anemometer. Leli thuluzi esicacile: ku eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu ukuphotha besicabucabu enisemikhawulweni okuyinto ezibekwe Nenkabazwe. Lezi izinkomishi bayakwazi uthwebule ngisho whiff kulencane. Ngaphansi isenzo engu- yawo iyaqala ukonakala ejikelezayo, bese idivayisi ukurekhoda uloba eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu we rotations imvamisa. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi umoya ohlabayo ngesivinini amamitha eziningi kangaka ngayinye amakhilomitha wesibili noma amaningi kangako ngehora. Eduze anemometer vane isethiwe, okubonisa kokuqondisa komoya.

Kodwa ekuqaleni, ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe ngokunemba amathuluzi ukucacisa isivinini somoya, abantu babesebenzisa esikalini, olwasungulwa amaNgisi Admiral Beaufort. Walenza itafula lapho bonke Jets emoyeni ihlukaniswa kusuka amaphuzu zero kuya ku-12. Ngokucaca, Beaufort esetshenziswa ibhokisi: at zero (ezolile efile) banner bekotele Flagpole. Lapho amaphuzu komuntu kabi sibhebhezela, ngokuba ezimbili - wavers, at ezintathu - wendiza, nokunye, kuze amaphuzu 12, lapho umoya liphenduka isiphepho Okuyınqo, ukudabuka off amabhuloho futhi izindlu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lapho notshwala emoyeni kuthiwa yashesha a ijubane 37 amamitha ngomzuzwana, ifulegi akusadingeki ukukhuluma: izinyembezi zakhe begodu enze nge-elementi Flagpole.

Nokho, amaphuzu 12 noma 37 m / s - lokhu akulona umkhawulo. amadivaysi Modern uvumele nesilinganiso ngcono Beaufort kulekelelwa nabo kwenye amaphuzu amahlanu. It Saffir-Simpson isikali ukuthi ulinganisa buhlungu kakhulu. Isivinini somoya e isiphepho, ngokuvumelana Beaufort, akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka- 35 m / s, kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo, hhayi kubo kuphela, kuyenzeka ukuthi uquqaba emoyeni ezihambayo ngejubane irekhodi 170 amamitha ngomzuzwana. Amandla ukunyakaza ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi utshani elula washaya evele kanzima njengensimbi izipikili! Ukuze ubone ukuthi lezi zinto, sithwele ukwehluleka, ulimi lwabantu necebo amagama amaningi: isikhwishikhwishi, squall, kunenkanyamba, thrombus, isivunguvungu, isiphepho. Omunye mkhuba noma ngabe ihlukile?

Ake, okokuqala, cabangela amandla edlule Alley indlu ezweni imilingo Oz. United States of America emkhawulweni wayo entshonalanga ziphakeme futhi abandayo eziNtabeni ZaseRocky. emoyeni Cold ezintabeni aqoqana bese edonsa ingcindezi eliphezulu esifundeni. US ukhamba empumalanga ezungeze eGulf of Mexico futhi ngoba uLwandle LwaseCaribbean efudumele - indawo ingcindezi ongaphakeme. Phakathi kwezintaba nolwandle enkulu, flat njengoba tabletop, izikhala isimo Kansas, Iowa futhi Oklahoma. Awuboni izithiyo ekhethekile, umoya abandayo odlula phansi, lihlangabezana updrafts ezishisayo, uwenze ube Kuvunguza. Yavela kanjalo-ke "tornado" ( "ujikelezisa" ngeSpanishi), noma "thrombus" ( "ipayipi" French). Igama iyafaneleka kakhulu: kuba lo mkhuba libukeka ngamapayipi wamaRefa phansi ukuba isibhakabhaka, ngaphakathi kwalo konke kwakwenziwa. Isivinini somoya ngenkathi phakathi tube ongafinyelela 150 m / s, kuyilapho bona bashukumiseleka phezu kobuso ipayipi ngesivinini 50-60 amakhilomitha ngehora.

Kwenzeka ukuthi efudumele emoyeni mass phezu Caribbean kanye nezinye kwezilwandle Ezindaweni ezishisayo nokuhlasela phezu kolwandle. Khona-ke babizwa ziphepho (ngesiGreki "kiklon" - inyoka tetifundvo) noma iziphepho (recast "Huracán" - ngakho abakhileyo Antilles ngokuthi "wena ochitha wonke umoya"). I ngesivinini komoya isiphepho esikhulu, kanye nezinga ukubhujiswa - kakhulu. Ngokwe- "wokugqwayiza amandla" ngenxa ukujikeleza Earth, eNingizimu Nenkabazwe isiphepho Kuvunguza basonta ohlangothini ngokwewashi, futhi enyakatho - kwewashi. Izangoma zezulu sikubiza izakhi, owazalwa ngo- Nenkabazwe, amagama abantu besifazane, futhi eningizimu - besilisa. Amagama inikezwa zamagama Latin kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka kuze kube zingama-31 kuZibandlela, isibonelo, u-Alice, uBertha, uCatherine, njll Kuyadingeka ukuba ukubala zingaki ziphepho abazalwa ngesikhathi unyaka, ukuqhathanisa lezi ngedatha nabanye iminyaka. Akuwona wonke Squalls ziye zabangela umonakalo ezifana "uKatrina" New Orleans. Kodwa nesilinganiso ijubane umoya, ingcindezi ku "ukumiswa kwenethiwekhi" futhi Ukwahlukaniswa isishingishane phezu Saffir-Simpson isikali izobheka ezingeni ngengozi esondelayo bese uthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ukuze kuphunywe abantu.